1995 Vol. 8, No. 6
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1995, 8(6): 597-604.
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Abstract:
Through the study on growth rate,culture characteristics and growth rules of Pisolithus tinctorius on different medium,the optimal medium was selected as the basic medium for its carbon and nitrigen sources study. The results show that Pt has a wide range of nutritional sources for metabolization,not only can it use monosaccharides,disaccharides,and inorganic nitrogen, but also it can use polysaccharides, polyol and organic nitrogen. Corn meal and mannitol are its optimal carbon sources, peptone and NH4Cl the optimal nitrogen sources for its mycelial growth. No obvious difference was noted when amine and nitrate forms of inorganic nitrogen were utilized by the fungus. And the optimum formulae of nutrition for its mycelial growth are obtained through orthogonal experiment L16(45).Through using the formulae,the biomass of the fungal mycelium can astonishingly proliferate 860 times,which surpass that of the former report. Therefore,the research provided the theory base to improve the formula and the technology for producing the ectomycorrhizal inocula of the fungus.
Through the study on growth rate,culture characteristics and growth rules of Pisolithus tinctorius on different medium,the optimal medium was selected as the basic medium for its carbon and nitrigen sources study. The results show that Pt has a wide range of nutritional sources for metabolization,not only can it use monosaccharides,disaccharides,and inorganic nitrogen, but also it can use polysaccharides, polyol and organic nitrogen. Corn meal and mannitol are its optimal carbon sources, peptone and NH4Cl the optimal nitrogen sources for its mycelial growth. No obvious difference was noted when amine and nitrate forms of inorganic nitrogen were utilized by the fungus. And the optimum formulae of nutrition for its mycelial growth are obtained through orthogonal experiment L16(45).Through using the formulae,the biomass of the fungal mycelium can astonishingly proliferate 860 times,which surpass that of the former report. Therefore,the research provided the theory base to improve the formula and the technology for producing the ectomycorrhizal inocula of the fungus.
1995, 8(6): 605-608.
Abstract:
The embryogenesis of interspecific hybrids between Liriodendron tulipifera and L. chinense was studied by means of artificial pollination and routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique. The results were:(1)The pollen of L. tulipifera germinated normally after artificial pollination,and more pollen tubes could grow into stigma but a lot of pollen tubes grew slowly and even broke up in the style canal;(2)When the pollen has germinated for six days,the pollen tube reached the embryo sac finally through the style canal,obturator and nucellar cap,then,the porogamy was conducted.After 20 days, the cellular endosperm was formed first as a narrow tissue of 2 to 4 eclls in thickness. The spherical embryo could be observed after 35 days;(3)The seed coat was formed by integment following the development of embryo and endosperm. The antropous has two layers integments. Both of them were formed exopleura, middle layer and endopleura. Each layer of integment experienced a series of changs when the embryo and endosperm developed. At last,the seed Coat was consisted of the membrane layer formed by exopleura of exointegment, air chamer formed by middle layer and hardening layers formed by the endopleura cell of inter integument and outer integument;(4)The number of mature embryo sacs and pollen tubes reaching micropyle was too less to fertilize;(5)The course of fertilization was normal on the whole,but the development of embryo and endosperm was not in harmony, which resulted in the early abortion of embryo,so it was difficult to observe the later development of embryo.
The embryogenesis of interspecific hybrids between Liriodendron tulipifera and L. chinense was studied by means of artificial pollination and routine paraffin-embedded sectioning technique. The results were:(1)The pollen of L. tulipifera germinated normally after artificial pollination,and more pollen tubes could grow into stigma but a lot of pollen tubes grew slowly and even broke up in the style canal;(2)When the pollen has germinated for six days,the pollen tube reached the embryo sac finally through the style canal,obturator and nucellar cap,then,the porogamy was conducted.After 20 days, the cellular endosperm was formed first as a narrow tissue of 2 to 4 eclls in thickness. The spherical embryo could be observed after 35 days;(3)The seed coat was formed by integment following the development of embryo and endosperm. The antropous has two layers integments. Both of them were formed exopleura, middle layer and endopleura. Each layer of integment experienced a series of changs when the embryo and endosperm developed. At last,the seed Coat was consisted of the membrane layer formed by exopleura of exointegment, air chamer formed by middle layer and hardening layers formed by the endopleura cell of inter integument and outer integument;(4)The number of mature embryo sacs and pollen tubes reaching micropyle was too less to fertilize;(5)The course of fertilization was normal on the whole,but the development of embryo and endosperm was not in harmony, which resulted in the early abortion of embryo,so it was difficult to observe the later development of embryo.
1995, 8(6): 609-618.
Abstract:
In the first year after one-year-old superior seedlings were planted in Chinese fir cutting collecting garden,a trial involved in 12 treatments(5 ways×2 or 3 seasons)to stimulate sprouts at the bottom of the stocks was established. The numbers of both total sprouts and available cuttings per tree in the spring of the following year varied significantly among the treatments. MSA(make stem with an angle of 20～30°against ground)CST(cut off stem top)CMS(cover up middle of stem with earth)CHS(cut off half stem)CSG(cut off stem at ground level). MSA and CST were carried out separately in August and in April,and the best results obtained.The worst were found in CSG in both April and August,but the CSG in December was better than the former's both. Though it is really important to maintain enough canopy but to timely limit its terminal growth in the young stock's management.The numbers of available cuttings per ha of both the MSA with spacing of 0.5 m×0.8m,and the CSG with 0.5m×0.5 m were observed for three years. The result showed that the cutting yield of MSA was 40%～50% higher than that of the CSG. Howerver,thining of stock plants should be done in the fourth year after planting for the MSA garden. But the CSG was suitable for dense planting,where the higher numbers of cutting could be obtained in early stage. Some experiment indicated that position and size of cutting materials showed significant influence on height growth,uniformity,and survival of rooted cuttings. It is suggested that stout cuttings of 10 cm long,with a well developed terminal bud should be collected from the lower part of a stem,20 cm above ground.
In the first year after one-year-old superior seedlings were planted in Chinese fir cutting collecting garden,a trial involved in 12 treatments(5 ways×2 or 3 seasons)to stimulate sprouts at the bottom of the stocks was established. The numbers of both total sprouts and available cuttings per tree in the spring of the following year varied significantly among the treatments. MSA(make stem with an angle of 20～30°against ground)CST(cut off stem top)CMS(cover up middle of stem with earth)CHS(cut off half stem)CSG(cut off stem at ground level). MSA and CST were carried out separately in August and in April,and the best results obtained.The worst were found in CSG in both April and August,but the CSG in December was better than the former's both. Though it is really important to maintain enough canopy but to timely limit its terminal growth in the young stock's management.The numbers of available cuttings per ha of both the MSA with spacing of 0.5 m×0.8m,and the CSG with 0.5m×0.5 m were observed for three years. The result showed that the cutting yield of MSA was 40%～50% higher than that of the CSG. Howerver,thining of stock plants should be done in the fourth year after planting for the MSA garden. But the CSG was suitable for dense planting,where the higher numbers of cutting could be obtained in early stage. Some experiment indicated that position and size of cutting materials showed significant influence on height growth,uniformity,and survival of rooted cuttings. It is suggested that stout cuttings of 10 cm long,with a well developed terminal bud should be collected from the lower part of a stem,20 cm above ground.
1995, 8(6): 619-623.
Abstract:
Shoots of several tree species or shoots of a sole tree species were used to feed the adults of Batocera horsfieldi separately for trials of absorbing replenishing nutrition. The results of the trials show that the adults fed up with the shoots of Rosa multifora and Fraxinus chinesis absorbed more nutrition with longer life-span than the adults fed up with the shoots of Salix matsudana,Pterocarya hupehensis,Populus deltoides cv."Lux"(Ⅰ-69/55)and Ulmus pumila; and only those adults fed up with rose and ash were able to lay eggs. The amount of replenishing nutrition taken,life-span and amount of oviposition are in positive relationship with the sugar content of the plant shoots taken by the adults. The use of rose as bait tree in poplar plantation to attract and catch the adults could decrease the percentage of trees attacked by the beetle from 94.4% to 17.8%.
Shoots of several tree species or shoots of a sole tree species were used to feed the adults of Batocera horsfieldi separately for trials of absorbing replenishing nutrition. The results of the trials show that the adults fed up with the shoots of Rosa multifora and Fraxinus chinesis absorbed more nutrition with longer life-span than the adults fed up with the shoots of Salix matsudana,Pterocarya hupehensis,Populus deltoides cv."Lux"(Ⅰ-69/55)and Ulmus pumila; and only those adults fed up with rose and ash were able to lay eggs. The amount of replenishing nutrition taken,life-span and amount of oviposition are in positive relationship with the sugar content of the plant shoots taken by the adults. The use of rose as bait tree in poplar plantation to attract and catch the adults could decrease the percentage of trees attacked by the beetle from 94.4% to 17.8%.
1995, 8(6): 624-629.
Abstract:
Allometric regression equations for biomass prediction were developed for trees of Hevea brasiliensis in the Leizhou peninsular region of Southern China. Individual tree component dry weight,such as leaf, branch,bole,root, bark, total aboveground and underground,whole tree were regressed against girth(at breast height 1.3 m)and D2H(D diameter at breast height,H total height)using 49 sample trees. The statistical comparison showed that the regression equation against girth was better than that of against D2H. In 25-year-old rubber plantation,approximately 80% of tree biomass was in the aerial part and 20% in the roots. The bole,branches, roots and leaves constituted about 52.0%, 23.6%,19.7% and 4.7% of the whole tree biomass respectively.The revised biomass table using regression equation against girth was developed.
Allometric regression equations for biomass prediction were developed for trees of Hevea brasiliensis in the Leizhou peninsular region of Southern China. Individual tree component dry weight,such as leaf, branch,bole,root, bark, total aboveground and underground,whole tree were regressed against girth(at breast height 1.3 m)and D2H(D diameter at breast height,H total height)using 49 sample trees. The statistical comparison showed that the regression equation against girth was better than that of against D2H. In 25-year-old rubber plantation,approximately 80% of tree biomass was in the aerial part and 20% in the roots. The bole,branches, roots and leaves constituted about 52.0%, 23.6%,19.7% and 4.7% of the whole tree biomass respectively.The revised biomass table using regression equation against girth was developed.
1995, 8(6): 630-633.
Abstract:
Study on tending and intermediate cutting in slash pine plantation proves that:on the condition of 14 site index, the best management density of short cutting cycle in slash pine plantation for pulpwood is 1 650～1 800/hm2 at the stand age of 15-year-old,and that for construction timber is 1 200～1 350/hm2,15 years later the second intermediate cutting should be carried out in time.
Study on tending and intermediate cutting in slash pine plantation proves that:on the condition of 14 site index, the best management density of short cutting cycle in slash pine plantation for pulpwood is 1 650～1 800/hm2 at the stand age of 15-year-old,and that for construction timber is 1 200～1 350/hm2,15 years later the second intermediate cutting should be carried out in time.
1995, 8(6): 634-640.
Abstract:
The samples of soil and plant's needle,cone taken from Zhejiang's Chinese fir seed orchards were tested,And the results showed that the content of water-soluble B in soil is only 0.13～0.24 ppm,which is obviously lower than the critical concentration of 0.5 ppm.The B contents of plant needle and cone are only8.9～22.7 ppm and 4.1～16.1 ppm respectively,which is also lower than the normal one. Applying appropriate amount of B to Chinese fir seed orchard, the cone yields of single tree and per hectare stand are averaged 35.08%,48.42% higher than those of the control respectively,the seed output rate is 9.40%,the germination percentage is 14.99% and the 1000-seed-weight is 6.54%,which is higher than that of the control. The best time for fertilization is likely to be before middle August and middle June. The proper amount of fertilizer used is 60 g borax generally. The study also revealed that the better yield could be achieved to apply B mixed with N,P,K fertilizers instead of Bor N,P, K mixed fertilizer seperately. The amount of cone of single tree and per hectare stand can be increased by 22.55% and 15.71% more with the compound fertilizer,and the seed quality could also be improved remarkably.
The samples of soil and plant's needle,cone taken from Zhejiang's Chinese fir seed orchards were tested,And the results showed that the content of water-soluble B in soil is only 0.13～0.24 ppm,which is obviously lower than the critical concentration of 0.5 ppm.The B contents of plant needle and cone are only8.9～22.7 ppm and 4.1～16.1 ppm respectively,which is also lower than the normal one. Applying appropriate amount of B to Chinese fir seed orchard, the cone yields of single tree and per hectare stand are averaged 35.08%,48.42% higher than those of the control respectively,the seed output rate is 9.40%,the germination percentage is 14.99% and the 1000-seed-weight is 6.54%,which is higher than that of the control. The best time for fertilization is likely to be before middle August and middle June. The proper amount of fertilizer used is 60 g borax generally. The study also revealed that the better yield could be achieved to apply B mixed with N,P,K fertilizers instead of Bor N,P, K mixed fertilizer seperately. The amount of cone of single tree and per hectare stand can be increased by 22.55% and 15.71% more with the compound fertilizer,and the seed quality could also be improved remarkably.
1995, 8(6): 641-646.
Abstract:
A total of ten potential Plustrees have been primarily classified in 20 hm2 of 5 to 8-year plantation of Acacia auriculiformis in Jianfengling and Qionghai, Hainan Island,based on field-survey carried out in 1992 and 1993.The main indices recorded in survey included height and diameter in breast height growth, stem-form,crown broadth,health conditionand some features else of plus-tree. The obtained data were processed in STAT and analyzed with method of PCA, DA and MS in order to justify which factor would play more important role in plus-tree selection. The result demonstrated that growth difference among plus-trees,the dominants and single tree of each kind would exist in some content to a significant level,and that those factors concerned growth and stem-form of tree were of minor importance.As for primary criteria for further selection, overall scores of plus-tree should exceed 52,and its H & DBH growth should be 10%～15% larger than those of the dominant and 15%～30% larger than those of the forest.
A total of ten potential Plustrees have been primarily classified in 20 hm2 of 5 to 8-year plantation of Acacia auriculiformis in Jianfengling and Qionghai, Hainan Island,based on field-survey carried out in 1992 and 1993.The main indices recorded in survey included height and diameter in breast height growth, stem-form,crown broadth,health conditionand some features else of plus-tree. The obtained data were processed in STAT and analyzed with method of PCA, DA and MS in order to justify which factor would play more important role in plus-tree selection. The result demonstrated that growth difference among plus-trees,the dominants and single tree of each kind would exist in some content to a significant level,and that those factors concerned growth and stem-form of tree were of minor importance.As for primary criteria for further selection, overall scores of plus-tree should exceed 52,and its H & DBH growth should be 10%～15% larger than those of the dominant and 15%～30% larger than those of the forest.
1995, 8(6): 647-650.
Abstract:
species of termite have been identified at Jianfengling natural reserve in Hainan Island. 3 species are distributed in tropical district,41 species are distributed in Orient Region. 26 species of them are of peculiar species in Hainan Island,accouting for 59.1% of the total species.11 species of them are new species, accounting for 25% of the total species in Jianfengling. 36 species of termite have been collected in tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest because its air temperature is high.
species of termite have been identified at Jianfengling natural reserve in Hainan Island. 3 species are distributed in tropical district,41 species are distributed in Orient Region. 26 species of them are of peculiar species in Hainan Island,accouting for 59.1% of the total species.11 species of them are new species, accounting for 25% of the total species in Jianfengling. 36 species of termite have been collected in tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest because its air temperature is high.
1995, 8(6): 651-657.
Abstract:
Through two year's observation, it was found out that no trees ever withered or died in the young Eucapytus manldnlensis×Tophroria candida plantation when the mean precipitation was 17% less than that of the normal years. Even if in the driest season from March to May,soil water content could meet the need of the young trees, In terms of water input loss, the loss of crown-intercepting water amounts to 10% of the total precipitation,while surface run-off only 3%. In the dry and hot river valley areas where there is no subterranean water available and rainfall is the only water source,afforestation and plant vegetation recovery should aim at obtaining the most water input.
Through two year's observation, it was found out that no trees ever withered or died in the young Eucapytus manldnlensis×Tophroria candida plantation when the mean precipitation was 17% less than that of the normal years. Even if in the driest season from March to May,soil water content could meet the need of the young trees, In terms of water input loss, the loss of crown-intercepting water amounts to 10% of the total precipitation,while surface run-off only 3%. In the dry and hot river valley areas where there is no subterranean water available and rainfall is the only water source,afforestation and plant vegetation recovery should aim at obtaining the most water input.
1995, 8(6): 658-659.
Abstract:
This paper deals with a new species of the genus Paramyronides collected from Yunnan Province, China,The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica and Beijing Forestry University. All the measurements are in millimetres. Paramyrondes yunnanensis sp. nov.(fig 1-1～3)This new species resembles P.porus but differs from the latter in the following characters:fore wings absent,posterior margin of anal segment emarginate deeply,its posterior lateral lobes pointed,straight and distant from each other.Body 80. 3; pronotum 3. 2; mesonotum 19. 4; metanotum(with median segment)10.2;median segment 2.8;fore femur 25.0;middle femur 18.0;hind femur 24.5.Female:unknown.Holotype ♂,paratype 1 ♂,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,Sep.9, 16, 1993,collectedby Yang Longlong and Cheng Xinyao.
This paper deals with a new species of the genus Paramyronides collected from Yunnan Province, China,The type specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology,Academia Sinica and Beijing Forestry University. All the measurements are in millimetres. Paramyrondes yunnanensis sp. nov.(fig 1-1～3)This new species resembles P.porus but differs from the latter in the following characters:fore wings absent,posterior margin of anal segment emarginate deeply,its posterior lateral lobes pointed,straight and distant from each other.Body 80. 3; pronotum 3. 2; mesonotum 19. 4; metanotum(with median segment)10.2;median segment 2.8;fore femur 25.0;middle femur 18.0;hind femur 24.5.Female:unknown.Holotype ♂,paratype 1 ♂,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,Sep.9, 16, 1993,collectedby Yang Longlong and Cheng Xinyao.
1995, 8(6): 660-664.
Abstract:
In the old-growth Larix gmelini forests, natural seedlings and their microhabitat were studied by using line transect method.The quadrats, in which the number of seedlings and habitat variate were measured,were set up along the line.The results show that forest floor plays the most important role,shrub layer the second,and light the last. As for the forest floor,the litter, root layer and mosses occupy a remarkable position. The litter inhibites the mosses developrnent.The major factors that inhibit natural regeneration were grasses in L. gmelini-Betula fruticosa forest,moss thickness in L.gmelini-Alnus mandshurica forest,moss thickness and root layer in L.gmelini-Ledum palustre forest.
In the old-growth Larix gmelini forests, natural seedlings and their microhabitat were studied by using line transect method.The quadrats, in which the number of seedlings and habitat variate were measured,were set up along the line.The results show that forest floor plays the most important role,shrub layer the second,and light the last. As for the forest floor,the litter, root layer and mosses occupy a remarkable position. The litter inhibites the mosses developrnent.The major factors that inhibit natural regeneration were grasses in L. gmelini-Betula fruticosa forest,moss thickness in L.gmelini-Alnus mandshurica forest,moss thickness and root layer in L.gmelini-Ledum palustre forest.
1995, 8(6): 665-670.
Abstract:
This paper reports the preliminary results of species/provenance trials established in Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian Provinces in southern China in 1992,with 4 tropical pine species and 21 provenances which were introduced from Central America. It was found that all the species appeared to be adaptable to the local ecological conditions and significant differences existed in growth rates between and within species. Tree heights of Pinus patula var. tecunumanii,P. oocarpa,P. maximinoii and P. patula were ranked in descending order,reaching 1.62 m,1.51 m,1.37 m and 1.33 m, respectively, at 18-month age. All the four species were 5%～28% faster in height growth than a local land-race of P. elliottii used as a check lot in the trials and 62%～112% higher than that of P. massoniana,an indigenous species,on a site in Fujian Province. The trials need to be further monitored before a conclusion could be made.
This paper reports the preliminary results of species/provenance trials established in Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian Provinces in southern China in 1992,with 4 tropical pine species and 21 provenances which were introduced from Central America. It was found that all the species appeared to be adaptable to the local ecological conditions and significant differences existed in growth rates between and within species. Tree heights of Pinus patula var. tecunumanii,P. oocarpa,P. maximinoii and P. patula were ranked in descending order,reaching 1.62 m,1.51 m,1.37 m and 1.33 m, respectively, at 18-month age. All the four species were 5%～28% faster in height growth than a local land-race of P. elliottii used as a check lot in the trials and 62%～112% higher than that of P. massoniana,an indigenous species,on a site in Fujian Province. The trials need to be further monitored before a conclusion could be made.
1995, 8(6): 671-676.
Abstract:
Analysis was conducted on genetic variation with 7 factors of the growth and wood properties for 10 families of slash pine which were introduced from Zimbabwe and planted in Nanning Prefecture Forest Research Institute(Guangxi)10 years ago. The results are as follows:(1)each factor of the growth and wood property of slash pine has a heritability ranging from 0.48 to 0.78 and there is a significant difference among families, especially the most significant difference was found among families related to the factors of tracheid length,whole height and volurne index respectively with a potential to be more genetically improved;(2)for slash pine,basic density has a moderate,positive correlation with latewood percentage,and has a weak.negative correlation with tracheid length.both phenotypically and genetically.Weak and negative phenotypic and genetic correlation was found between latewood percentage and tracheid length. Among growth factors, the most significant positive phenotypic,and genetic correlation were found. Both the basic density and latewood percentage are weakly,positively and genetically correlated with each growth factor. Weak negative phenotypit correlation and the most significant negative genatic correlation were found between tracheid length and eath growth fdctor;(3)whole height can make good indirect selection for the wood properties of slash pine.
Analysis was conducted on genetic variation with 7 factors of the growth and wood properties for 10 families of slash pine which were introduced from Zimbabwe and planted in Nanning Prefecture Forest Research Institute(Guangxi)10 years ago. The results are as follows:(1)each factor of the growth and wood property of slash pine has a heritability ranging from 0.48 to 0.78 and there is a significant difference among families, especially the most significant difference was found among families related to the factors of tracheid length,whole height and volurne index respectively with a potential to be more genetically improved;(2)for slash pine,basic density has a moderate,positive correlation with latewood percentage,and has a weak.negative correlation with tracheid length.both phenotypically and genetically.Weak and negative phenotypic and genetic correlation was found between latewood percentage and tracheid length. Among growth factors, the most significant positive phenotypic,and genetic correlation were found. Both the basic density and latewood percentage are weakly,positively and genetically correlated with each growth factor. Weak negative phenotypit correlation and the most significant negative genatic correlation were found between tracheid length and eath growth fdctor;(3)whole height can make good indirect selection for the wood properties of slash pine.
1995, 8(6): 677-681.
Abstract:
Ormosia pinnata is a fast growing ever-green tropical tree species with moderate tolerance to resist typhoon and low temperature(-2℃). It is characterized by good shape, gaily colored tender leaves and dense shade in summer time, which make it widespreading in planting in southern China for ornamental purposes. It provides people with different artistic conceptions when it is planted in different patterns and densities.
Ormosia pinnata is a fast growing ever-green tropical tree species with moderate tolerance to resist typhoon and low temperature(-2℃). It is characterized by good shape, gaily colored tender leaves and dense shade in summer time, which make it widespreading in planting in southern China for ornamental purposes. It provides people with different artistic conceptions when it is planted in different patterns and densities.
1995, 8(6): 682-686.
Abstract:
Based on the measurement of the amount of egg deposition of Ceracris kiangsu and observations on its landing locations,traces of eggs left on the ground after predation by birds and the damage symptoms of the branches on the lower part of the culm's tip,it's easy to guickly and accurately distinguish its concentrated egg deposition localities. Based on the damage degree of the bamboo leaves,a table for checking egg densities was established,which can be used for forecasting the occurrence and damage degree of this insect in the following year.
Based on the measurement of the amount of egg deposition of Ceracris kiangsu and observations on its landing locations,traces of eggs left on the ground after predation by birds and the damage symptoms of the branches on the lower part of the culm's tip,it's easy to guickly and accurately distinguish its concentrated egg deposition localities. Based on the damage degree of the bamboo leaves,a table for checking egg densities was established,which can be used for forecasting the occurrence and damage degree of this insect in the following year.
1995, 8(6): 689-691.
Abstract:
In this paper,a general structure of expert system based on the Artificial Neural Network was put forward for forest disaster monitoring. The structure of Artificial Neural Network and its sample description were discussed,and the sample points should be selected according to the statistical regularity of NOAA data.The differences between the functions with different transfer in the neural network structure were also discussed.It has been proved by a practical case that there was a good approximation and convergence when using H transfer function in the structure.
In this paper,a general structure of expert system based on the Artificial Neural Network was put forward for forest disaster monitoring. The structure of Artificial Neural Network and its sample description were discussed,and the sample points should be selected according to the statistical regularity of NOAA data.The differences between the functions with different transfer in the neural network structure were also discussed.It has been proved by a practical case that there was a good approximation and convergence when using H transfer function in the structure.
1995, 8(6): 692-693.
Abstract:
A simple and modified procedure to extract the total DNA from leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata is presented.The molecular weight of DNA extraction is higher(more than 30 kb).Digestion with the endonuclease enzyme Hind Ⅲ is complete,which indicated the feasiability of this procedure in RFLP analysis in Cunninghamia lanceolata.
A simple and modified procedure to extract the total DNA from leaves of Cunninghamia lanceolata is presented.The molecular weight of DNA extraction is higher(more than 30 kb).Digestion with the endonuclease enzyme Hind Ⅲ is complete,which indicated the feasiability of this procedure in RFLP analysis in Cunninghamia lanceolata.
1995, 8(6): 694-697.
Abstract:
The incidence of Armillaria root rot was quantified based on temperature,rainfall,and soil moisture in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations. The results showed that the disease incidence decreased with the increase of temperature,and increased with the increase of rainfall and soil moisture. A linear multiple regression model that predicts infection levels of Armillaria root rot was derived:Y=-0.8-1.5T1+15.1R1+43.2L1+11.1L2. This model might give a clue for the disease control.
The incidence of Armillaria root rot was quantified based on temperature,rainfall,and soil moisture in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations. The results showed that the disease incidence decreased with the increase of temperature,and increased with the increase of rainfall and soil moisture. A linear multiple regression model that predicts infection levels of Armillaria root rot was derived:Y=-0.8-1.5T1+15.1R1+43.2L1+11.1L2. This model might give a clue for the disease control.
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