• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

1994 Vol. 7, No. 6

Display Method:
Experiment on Stand Density of Acacia mearnsii Plantation
Zheng Fangji, Gao Chuanbi, Zhu Yongyuan, Ren Huadong, Fang Yulin, Li Jiyuan
1994, 7(6): 595-599.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the stand growth,development and economic return of black wattle(Acacia mearnsii) planted at spacings ranging from 1 m×1m to 2 m×2m at the age of 5 years old.The results showed that the height,diameter increment and economic return(judged by output/input) decreased as density increased;bark and wood yield per unit area increased with the increase of stand density while their increment ranges were smaller in old stands.The stands planted with denser spaeings matured earlier and their thining time was earlier too.Stands of lower densities(treatment A and B) are desirable for producing bark and timber.On the other hand,stands of higher densities(treatments C,D and E) are suitable for establishing fuelwood plantations.
Above-Ground Biomass Production and Nutrient Cycling of Young Plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla
Xu Daping, Zeng Yutian, Li Weixiong
1994, 7(6): 600-605.
Abstract:
In this paper,the above-ground growth,Biomass accumulation and distribution among different diameter classes and tree components,primary net productivity,nutrient concentration in 4 tree components and litter,nutrient cycling(not include leaching) of 2 to 3 years old plantation of Eucalyptus urophylla were mentioned.The above-ground biomass of the plantation of 2 years old were 22.9 t/hm2 and 40.0t/hm2 of 3 years old,of which therewere 60.2% stem-wood,8.9% stem-bark,14.7% branch and 16.2% leaves at 2 years,and 63.6 stem-wood,7.7% stem-bark,14.1% branch and 14.6% leaves at 3 years.The primarynet productivity of the 2 to 3 years old plantation was 20.5t/hm2,of which more than 50% was stem biomass increment and 16.7% was litter.N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Si,Mn,Zn,Cu and B ac-cumulation was 157.6,5.42,59.3,23.97,9.27,14.16,5.26,0.427,0.125 and 0.588 kg/hm2 at 2 years,and 247.8,8.2,91.1,40.3,17.5,26.3,8.12,0.711,0.22l and 0.981 kg/hm2 at 3years respectively.In the 2 to 3 years old plantation,N,P,K turn-over rates were lower than 0.2 and Cu,Zn and B turn-over rates were lower than 0.3.
A Study on the Groups and Distribution Characteristics of Wild Emblica in Yunnan Province
Li kun, Chen Yude, Gu Yong, Zhang Zhijun, Hou Bin
1994, 7(6): 606-611.
Abstract:
There are abundant resources of wild emblica(Phyllanthus emblica L.) inYunnan Province,China.They can be classified into six groups and thirty types.Among thesix groups,the globular group is the largest one,which accounted for 61.9% of the total investigated quantity.Its percent of fruit-bearing trees with single fruit weight more than 6 g isat a low level of 10%.Although there were a large number of the trees in the distributionzone,the average yearly yield is only 350~410 kg/hm2.Emblica fruit in Yunnan contained alarge amount of vitamin C and had a high SOD activity(769 mg/100 gFw and 293 units/g Fwrespectively),but its percent of tannin and fibre were higher than those of the Fujian's forthe sampling in December.The fruits mature gradually from December to March of the fol-lowing year.It's suggested that the fruit-picking should be done in winter.
The Accumulation of Poisonous Elements in Populus×euramericana,Salix matsudana,Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia Growing on Coal Ash“Soil”
Wang Shiji, Liu Yarong, Liu Jianwei, Zhou Shuli, Qin Deren, Leng Guoyou
1994, 7(6): 612-617.
Abstract:
The speciai"soil"type condition is formed by filling the collapsed area with coal ash from thermal power factory and covering 30cm Chao soil onto the ash.In 1986~1987,Populus×euramericana,Salix matsudana,Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations were established on the site.Under intensive cultivation,they grew well.Biomass and 14 elements distribution and accmulation,in the trees were investigated in 1991.The result shows that most elements such as N,P,K,Ca,Mg were accumulated mainly in leaf,then root,bark and branch,their contents in trunk the least.Among the 4 species,Robinia pseudoacacia had the highest N content.The accumulation of the poisonous elements in tree was Hg mainly in root and bark,seldom in leaf and branch;Pb mainly in leaf and bark,seldom in trunk;Cd and Cr distributed evenly in all organs.The absorption of nutritive and poisonous elements was calculated by their 4~5 years biomass and element contents.The trees purification function was discussed based on the calculation.
A Study on Associative Nitrogen Fixation of Bamboo Rhizosphere
Gu Xiaoping, Wu Xiaoli
1994, 7(6): 618-623.
Abstract:
The N2- fixation activities of Phyllestachys pubescens and Ph.meyeri's roots have been determined by N2- backfilling and enrichment culture method respectively.In N2- backfilling method,two kinds of bamboo can reach 9.9 and 2.1 nmol C2H4 per gram of dry roots per hour respectively.When tested by enrichment culture method,the activities of over 40% of the roots are within the range of 20~100 nmoI C2H4 per gram of fresh roots per hour.The amount of N2- fixation bacterium in Ph.meyeri's rhizosphere soil on the surface and in the roots have been determined by the method of acetylene reduction-MPN,the results of wbich are 3.4 ×105 bacterium per gram in dry soil and 2.2×105 (surface) and 3.0×104(roots) bacterium per gram of dry roots.The diazotroph of Ph.meyeri's rhizosphere have been isolated by streaking,three strainswith rather high N2-fixation activities have been isolated and identified,which belong to Enterobacteriaceae with number of G-4、G-7 and G-12 respectively.Further studies show that G-4 belong to Klebsiella pneumoniae;G-7 and G-12 are of the same kind of bacterium,but their genus has not been determined in this study.It shows that these two associative diazotrophs have the highest N2- fixation enzyme activities after being cultivated in the improved Dobereiner medium(without nitrogen) for 18~24 hours and they can suit wide pH,from 4.5~9.2,but for the bacteria G-7,the optimum pH value is around 7.5 and for G-4,pH 6.5 seems to be the best.When the incubation temperature is about 30℃,their highest nitrogen fixing activities can be measured,and many kinds of carbon sources can be used by these associative diazotrophs.
Effects of Plant Thinning on Clone’s Flowering and Seeding in Chinese Fir Seed Orchard
wang Zhaomin, Zhang Jianzhong, Chen Yiliang, Ni Rongxin, Xu Taifang, Chen Xilian
1994, 7(6): 624-628.
Abstract:
The plant thinning with the intensity at 20%~30% was conducted in three 12-year-old Chinese fir seed orchards and the observations were made in the later three years.It showed that clones' averaged amount of female cone flowers produced by the forests where it have been thinned is 4.17 times that of the check,and the male cone flowers is 2.71 times of the check.The per hm2 yield of cone in thinned plot is 1.39~1.63 times that of the untreated,and the single tree yield of cone in thinned plot is 1.41~2.21 times that of the untreated.Meanwhile,the yearly growth of the plant height,DBH and lateral branch also increased obviously.
Studies on the Main Nitrogen Assimilation Enzymes Activities and Nodule Cell Ultrastructure in the Nodule of Alnus cremastogyne
Wu Zuhong, Zhou Guozhang
1994, 7(6): 629-633.
Abstract:
The activities of nodule average nitrogen-fixing and NR of 1-year-old Alnus cremastogyne seedlings reached its maximum in late May,which were 11.03μmol C2H4/(gFw·h)and 0.89μmol NO2-/(gFw·h) respectively.When the nodule began senescence in June,both of them decreased rapidly,but the nodule average GS activity increased.The weight of the adult nodule and the old nodule of the 2-year-old seedling was 70% more than its total nodule weight.The ratio of the adult nodule weight to the total nodule weight per seedling was the highest in late May and that of old nodule was the highest in June,they were 51.4% and 82.1% respectively.When the nodule developed from the juvenile to theadult and then to the old,the nitrogenfixing activity decreased with the increase of the GS activity.The NR activity was the highest in the adult,middle in the old and lowest in the juvenile.With the development of nodule,the mitochondria of the host cell decreased,and finally disappeared in the old,the vesicle size decreased but its number increased,and the vesicles connected tightly to each other,forming a regular structure.The characteristics of nodule cell ultrastructure was discussed,which might have something to do with the three nitrogen assimilation enzymes in the nodule.
Prediction Model for the Bamboo Shoot Yield of Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata
Huang Kefu, Yang Xiaoru
1994, 7(6): 634-639.
Abstract:
A prediction model for the shoot yield of Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata was established based on the data of shoot yield of the sample plots.The principles of quantitative theory I was adopted to analyze 13 factors which had influence on the shoot yield such as culm density,silvicultural operations etc.The complex correlation coefficient t test is extremely significant,with the result of standard error rate E test being 13.1%,reaching the precision prescribed.The establisbed model can be used to predict the bamboo shoot yield of Ph.makinoi.Furthermore,the results of partial correlation coefficient t test demonstrate that such factors as bamboo stand structure,site condition,cultural operations,and bumper or on off year etc,have apparent influence on the shoot yield of Ph.makinoi.
Research on the Selection of the Applicable Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Populus tomentosa
Zhao Zhong, Liu Xiping, Gao Chongwei
1994, 7(6): 640-645.
Abstract:
Based on the ecological characteristics and symbiotical relationship of ectomycorrhizae of Populus tomentosa,the research on the beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi has been conducted.The results show that Scleroderma sp.is not only able to endure the high temperature as compared with the other fungi,but also to grow in the alkaline substratum.In neutral substratum all of the Tricholoma columbetta,Laccaria laccata and Scleroderma sp.could form ectomycorrhizae with the host plant and improve the host's growth,but in alkaline soil only Scleroderma sp.formed ectomycorrhizae,which bettered the host growth and its nutrient situations of nitrogen and phosphate.Its effect of inoculation rose obviously with the increase of the inoculum amount.A worse effect resulted from the inoculation experiment of Cenococcum geophilum.
Studies on the Biomass and Productivity of Eucommia ulmoides Plantation
Zhou Zhenxian, Xie Shuangxi
1994, 7(6): 646-651.
Abstract:
Studies on the biomass of Eucommia ulmoides Plantation of 26~27 years old were conducted in Zunyi,Guizhou Province and Cili,Hunan Province with 20 plots,80 sampling trees and 71 leaf-surface groups.The results show that the biomass of a stand on a good site is greater than that of another on a poorer site and that on the same site condition,the trunk and branch biomass ratio increases with the increase of age,but the leaf and root biomass decreases with the increase of age,and the bark biomass keeps more stable.The root's cuticle is some 30% of the total and it can be utilized after cutting.In the same stand,the dominant tree has the maximum biomass,the middle ones the second and the suppressed ones the minimum,controlling the density of the stand and choosing the suitable site for cultivation are the two important measures to increase the yield of Eucommia ulmoides.Besides,the establishment of regression equation for each nutritions organ's biomass of individual tree can be used in practical production.
Study on the Convert of Polygon Raster Data to Vecter Data in WINGIS
Li Yingguo, Gao Xianlian, Tian Yonglin
1994, 7(6): 652-657.
Abstract:
Technique for converting the raster data of polygon maps to vector data is discussed in this paper,based on the analysis and comparison between the raster and vector data formats.According to this technique there may be a boundary point existing between every two neighboring pixels of the raster data,that means each pixel of the raster data has at most eight boundary points with the value of 1 of 0,and the number of boundary points adjacent to another is 2 to 4.Therefore the points on a vector line and their topology can be determined because there is a number of adacent boundary points of 3 to 4 on the nodes of a line.Through surplus point deleting,line smoothing,polygon topology generating,label point creating and feature attribute refilling,the technique can greatly decrease the data amount processed and successfully convert the raster data to vector data.
Proveniance Test of 12-year-old Slash and Loblolly Pine
Song Yunmin, Pan Zhigang
1994, 7(6): 658-662.
Abstract:
Provenance test of 12-year-ole slash and loblolly pine at 7 locations were conducted.Results indicate that there are significant variations among different provenances of lobiolly pine as well as the interaction of provenance×location,though the variance of the interaction is small.L-9,6,10 from the coastal plains of South Atlantic States and Gulf of Mexico(Livingston,Parish,LA) were selected as the superior seed sources for the central and southern subtropical region,according to the growth(height,dbh.) and adaptation (stirvival,pest and cold-resistance) of the provenance performance,L-2,5,6 from coastal plain of NC,SC and inland piedmont are fast growing and cold-resistant.They could be used for the cultivation in northern subtropical region.There is less significant variation among the seed sources of slash pine and the interaction of provenance×location is not significant.The superior seed sources of slash pine could be obtained from the central range of Southern Georgia and northern Florida.Slash and loblolly pine should be cultivated below 400~500 m in the vast low hills and coastal plain of the subtropical regions.Native masson pine could be planted at the places where the elevation is higher than 400~500 m.
A New Species of the Genus Diprion(Hymenoptera:Diprionidae) from China
Xiao Gangrou, Zhang You
1994, 7(6): 663-665.
Abstract:
In the present paper a new species of the genus Difrion,D.jingyuanensis is described,which is a serious pest of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.in Gansu and Shanxi Provinces in China.Diprion jingyuanensis sp.nov.Female: Head black;antenna black with scape and pedicel yellowish;palpi deep yellow;mandible dark red except for dorsal surface.Thorax black with prothorax deep yellow;wing hyaline;stigma yellow apically and black basally,in the black part there is a white spot;veins dark yellow,Abdomen black with terga 1,2,8,lateral parts of tergum 3;and sterna 3~5 deep yellow.pubescence on head and thorax deep yellow.Anterior margin of clypeus deeply and arcuately emarginated;rami of segments 7 to 11 about as long as each length of their respective segment;median fovea oval,moderately deep;lateral,coronal and transverse sutures distinct;OOL:POL: OCL=2:1:1.3.pubescence on clypeus,prothorax and mesonotum longer and denser,Lancet as in fig.1-1.punctures on head and thorax coarse and dense,nearly rugose;punctures on abdominal terga very sparse,on lateral parts of terga and sterna dense and coarse.Body length about 10 mm;antenna 21 to 23-segmented,apical 2~3 segments without raml.Male:Color of head,wings and pubescence similar to female;thorax and abdomen entirely black;legs black with tibiae and tarsi deep yellow;rami of segments 1 to 11 each about 10 times length of their respective segment;OOL :POL:OCL=2.6:2.6:1;punctures on thorax coarser and denser,rugose;punctures on abdomen coarser and more numerous.Penis valve as in fig.1-2.Other characters as for the female.Body length about 8 mm;antenna 23-segmented,with apical 1~2 segments without rami.Holotype♀,Gansu Province,Jingyuan County,30.Ⅵ.1989,Zhang You leg;Allotype♂,same data as for holotype.Paratypes 4♀♀,1♂,same data as for holotype.Paratypes 13♀♀,2♂♂,Shanxi Province,Qinyuan County,Ⅳ,1992~1993,Zhao Jinlong leg.The type specimens are deposited in the insect collection of the Forest Protection Research Institute,the Chinese Academy of Forestry.Hosts:Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.The new species resembles Diprion liuwanensis Huang et Xiao,but differs from the latter in the color of the fore wing and the lancet and penis valve.
Studies on the Damage and Control of Psylla chinesis
Li Daluan, Zhang Cuituan, Su Haifeng, Xu Guoliang
1994, 7(6): 666-670.
Abstract:
The damage and control of Psylla chinesis were studied from 1987 to 1991.The results were as follows:The pear psyllid is one of the main pests of pear trees.They feed on the leaves in concealment.Under serious condition,they can make the leaves fall earlier.The tolerable pest density is 3 on a leaf base and 10 on a leaf blade.This is regared as the threshold,under which the pests don't cause serious damage.The control threshold for the numph is 0.4 on a leaf blade in the whole pear orchard.The field of the orchard should be irrigated at severe winter.The first-generation nymphs must be controlled.The time for control is determined by control threshold.These methods are effective and have achieved better economic benefit.
Study on the Effect of Fumigation on the Wood Infested by Pine Wood Nematode with Methyl Bromide
Wang Yuyan, Song Yushuang, Zang Xiuqiang, Liu Yang, Ge Minghong, Zhao Julin
1994, 7(6): 671-676.
Abstract:
Fumigation with methyl bromide(CH3Br) is a major method to treat the wood infested by the pine wood nematode(PWN)(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) at present.The important factors,such as temperature,dosage,duration of fumigation,the wood size,moisture of the wood,size of the wood stack,and the position of the wood in stack,wrer analyzed respectively.The effect of fumigation was retarded by low temperature and improved by the increase of dosage.The duration of 72 h fumigation was proper.The worse result was obtained while the wood moisture was higher.The fumigation effect of the stack in bottom was the best.The sizes between 50 to 70m3 was suitable for fumigation.The impor tant factors affecting the results were temperature,dosage and duration of fumigation.The good results were achieved by increasing dosage and shortening duration of fumigation or prolonging the duration of fumigation and reducing dosage.The mortalities of PWN and Monochamus alternatus were l00% under CT value of 5 000~6000 at 4~10℃.
Site Classification and Evaluation of Teak Forests in Hainan Island
Lu Junpei
1994, 7(6): 678-684.
Abstract:
According to the investigation data of 32 plots,the site classification and evaluation of teak forests in Hainan Island were studied.The site index is used as a criterion variable and the 6 ecological factors are used as explanatory variable in which the soil fertility is one of the 6 ecological factors,which are determined by the 6 soil chemical characteristics.Through the mathematical analysis methods of the theory of quantification I,principal component analysis and coordinate comprehensive judgment,the 4 site type groups and site types are classified and evaluated.
Study on the Dissipation Structure of Identical Age and Single-storied Forest
Yang Yongxiang
1994, 7(6): 685-691.
Abstract:
A stand system change in the(number-volume) structure would be through going up and coming down of the growth increment and death volume,it will take a new convert function,which may instigate evolution(number-volume) of stands in future.This(structure-function) keeps to form an unbalance state,stableand in order advancing stands system better than that of the past.Time-and-space evolution of stands system is changeable,which shows different diversity,its {x(N),y(V)} evolution on the"Power Class Table" that react on its ratio of energy change and wavelength.This indicates that there is the characteristics of wave and particle change in the production of matter and energy of stands system.
Preliminary Research on the Application of ERS 1 SAR in Forest
Li Zengyuan, Che Xuejian, Liu Min, Bai Lina, Tan Bingxiang
1994, 7(6): 692-696.
Abstract:
The data sets used for this study were obtained over the Yantai region in Shandong Province by ERS-1 SAR and TM during the period of 1992.Those remote sensing data were geometrically corrected and digitally registered.The relationship between ERS-1 SAR,TM data and forest parameters was analysed by using the method of canonical correlation analysis.The results showed that there was a close correlation between C-bandb of ERS-1 SAR data and crown thickness and average tree height,which indicated that the influence of various forest parameters on ERS-1 SAR image was bigger than that on TM image.So there is a great potential of applying ERS-1 SAR data for estimating forest parameters,even forest volume.
Preliminary Study on Hybrid Tulip Tree Cutting Rooting Rates
Yang Zhicheng
1994, 7(6): 697-700.
Abstract:
Hybrid tulip tree,a famous scemic species,has beautiful flowers and can easily grow into a tall tree.At present,its seedling supplies can't meet the demand.This paper introduced its cutting methods,such as the intermittent spray method in full light,the indoors glass-case culture and the outdoor polythene greenhouse culture.Using the second method,the current year sprout cutting survival rate can be up to 82.6%,but the propagation coefficient is the lowest and the method is relatively complex.Although the survival rate of the third method is 28.4%,this method is simple,applicable,and can easily be extended.This paper mainly introduces the cutting's propagating method,season,and medium etc.Through using intermittent spray in full light,the cutting rooting rates of the big tree's offshoots or the young branches can be more than 35% in the beginning of June or the beginning of August.
Studies on High-speed Production of Beauveria bassiana
Fei Chengyu, Tang Peiyu
1994, 7(6): 701-703.
Abstract:
The best fermentative prescription for culturing Beauveria bassiana was screened.When the myceliumes propagated on alarge scale,solid carrier is used for promoting the production of the lively conidiospore quickly.The whole period for culturing only need five days and the product can be used for a lot of preparations after storing at 50℃.
Nurtient Omission Experiment of Eucalyptus grandis Seedlings in Six Forest Soil Types
Zhong Chonglu, Paul Reddell
1994, 7(6): 704-708.
Abstract:
In greenhouse,13 treatments were conducted.The study on nutrient deficiency treatments of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings showed that more than one nutrient limited growth of heights,diameter and biomass production of E.grandis seedlings in each of the tropical soils that were examined,and biomass is most sensitive in the three indexes.Nutrients that limited seedling growth on each soiI type were:P and Ca of Galmara soil;P,N and S of Tyson soil;P and Ca of Pigin soil;P,N,S,Zn and B of Kirrima soil;P,N,K and S of Bulgun soil;P,N,K,S,Zn and Mo of Hull soil.When these nutrients that mentioned above were omission from the complete nutrient formulation(COM)in the relative soil types,biomass above ground(Da) of seedlings were reduced by 24%~98%,comparing with Da values of COM treatment.A simple guide to diagnosis of foliar symptoms of deficiencies of 5 major elements(N,P,K,S and Ca) has been prepared.
Influence of Simulated Damage by Leaf-plucking on Growth of Poplar
Gao Ruitong, Qin Xixiang, Chen Dejun, Lu Yongnong
1994, 7(6): 709-712.
Abstract:
In 1990~1992,a simulated leaf-plucking experiment was made to evaluate the influence of defoliator on growth of 2~3-year old Populus euramericana(Dode) Guinier cv.‘sacrau-79’.The results showed:for the treatment of less than 50% leaf-plucking,there was no significant decrease in diameter and height growth as compared with the control for the current and next year.For the leaf-plucking 75%~100% in April to July there was a significantly effect on the current year tree growth,leaf-plucking 75% reduced diameter growth 40.5%~69.4% and height growth 41.4%~58.7%.Leaf-plucking 100% reduced diameter growth 58.4%~89.8% and height growth 34.5%~65.2%.There was no significant effect for the leaf-plucking in August and September.But for leaf-plucking 75%~100% in June and September,there was a significant effect for next year growth.In April 47 days after leaf-plucking,for the 75% leaf-plucking,new leaves increased 2.9 times as compared with the control,while for leafplucking 100% increased 3.5 times.52 days after the leaf-plucking in July,fallen leaves for leaf-plucking 75% was 17.7% of the control.For leafplucking 100% there was a growth of 247 new leaves.