• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

1996 Vol. 9, No. 5

Display Method:
Study on Water Efficiency of Agroforestry
Men Ping, Song Zhaomin, Zhang Jinsong, Lu Guangming
1996, 9(5): 443-448.
Abstract:
This paper,applying the principle of water balance and soil water dynamics, studies the water efficiency of agroforestry such as,that of tree herbage+husbandry pattern, shelternet-paulownia+crop intercropping pattern and shelternet-pear+crop intercropping pattern. The results show that: (1)In the tree-herbage+husbandry pattern,the tree could intercept the precipitation,but the interception amount is less than 10% of the whole year′s precipitation, so the interception could not bring promising effect to the herbage under the trees. (2)The shelternet-paulownia+ crop intercropping pattern could reduce 12.0% of field evapo transpiration. (3)In the shelternet-pear+crop intercropping pattern,the soil water content at 0~40 cm depth is about 14.0% more than that of the control spot,which is helpful to wheat′s filling.
Research on the Use of TM Image Instead of Aerial Photo in Forest Management Inventory
Yuan Kaixian, Bao Yingzhi, Fan Jinfu
1996, 9(5): 449-454.
Abstract:
This paper introduced the experimental method and results of using TM data instead of aerial photo to do the forest division.Sketching on the spot,calulation of area and estimation of stand factors in subcompartment.The results shows that using 1:50 000 TM image instead of aerial photo to do these items mentioned above can fully meet the need of the operation rules in forest management inventory,except the estimation of stand factors in subcompartment.Both the laboratory work and traditional inventory were carried out at the same time,in two Forestry Bureaus in Inner Mongolia.
Multitraits Selection of Loblolly Pine Families for Pulpwood
Jiang Jingmin, Sun Haiqing, Liu Zhaoxi
1996, 9(5): 455-460.
Abstract:
Estimates of genetic parameters and correlation analyses are presented for growth,wood properties and form traits of a 6-years-old open polleinated progeny test of P.taeda.There are very significant differences in stem height,and wood basic density between families and with higher family heritabilities and in stem diameter,volume,bole biomass and fiber length, there are moderate heritabilities.As for stem straightness,branch angle and diameter no difference has been found. Bole biomass have strong genetic correlation with growth traits and weak correlation with basic density,and adverse correlation with fiber length. Take pulpwood production as the breeding goal,the comparison of several multiple trait index selections showed that the index should be incorporating bole biomass and basic density and placing more emphasis upon biomass is more ideal. Five elite families have been selected according to the index.
Studies on Reproductive Law and Precocity and Prolificacy of Non-astringent Persimmon
Wang Jinfeng, Gong Bangchu, Wu Kaiyun, Fei Xueqian
1996, 9(5): 461-468.
Abstract:
The non-astringent persimmon cultivar germplasm bank, including 13 pollination constant non-astringent(PCNA) and 7 pollination variant non-astringent(PVNA) cultivars introduced from Japan and the local non-astringent persimmon cultivar(Luo Tian),has been established since 1987. The biological features and economic traits of fruit crop for the 20 non-astringent persimmon cultivars were investigated. The lzu(early ripening),Jirou(medium maturity),Fuyu and Suruga(late maturity)are larger in fruit size amongst PCNA cultivars. Nishimura is the earliest in fruit maturity and Shougatsu latest in maturity with the largest size fruit in PVNA cultivars. The experimental orchard,densely planted and intensively managed,began to bear fruits 2 years after planting,and produced desirable yield in the third year and reached the highest yield record of 14 987.10 kg/hm2 in the fifth to seventh year.
Simulating Diameter Structure:A Comparison of Nonparametric Kernel Method,Histogram Method and Diameter List Method
Wang Xuefeng, Tang Shouzheng
1996, 9(5): 469-474.
Abstract:
The population diameter structure can well be described by using nonparametric kernel method based on the sample data without assuming the population diameter distribution. The results of the computer simulation have showed that nonparametric kernel method is better than both histogram method and diameter list method in obtaining the population diameter structure.
Cold Tolerance Variation of Populus cathayana Clones from Different Populations
Yang Zixiang, Wang Shouzhong, Han Yulan
1996, 9(5): 475-480.
Abstract:
This article expounded the cold tolerance of 21 populations of Populus cathayana clones,which was measured by conductimetry method. The samples collected for the experiment were one-year-old dormant shoots of three-year-old trees which came from 17 individuals of each populations. Differences were found among individuals within the same populations,but the differences among populations were significant. Cold tolerance among populations correlated with latitude positively. The dormant time and budbreak time were also investigated and it showed that the dormant time and budbreak time correlated positively with latitude,which demonstrated that the early frost tolerance in late autumn,cold tolerance in winter and late frost tolerance in early spring of each populations were the result of adapting the ecological factors of origin places.
Study on Population Dynamics of Neodiprion xiangyunensis
Zhang Zhen, Zhou Shuzhi, Wang Hongbin
1996, 9(5): 481-485.
Abstract:
Studies in 1992~1995 show that the key factor influencing the population dynamics of Neodiprion xiangyunensis is its mortality in pupal stage,i.e.the function of natural enemies. The larvae can give off a substance called “altruism hormone” to prevent themselves from preying by predators,so there is scarcely any influence of predation on its population. The main factor influence the motality of larvae is temperature. Usually the higher the altitude,the higher the mortality,but when at the same altitude,the motality in sunny orientation is greater than that in shady orientation. Due to its feeding habits and high resistance to the natural enemies,the pest can cause great damages within several years once occurred.
A Volume Table for Hevea brasiliensis in Leizhou Peninsular
Zhou Zaizhi, Zheng Haishui, Yin Guangtian, Yang Zengjiang, Chen Kangtai
1996, 9(5): 486-491.
Abstract:
Volume data of 50 rubber trees were fitted by weighted Least Square Method for 16 volume equations. Furnival′s index criterion was used to select the best fit equation for overbark and underbark volume. The logarithmic equations adjusted for bias were omitted. The best and final equations used to construct the overbark (Vd) and underbark (Vq) volume tables are Vd =3.8×10-5D2H-0.000 063,and Vq =3.1×10-5D2H-0.000 102. The equations could be used to estimate the aggregate standing volume satisfactorily.
Study on the Effect of Fertilization on the Growth of P.×euramericana in Reclaimed Area by Coal Ash
Wang Shiji, Liu Yarong, Liu Jianwei, Zhang Jianguo, Leng Guoyou, Zhou Shuli
1996, 9(5): 492-497.
Abstract:
Study on the effect of fertilization on the growth of juvenile plantation of P.×euramericana in reclaimed area by coal ash was conducted. The results show:(1)Both the effect of applying N、P、K and green manure are significant,comparatively speaking,the effect of application of N and green manure is better than that of applying P、K,the reason why the effect of fertilization is good is that the nutritional elements in this kind of soil is very poor. (2)If the fertilization continued in 4 successive years,the best effect appeared in the current year of cultivation. If a comparison was made with control,in the 15 treatments,the tree height and DBH of the plantation in the 4th year were higher than those of the control by 47.7%~71.7% and 37.3%~71.7% respectively,which showed the effect of fertilization was significant.(3)The best scheme for fertilization is N(150 g/tree)+P(32.775 g/tree)+K(62.25 g/tree)+green manure(20 kg/tree).
Relative lmportance of GCA and SCA in Genstic Breeding of Chinese fir
Qi Ming
1996, 9(5): 498-503.
Abstract:
Two types of parents of Chinese fir with different genetic properties were adopted for mating design and field test: 9×9 half diallel cross and 6×6 complete diallel cross were made respectively. The results of the combining ability analysis indicated: when genetic test was carried out by using material Ⅱ (cross parents were rapid growth clones through evaluation and selection of GCA in growth traits), its population variances of GCA (general combining ability) σg2σs2 population variances of SCA (special combining ability). But when genetic test was carried out by using material Ⅰ (parents clones from plus tree to be studied), σg2σs2. The experimental results in different tests were opposite, which was determined by the properties of material being studied. In the field of genetic improvement of Chinese fir, additive theory (additive genetic variance plays a leading role in controlling character inheritance) and dominant theory (dominant genetic variance plays a leading role) were not contradictory, the reason causing the phenomenon was because test and selection of GCA was in a state of independence of those of SCA.
Cross Breeding in Eucalyptus
Wu Kunming, Wu Juying, Xu Jianmin, Gan Siming
1996, 9(5): 504-509.
Abstract:
Two hundred and four hybrids have been produced with controlled pollination method since 1989, of which the mother tree is Eucalyptus urophylla and the fathers are E. tereticornis, E. camaldulensis, E. exserta, E. saligna, E. grandis, E. leizhou No. 1, E. grandis ×E. urophylla and E. pellita. The phenological regimes of flowering of the parents have been summarized. The pollens stored under -18~-22℃ for 42 months after drying treatment could be kept with a germination ratio above 60%. Even trials involving 72 hybrids have been established. The results indicate that most of the hybrids have marked heterosis in volume accumulation when 3 years old. The best hybrids are tested to be E. urophylla× E. tereticornis and E. urophylla ×E. camaldulensis, with individual volume higher than that of the parents by 120.73% and 89.40% respectively.
The Comparative Study on the Relationship between the Activity of IAA Oxidase and the Rooting of Cuttings of Eucalyptus and Other Species
Huang Zhuolie, Lin Shaoxiang, Tan Shaoman, Lin Songyu, Yang Guoqing
1996, 9(5): 511-516.
Abstract:
The relationship between the activities of indole acetic acid (IAA) oxidase and the rooting of cuttings of four Eucalyptus species and Euphorbia pulcherrima, Ligustrum sinense, Carmona microphylla was investigated.It indicated that the activities of IAA oxidase in difficult to root species Eucalyptus were higher than that in easy-to-root species E. pulcherrima, L. sinense and C. microphylla. The activities of IAA oxidase in different parts of the same twigs of every species were quite different. The enzyme activity of the top parts of the twigs was the lowest.The further the parts of the twigs departing from the top, the higher the enzyme activities. The enzyme activities were different in each season and each species. Each species had its own regular pattern. The enzyme activities in the cuttings of each species tended to be higher after inserting.
A Study on Basic Wood Property of Juvenile Population in Ussuri Poplar
Zhang Lifei, Jiang Xiaomei, Su Xiaohua, Zhang Qiwen, Yu Chunjuan
1996, 9(5): 517-520.
Abstract:
Among 8 juvenile populations and 10 individuals within 1 juvenile population were collected from Heilongjiang and Jilin Provinces.In this paper,the fiber length,fiber width and basic density were studied,the analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences.The broad-sense heritabilities were fiber length (0.225) and basic density (0.217) among 8 populations and fiber length(0.475) and basic density (0.345) within 1 population. 3 fine populations and 4 fine individuals of a population have been selected.A significant positive at 0.05 level were exhibited between wood density and latitude.The relation between fiber length and latitude was lower.
Studies on Resistance of Pine Species and Masson Pine Provenances to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the Epidemic Law of the Nematode in Nanjing
Xu Fuyuan, Ge Minghong, Zhu Zhenchang, Zhu Kegong
1996, 9(5): 521-524.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the studies on the resistance and resistant evaluation of the pine species: Pinus thunbergii ,P.massoniana,P.densiflora,P.taeda L., P.elliottii,P.rigida,P.echinata Mill, P.rigida var. seriotina and other 40 provenances of Masson pine,and the epidemic law of pine wood nematode(PWN),and their control treatment. The results showed that:1.There are three species of pine(P.taeda,P.echinata,P.rigida),five provenances and 3~14 year old nature stand of Masson pine resistanting to PWN;2.The first year′s high temperature resulted in the early emergence of the vector of adult Monochamus alternatus and the more rainfall limited the beetle adults′ flying and their spread,and the more concentration of their occurrence in the following year;3.The spread of the PWN has the form of point emergence immigrated from far distance,and the fact that the artificial spread along the railroad and main highway is serious,then it become widespread in the whole forest;4.Stresses should be placed on the selecting of high resistant species and provenances of pine,planting mixed forest,cutting clearly each one of the dead trees caused by PWN and fumigating them with the fumigant,and strengthening the work of quarantine.
Study on the Mortality Model of Ferest Stand
Hu Xiaolong
1996, 9(5): 525-529.
Abstract:
A mortality model was developed by the use of regression analysis combined with distribution function to estimate the forest mortality.The model was tested by the data of continuous forest inventory in Liaoning Province,and it showed that the model run very well with high accurancy and simple operation.
Technological Study on Introduction of Exogenous DNA into Pigeon Pea and Its Application in Breeding
Yi Pong, Hou Kaiwei, Zhou Jiaqi, Ma Xianda, Zhang Jianyun, Wang Fang
1996, 9(5): 530-533.
Abstract:
An experiment has been made on the introduction of general DNA extracted from soy bean into 860 flowers of pigeon pea and 620 different individuals have thus been obtained. Single selection and succession breeding have been carried out and 13 family systems of progeny of the single plants developed with remarkable mutant characteristics. And according to the protein analysis of their seeds with SDS-PAGE, IEF,it has been found that five individual plants have shown the presence of a band spectrum of soy bean protein. The seeds of these different plants have been applied to establish D2 and D3 generation groups and their germination and survival rate have got up to 95% respectively. Finally,a varied material of pigeon pea with high protein contents has been obtained in the light of analysing the components and contents of the seeds of the plant of the D3 generation. It′s protein content is 30.88%,which is much more than that of the receptor,pigeon,by 66%. And the protein contents of the other four have reached above 20%. Through breeding for third generation of D3,it has shown that the features of these varied plants are relatively stable.
A Preliminary Study on the Factors Influencing Population Density of Oracella acuta
Gu Maobin, Chen Peizhen
1996, 9(5): 534-537.
Abstract:
The trees of Pinus elliottii may have resistance to the insects of Oracella acuta Ferris and reduce the insect population density after the trees are damaged by the insect.The insect population density in the closed plantation,in the plantation on the slope with less sunlight,at the edge of a plantation,in high elevation plantation and mixed plantation is lower than the population density in the open plantation,the plantation on the slope with more sunlight,in the middle of a plantation,in low elevation plantation and pure plantation respectively.
Mineral Nutrient Experiment of Eucalyptus grandis Seedlings on Latored Soil
Zhong Chonglu
1996, 9(5): 538-543.
Abstract:
In greenhouse,16 nutrient treatments were conducted in latored soil,with Eucalyptus grandis Hillex Maiden. The 16 treatments were CK(no nutrients,control),P,N,K,NP,PK,NK,NPK,A(-NPK modified UWA stock solution),NA,PA,KA,NPA,PKA,NKA and NPKA. The results showed that there were significant differences in seedling height,diameter and biomass production between 15 nutrient treatments and control(CK);Except the height of single P treatment,all indexes(height,diameter and biomass) of the treatments with P nutrient were more than those of the treatments without P nutrient,and there were significant difference in height,diameter and biomass between the treatments with P nutrient and the treatments without P nutrient;The rates of height/diameter of treatments with P nutrient were all less than that of the control treatment,on the contrary,the rates at single N,K,A and their combined treatments were all more than that of control treatment; Based on height, diameter, biomass above ground, root biomass and total biomass,by the Multiple Objective Strategic Decision Analysis methods,16 nutrient treatments were optimized and arranged from the excellent to the poor:NPKAPKAPANPANPKPKNPPKA,NKANKKNANACK. Meanwhile,their distribution relationships among different parts of biomass were described.
Study on the Dynamics of Lost Amount of Soil and Water in Young Forest of Chinese Fir
He Guiping, Chen Yitai, Cai Hongming, Feng Jianwen, Guan Zhishan
1996, 9(5): 544-548.
Abstract:
The stationary observation on soil and water for three years in young forest of Chinese fir showed that the lost amount of soil and water and nutrient was lowered down greatly after tending and piling up soil around the level terrace and decreased with the increase of time. The yearly lost amount of soil was almost the same as the natural soil erosion amount.Lost amount of soil water and nutrient in non forested land obviously decreased with time. The nutrient concentration of the soil and water decreased with time. Lost amount of soil of non forest land is 1.72 times as that of the young forest land. The factors of effect on losses of soil and water from young forest land were analysed through applying model I of mixed quantification,and the prediction equations of lost amount of soil and water were established.
Techniques for Collecting Brood Horned-galls and Autumn Migrants
Peng Xingming
1996, 9(5): 549-551.
Abstract:
It is important to improve the utilization rate of brood horned gall and autumn migrant for raising the yield of horned gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis. It is a good time for harvesting the brood gall when the burst galls amount to about 20% of the total of the gall in the gall woodland. And the best way of collecting the migrant is reported in this paper.
The Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Larvae of Chinolyda flagellicornis in Diapause and Its Sampling Techniques
Zheng Yongxiang, Cui Xiangfu, Wu Daosheng, Yang Shengli, Chen Huihua
1996, 9(5): 552-556.
Abstract:
Based on the Kuno index,aggregate index (I),m*/x index,spreading index (Iδ) and α,β value,the spatial distribution patterns of the larvae in diapause of Chinolyda flagellicornis was established.The result indicated that its spatial distribution patterns belonged to the aggregated distribution.Its basic component of the distribution is the individual group.Based on the distribution,the sampling formula has been established.Its vertical distribution was also analysed.
Studies on Yield Gains of a New Growth Regulator 83008-1 for Mulberry
Fan Ruwen, Ding Yulong, Zhou Jian
1996, 9(5): 557-560.
Abstract:
The mulberry leaves were sprayed by 83008-1 and GA3 of 50ppm 10 and 20 d respectively before picking.The results showed that in the 83008-1 group,leaf weight increased by 10.20%; Leaf number and thickness of palisade tissue and mesophyll increased by 9.78%,4.17% and 9.05% respectively;In the GA3 group,leaf weight increased by 8.86%,and the chlorophyll content and leaf number increased by 4.84% and 4.35% respectively.The resuts indicated that there is close relationship between yield gains and the structural and physiological factors of mulberry leaf.Finally,the mechanism of yield gains was discussed.