1996 Vol. 9, No. 1
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1996, 9(1): 1-6.
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Abstract:
Using paulownia witches’broom MLO extracted and concerntrated from infected paulownia tissue culture plantlets by differential and discontinuous Percoll density centrifugation as antigen,the antiserum was produced.After the absorption with healthy paulownia extract,the antiserum could effectively detect paulownia witches’broom MLO in different tissues of infected plants with FITC Iabelled sheep-anti-rabbit IgG by indirect immunofluoresence microscopy. Compared with DAPI staining test,a more specific,sensitive and handy method for detecting MLO was developed,which would facilitate the detection of MLO in situ,identification of MLO strains and the diagnosis of plant diseases associated with MLOs.
Using paulownia witches’broom MLO extracted and concerntrated from infected paulownia tissue culture plantlets by differential and discontinuous Percoll density centrifugation as antigen,the antiserum was produced.After the absorption with healthy paulownia extract,the antiserum could effectively detect paulownia witches’broom MLO in different tissues of infected plants with FITC Iabelled sheep-anti-rabbit IgG by indirect immunofluoresence microscopy. Compared with DAPI staining test,a more specific,sensitive and handy method for detecting MLO was developed,which would facilitate the detection of MLO in situ,identification of MLO strains and the diagnosis of plant diseases associated with MLOs.
1996, 9(1): 7-14.
Abstract:
Nine characters of teak provenances from India,Thailand,Nigeria at 11 years old are evaluated according to a method of aggregated genetic value which has been used in the evaluation of an international series of teak provenance trials. The results show that there are sighificant or highly significant differences among provenances in 9 characters of growth,quality and viability except for survival rate. The great relevance between juvenile and aged tree of teak indicate that it is potential to make evaluation on the characters of provenance of teak and selection of superior trees at the seedling stage.The superior provenances selected are No. 3071,3074,3070 and 3072.Their volume growth,quality and viability can be heritable highly. Provenance 3071 is the best.
Nine characters of teak provenances from India,Thailand,Nigeria at 11 years old are evaluated according to a method of aggregated genetic value which has been used in the evaluation of an international series of teak provenance trials. The results show that there are sighificant or highly significant differences among provenances in 9 characters of growth,quality and viability except for survival rate. The great relevance between juvenile and aged tree of teak indicate that it is potential to make evaluation on the characters of provenance of teak and selection of superior trees at the seedling stage.The superior provenances selected are No. 3071,3074,3070 and 3072.Their volume growth,quality and viability can be heritable highly. Provenance 3071 is the best.
1996, 9(1): 15-20.
Abstract:
Protoplasts were isolated from the mycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum. To obtain high yield of protoplast,it was very effective to pretreat the mycelium with trypsin(20μg·mL-1 for 1h)and tlien incubated the mycelium in the mixture containing the lytic enzymes with 0.8M sorbitol as the osmotic stabilizer. The effects of different combination of lytic enzymes,density of mycelium in incubation and incubation temperature on the yield of protoplast were investigated.In MMNSO and MMNKCl solid(2%agar)or liquid medium,the protoplasts were regenerated and reversed into normal hyphae. Regeneration rate of protoplast was about 1%～5%.Test of specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and mannitol dehydrogenase indicated that there was a similar activity in protoplast as compared with that in mycelium.
Protoplasts were isolated from the mycorrhizal fungus Cenococcum geophilum. To obtain high yield of protoplast,it was very effective to pretreat the mycelium with trypsin(20μg·mL-1 for 1h)and tlien incubated the mycelium in the mixture containing the lytic enzymes with 0.8M sorbitol as the osmotic stabilizer. The effects of different combination of lytic enzymes,density of mycelium in incubation and incubation temperature on the yield of protoplast were investigated.In MMNSO and MMNKCl solid(2%agar)or liquid medium,the protoplasts were regenerated and reversed into normal hyphae. Regeneration rate of protoplast was about 1%～5%.Test of specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and mannitol dehydrogenase indicated that there was a similar activity in protoplast as compared with that in mycelium.
1996, 9(1): 21-26.
Abstract:
A comparison was made on the adaptability,biomass,drough-tolerance,forage composition and nutritive values between 5 psammophyte shrub species and the traditional forage shrub and forage grass species in Wulanbuhe Desert.he results showed that therewere sigriificant differences in height growth and above-ground growth between Hedysaru mscoparium,Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum arborescens of different production areas;the above-ground biomass of both ,C.arborescens and H.fruticosum var. monglicum were lower than that of the control(Tamarix ramosissima)by 10.69%and 18.87%,but that of H.scorparium,H.ammodendron and Caragana korshinskii was higher than that of the control by 16.98%,27 04% and 2.64% respectively.The drought tolerance of the selected 5 tree species was higher than that of Populus gansuensis and P.simonii,and the coarse fat,coarse fibre and non-nitrogen exudate of their leaves were higher than those of poplar,willow and ulmus. Their forage composition and nutritive values were also higher than those of the traditional forage crops,so the cultivation of psammophyte shrub species is reliable method to develop animal husbandry.
A comparison was made on the adaptability,biomass,drough-tolerance,forage composition and nutritive values between 5 psammophyte shrub species and the traditional forage shrub and forage grass species in Wulanbuhe Desert.he results showed that therewere sigriificant differences in height growth and above-ground growth between Hedysaru mscoparium,Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum arborescens of different production areas;the above-ground biomass of both ,C.arborescens and H.fruticosum var. monglicum were lower than that of the control(Tamarix ramosissima)by 10.69%and 18.87%,but that of H.scorparium,H.ammodendron and Caragana korshinskii was higher than that of the control by 16.98%,27 04% and 2.64% respectively.The drought tolerance of the selected 5 tree species was higher than that of Populus gansuensis and P.simonii,and the coarse fat,coarse fibre and non-nitrogen exudate of their leaves were higher than those of poplar,willow and ulmus. Their forage composition and nutritive values were also higher than those of the traditional forage crops,so the cultivation of psammophyte shrub species is reliable method to develop animal husbandry.
1996, 9(1): 27-31.
Abstract:
Content of soluble tannin,development of tannin,and parenchymatous cells in three different type fruits of persimmon were studied.Results showed that pollination constant non-astringent(PCNA)type fruits removed astringency in the early stage of fruit development,whereas pollination variation non-astringent(PVNA)ones did it at pre-mature time. Natural removal of PCNA type fruits referred to constant development of parenchymatous cells and cease of enlargement of tannin cells which resulted in the decrease of relative area occupied by tannin cells. In contrast with PCNA type,PCNA type remove its abtringency by coagulation of tannin cells before ripeness. These mechanisms were not present in astringent fruits of persimmon. The courses of cell development and astringency renioval was earlier in Hangzhou area than that in provenance.
Content of soluble tannin,development of tannin,and parenchymatous cells in three different type fruits of persimmon were studied.Results showed that pollination constant non-astringent(PCNA)type fruits removed astringency in the early stage of fruit development,whereas pollination variation non-astringent(PVNA)ones did it at pre-mature time. Natural removal of PCNA type fruits referred to constant development of parenchymatous cells and cease of enlargement of tannin cells which resulted in the decrease of relative area occupied by tannin cells. In contrast with PCNA type,PCNA type remove its abtringency by coagulation of tannin cells before ripeness. These mechanisms were not present in astringent fruits of persimmon. The courses of cell development and astringency renioval was earlier in Hangzhou area than that in provenance.
1996, 9(1): 32-36.
Abstract:
A factorial crossing design with 7 males(P.suaveolens Fisch.of the same provenance)and 1 female(P.deltoideg‘Shan Hai Guan’)was made.Observations are concerned with phenology,growth and branch angle. The results showed there was a significant variability among most of the traits of the parents,families or cloned full-sides;but this variability was greater among parents than among families. In a broad sense,heritabilities were generally high and significant for all types of traits. Significant values were found among phenology traits,growth traits and between phenology and growth traits.
A factorial crossing design with 7 males(P.suaveolens Fisch.of the same provenance)and 1 female(P.deltoideg‘Shan Hai Guan’)was made.Observations are concerned with phenology,growth and branch angle. The results showed there was a significant variability among most of the traits of the parents,families or cloned full-sides;but this variability was greater among parents than among families. In a broad sense,heritabilities were generally high and significant for all types of traits. Significant values were found among phenology traits,growth traits and between phenology and growth traits.
1996, 9(1): 37-40.
Abstract:
A famous German biostatistician,B. Sloboda’s height growth model was introduced briefly.It is considered that the Sloboda height growth model has both an improved theorical basis and a satisfactory application effects
A famous German biostatistician,B. Sloboda’s height growth model was introduced briefly.It is considered that the Sloboda height growth model has both an improved theorical basis and a satisfactory application effects
1996, 9(1): 41-46.
Abstract:
Based on the character that varivance(v)is equal to mean(m)in Poisson distribution,a new aggregation index is presented in this paper,i.e La index(Lα=m-m/v +1).The index he can not only be used for testing insects population spatial pattern,but also represent the relationship between La and m,according to the property of Lα and m,the linear regression formula is presented,that is Lα-m model(Lα=θ+ηm).When the L-mis linear’the estimated parameter values of θ and η an offer different information con-cerning the spatial pattern of insect population. On the basis of the Lα-mmodel,a set of math formula for insects population sampling technique was derived.
Based on the character that varivance(v)is equal to mean(m)in Poisson distribution,a new aggregation index is presented in this paper,i.e La index(Lα=m-m/v +1).The index he can not only be used for testing insects population spatial pattern,but also represent the relationship between La and m,according to the property of Lα and m,the linear regression formula is presented,that is Lα-m model(Lα=θ+ηm).When the L-mis linear’the estimated parameter values of θ and η an offer different information con-cerning the spatial pattern of insect population. On the basis of the Lα-mmodel,a set of math formula for insects population sampling technique was derived.
1996, 9(1): 47-51.
Abstract:
The effect of different carbon sources on growth of Frankia isolates for Casuarina sp.was studied. For each of the three isolates,JCT287,KB5 and HFPCI3,growth was greatest on the carbon sources pyruvate;for the low carbon concentration growth was generally better than that at high carbon concentration. In addition,three cultural methods for Frankia were compared,the results showed that culture with air supplied and fermentation can increase growth of Frankia. The conditions of ferment were discussed.
The effect of different carbon sources on growth of Frankia isolates for Casuarina sp.was studied. For each of the three isolates,JCT287,KB5 and HFPCI3,growth was greatest on the carbon sources pyruvate;for the low carbon concentration growth was generally better than that at high carbon concentration. In addition,three cultural methods for Frankia were compared,the results showed that culture with air supplied and fermentation can increase growth of Frankia. The conditions of ferment were discussed.
1996, 9(1): 52-57.
Abstract:
The eurytomid wasp,Aiolomorphous rhopaloldes and the torymid,Diomorus aiolomorphi,are two dominant species of chalcid-flies infesting bamboo. Adults of A.rhopaloides emerge from mid February to mid April, but stay in the gall until late March.They lay eggs in newly-sprouted buds and a gall develops at the site of egg-layiiig as the bud develops into a new branchlet.1～3 eggs can be laid in each hud but only one larva survives.The larvae feed on internal tissue of the gall and pupate in mid September. Winter is passed as pupae in the gall and there is one generation a year. D.aiolomorphi pupate from early January to mid March.Adults emerge in late April and lay eggs in young galls developed by A.rhopaloides.Larvae of D.aiolomorphi,after hatching,kill the larvae of A.rhopaloides,occupy the gall,feed on the internal tissue and develop into maturity after November. The torymid overwinters as mature larvae in the gall.There is one generation a year.
The eurytomid wasp,Aiolomorphous rhopaloldes and the torymid,Diomorus aiolomorphi,are two dominant species of chalcid-flies infesting bamboo. Adults of A.rhopaloides emerge from mid February to mid April, but stay in the gall until late March.They lay eggs in newly-sprouted buds and a gall develops at the site of egg-layiiig as the bud develops into a new branchlet.1～3 eggs can be laid in each hud but only one larva survives.The larvae feed on internal tissue of the gall and pupate in mid September. Winter is passed as pupae in the gall and there is one generation a year. D.aiolomorphi pupate from early January to mid March.Adults emerge in late April and lay eggs in young galls developed by A.rhopaloides.Larvae of D.aiolomorphi,after hatching,kill the larvae of A.rhopaloides,occupy the gall,feed on the internal tissue and develop into maturity after November. The torymid overwinters as mature larvae in the gall.There is one generation a year.
1996, 9(1): 58-63.
Abstract:
This paper deals with quality character,safe and equilibrium moisture content equilibrium moisture content,light-inhibited germination and five storage methods of Kandelia candel hypocotyl.The results showed that process of water losing of the hypocotyl was fast,slow and fast;When moisture content reduced to 35.1%,all of the hypocotyls would lose their viability.The critical safe moisture content was 51.2%,It would be favourable for hypocotyl storage when the moisture content of hypocotyl could be controlled within 55.2%～58.3%.he lower temperature(5～8℃)storage method was the best one,by which the survival rate of hypocotyl could reach 83.3% after stored for six months,the sawdust storage was the second,by which the survive rate of hypocotyl was 70% after stored for 105 days;immersed-in-sea water,buried-in-sand and natural dry storage methods were only suitable for temporary storage(within 15 days)of collected hypocotyls.
This paper deals with quality character,safe and equilibrium moisture content equilibrium moisture content,light-inhibited germination and five storage methods of Kandelia candel hypocotyl.The results showed that process of water losing of the hypocotyl was fast,slow and fast;When moisture content reduced to 35.1%,all of the hypocotyls would lose their viability.The critical safe moisture content was 51.2%,It would be favourable for hypocotyl storage when the moisture content of hypocotyl could be controlled within 55.2%～58.3%.he lower temperature(5～8℃)storage method was the best one,by which the survival rate of hypocotyl could reach 83.3% after stored for six months,the sawdust storage was the second,by which the survive rate of hypocotyl was 70% after stored for 105 days;immersed-in-sea water,buried-in-sand and natural dry storage methods were only suitable for temporary storage(within 15 days)of collected hypocotyls.
1996, 9(1): 64-67.
Abstract:
In a survey of Lophodermium on Pinus taiwanensis from Miaodaoshan National Forest Park,6 species are identified.Among them,Lophodermium yuexiense C-1 Hou,H-s,Cao Y-r. Lin is described as a new species. L.australe and L.seditiosum are recorded for the first time on this host.Latin and Chinese descriptions of the new species is given.
In a survey of Lophodermium on Pinus taiwanensis from Miaodaoshan National Forest Park,6 species are identified.Among them,Lophodermium yuexiense C-1 Hou,H-s,Cao Y-r. Lin is described as a new species. L.australe and L.seditiosum are recorded for the first time on this host.Latin and Chinese descriptions of the new species is given.
1996, 9(1): 68-74.
Abstract:
According to the data of 290 oriented plots and 580 analysis trees(both average and dominated ones)from plantation of Pinus massoniana in 21 counties of Zhejiang Province,and the revised Richards function is selected as a mathematical model.The domination and average height and DBH of the growing process have been simulated by the imitated equations which calculated through Marquardt repeat replacement method The Multiformed site index and Growth Processing Tables have been established.A series of form coefficients are introduced into the equations(such as B1,B2 etc.).So they have fine simulating effect to the different formed growth curves of the species in different region of the province.The statistical tests shows:the complex relative coefficients are all higher than 0.99 and the remainder S. D. are 0.1～0.3 in the the province or its three productive regions(Ⅰ2、Ⅱ and Ⅲ mdegree regions,each contained 90～100 plots);In addition the relationship between the density per unit area of standard stand(density of the crop is 1.0)and DBH is simulated according to the theory of Reineke(1933)on full density of stocking and the function of N=Csub>0+Csub>1/(Csub>2+D)has been used.At last,the growing process table of the species in Zhejiang is established.
According to the data of 290 oriented plots and 580 analysis trees(both average and dominated ones)from plantation of Pinus massoniana in 21 counties of Zhejiang Province,and the revised Richards function is selected as a mathematical model.The domination and average height and DBH of the growing process have been simulated by the imitated equations which calculated through Marquardt repeat replacement method The Multiformed site index and Growth Processing Tables have been established.A series of form coefficients are introduced into the equations(such as B1,B2 etc.).So they have fine simulating effect to the different formed growth curves of the species in different region of the province.The statistical tests shows:the complex relative coefficients are all higher than 0.99 and the remainder S. D. are 0.1～0.3 in the the province or its three productive regions(Ⅰ2、Ⅱ and Ⅲ mdegree regions,each contained 90～100 plots);In addition the relationship between the density per unit area of standard stand(density of the crop is 1.0)and DBH is simulated according to the theory of Reineke(1933)on full density of stocking and the function of N=Csub>0+Csub>1/(Csub>2+D)has been used.At last,the growing process table of the species in Zhejiang is established.
1996, 9(1): 75-79.
Abstract:
Algorithms for the selection of point,line and polygon are studied respectively in this paper. In the selection of a point,absolute distance between two points are used instead of the commonly used square root distance,and higher efficiency is achieved.For the selection of a line,a new distance between a point and a curve is defined,and higher efficiency is also achieved.In order to raise the efficiency of polygon selection,some improvements have been made to the“semiline”method which is used to judge whether a point is inside a polygon,and a new algorithm which needs less computation.
Algorithms for the selection of point,line and polygon are studied respectively in this paper. In the selection of a point,absolute distance between two points are used instead of the commonly used square root distance,and higher efficiency is achieved.For the selection of a line,a new distance between a point and a curve is defined,and higher efficiency is also achieved.In order to raise the efficiency of polygon selection,some improvements have been made to the“semiline”method which is used to judge whether a point is inside a polygon,and a new algorithm which needs less computation.
1996, 9(1): 80-86.
Abstract:
Current poplar breeding practices pose severaltheoretical problems concerning poplar heredity and breeding:(1)the poplar breeding target and the parallelism of crossed genetic variation;(2)genetic analysis has demonstrated that reciprocal recurrent selection is a valid procedure for poplar breeding;(3)backcrossing promotes egg and pollen fertility of offspring and overcomes hybrid sterity and the die young of offspring.
Current poplar breeding practices pose severaltheoretical problems concerning poplar heredity and breeding:(1)the poplar breeding target and the parallelism of crossed genetic variation;(2)genetic analysis has demonstrated that reciprocal recurrent selection is a valid procedure for poplar breeding;(3)backcrossing promotes egg and pollen fertility of offspring and overcomes hybrid sterity and the die young of offspring.
1996, 9(1): 87-91.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the rearing of horned gall aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis. The analysis on the major technical and economic indices for rearing the aphid has demonstrated that this set of technique is promising.
This paper deals with the rearing of horned gall aphid,Schlechtendalia chinensis. The analysis on the major technical and economic indices for rearing the aphid has demonstrated that this set of technique is promising.
1996, 9(1): 92-96.
Abstract:
This paper analysed the interaction between genotype and environment for the 19 Populus × euramericana clones in a regional test.Their growth adaptability and genotypic stability have been evaluted by using 8 statistics. The regression coefficient(b)and deviation from regression meansquare(Sd2)of Eberhart-Russei model,the structural analysis parameters αi and λi of Tai model,the Ecovalence(W) of Wricke,the variarice of stability of Shulka and nonparametric measures of Nassar-Huhn wre used. The correlations among statistics of adaptability are highly significant and the correlations among statistics of stabilty are highly significant too. The correlation among statistics of adaptability and statistics of stability are negative correlation or unsignificant.Their application regions were predicted acccording to the statistics of adaptability and stability and the effect of G×E. A number of 10 super clones bave been selected.
This paper analysed the interaction between genotype and environment for the 19 Populus × euramericana clones in a regional test.Their growth adaptability and genotypic stability have been evaluted by using 8 statistics. The regression coefficient(b)and deviation from regression meansquare(Sd2)of Eberhart-Russei model,the structural analysis parameters αi and λi of Tai model,the Ecovalence(W) of Wricke,the variarice of stability of Shulka and nonparametric measures of Nassar-Huhn wre used. The correlations among statistics of adaptability are highly significant and the correlations among statistics of stabilty are highly significant too. The correlation among statistics of adaptability and statistics of stability are negative correlation or unsignificant.Their application regions were predicted acccording to the statistics of adaptability and stability and the effect of G×E. A number of 10 super clones bave been selected.
1996, 9(1): 97-100.
Abstract:
The anthracnose of Chnese fir which infected needles and tender shoots of the tree was a serious disease in young stands of 6～10 years old in Wenchuan. The disease was caused by Glomerrlla cingulata(Stonem.)S. et S.,and the height and diameter growth of the infected young trees were decreased by 28.6%and 32.1% respectively. The seasonal epidemic began in April,reaching its peak in June when the conditions were most favorable for the disease development,and gradually ceased in October. Several preventive measures can be taken before May,including the application of fungicides of Daconil,Mildothane and fertilization along with improved management.The treated trees increased their height and diameter growth by 38.8% and 23.8% respectively,and totally in 8 years of treatment,10 130 m3 of wood,otherwise lost,was regained.
The anthracnose of Chnese fir which infected needles and tender shoots of the tree was a serious disease in young stands of 6～10 years old in Wenchuan. The disease was caused by Glomerrlla cingulata(Stonem.)S. et S.,and the height and diameter growth of the infected young trees were decreased by 28.6%and 32.1% respectively. The seasonal epidemic began in April,reaching its peak in June when the conditions were most favorable for the disease development,and gradually ceased in October. Several preventive measures can be taken before May,including the application of fungicides of Daconil,Mildothane and fertilization along with improved management.The treated trees increased their height and diameter growth by 38.8% and 23.8% respectively,and totally in 8 years of treatment,10 130 m3 of wood,otherwise lost,was regained.
1996, 9(1): 101-104.
Abstract:
A comparison experiment on the use of both normal and freezing-injured Chinese fir seedlings for cultivation was made. The result showed that the growth of the young stand,which was cultivated with freezing-injured seedlings,was not as good as the young stand,which was cultivated with normal ones in the first and second year,but they tended to be normal in the third year. In the sixth year,both of their growth speeds were synchronous.There was no significant difference between their tree height and DBH;There was obvious hereditary superiority in seedlings of different fine provenances,especially the fine provenance of Guizhou Jinping,which possessed the characteristics of fast-growing high wood quality and wide adaptability.
A comparison experiment on the use of both normal and freezing-injured Chinese fir seedlings for cultivation was made. The result showed that the growth of the young stand,which was cultivated with freezing-injured seedlings,was not as good as the young stand,which was cultivated with normal ones in the first and second year,but they tended to be normal in the third year. In the sixth year,both of their growth speeds were synchronous.There was no significant difference between their tree height and DBH;There was obvious hereditary superiority in seedlings of different fine provenances,especially the fine provenance of Guizhou Jinping,which possessed the characteristics of fast-growing high wood quality and wide adaptability.
1996, 9(1): 105-108.
Abstract:
sample plots of Cunninghamia lanceolata stands withvarious site type,age and density,at an elevation of 200～800 m in Jinhua of Zhejiang Province were measured.Taking the highest-production of increment as a goal and screening 42 sample plots as rational density sample plots for regressive analysis through comparison,the mathematical model among mean DBH(D),density(N)and age of stand(A):D=0.458 6 1n(1 500 A/N)-2.769 4 and the mathematical model among mean DBH(D),relative site class(Ps)and age of stand(A):D=2.842 5+0.6970 Ps×A was established.In the condition of different site type and age of stand,the mathematical model among rational stand density of highest-production of increment(N),DBH(D),relative site class(Ps)and age of stand(A)were presented as follows:N=4320.18-161.25 D-46.43 In Ps×A;N-4232.25-164.1 D.Using these models,the rational stand density,interval of intermediate cutting,growing stock etc. can be worked out.
sample plots of Cunninghamia lanceolata stands withvarious site type,age and density,at an elevation of 200～800 m in Jinhua of Zhejiang Province were measured.Taking the highest-production of increment as a goal and screening 42 sample plots as rational density sample plots for regressive analysis through comparison,the mathematical model among mean DBH(D),density(N)and age of stand(A):D=0.458 6 1n(1 500 A/N)-2.769 4 and the mathematical model among mean DBH(D),relative site class(Ps)and age of stand(A):D=2.842 5+0.6970 Ps×A was established.In the condition of different site type and age of stand,the mathematical model among rational stand density of highest-production of increment(N),DBH(D),relative site class(Ps)and age of stand(A)were presented as follows:N=4320.18-161.25 D-46.43 In Ps×A;N-4232.25-164.1 D.Using these models,the rational stand density,interval of intermediate cutting,growing stock etc. can be worked out.
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