2000 Vol. 13, No. 6
Display Method:
2000, 13(6): 569-576.
[Abstract]
[PDF 791KB]
Abstract:
A large field trial of Eucalyptus urophylla inoculated with 43 Australian ectomycorrhizal fungal isolates and 2 indigenous isolates was established at Gaoyao,Guangdong Province to ascertain their compatibility and inoculum efficacy on host growths.Measurements for tree growth were carried out at 6 and 12 months respectively after the establishing of the plantations.There was significantly difference on the increment of both height and diameter breast high between inoculated treatments and blank controls (P0.01).The increase of heights was up to 27.4% at 24 months after transplanting,and 19.3% for basal diameter.The results demonstrated that all fungal isolates could greatly enhanced the growths of E.urophylla at early stage of this research.Fungal isolates E0710 (Laccaria),H4670 (Labyrinthomyces), E4501 (Amanita),E2013 (Laccaria),C9301 (Pisolithus),H1272 (Scleroderma),H1194 (Thaxterogaster),H0603 (Scleroderma),H4011(Labyrinthomyces),H1235(Protubera) were proved to be more efficient for E.urophylla than others,and have great potential for commercial inoculation programs in southern China.The variety of effects of two inoculum types (either spore suspension or cultured mycelium) was also discussed.More attention will be put on the persistence of introduced fungal isolates in field.
A large field trial of Eucalyptus urophylla inoculated with 43 Australian ectomycorrhizal fungal isolates and 2 indigenous isolates was established at Gaoyao,Guangdong Province to ascertain their compatibility and inoculum efficacy on host growths.Measurements for tree growth were carried out at 6 and 12 months respectively after the establishing of the plantations.There was significantly difference on the increment of both height and diameter breast high between inoculated treatments and blank controls (P0.01).The increase of heights was up to 27.4% at 24 months after transplanting,and 19.3% for basal diameter.The results demonstrated that all fungal isolates could greatly enhanced the growths of E.urophylla at early stage of this research.Fungal isolates E0710 (Laccaria),H4670 (Labyrinthomyces), E4501 (Amanita),E2013 (Laccaria),C9301 (Pisolithus),H1272 (Scleroderma),H1194 (Thaxterogaster),H0603 (Scleroderma),H4011(Labyrinthomyces),H1235(Protubera) were proved to be more efficient for E.urophylla than others,and have great potential for commercial inoculation programs in southern China.The variety of effects of two inoculum types (either spore suspension or cultured mycelium) was also discussed.More attention will be put on the persistence of introduced fungal isolates in field.
2000, 13(6): 577-582.
Abstract:
The soil fertilities of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations with different generations are studied through investigating the plantations with different generations,ages and site conditions.The results showed that successive planting results in significant soil fertilities decline of different-aged plantation.As planting generation increases,soil aggregate,non-capillary pore,capillary pore,moisture capacity,maximum moisture capacity and nutrients of different aged plantations decrease,whereas the rate of structure fragmentation and volume of soil increase.The soil fertilities of Chinese fir plantations become degraded after successive planting.
The soil fertilities of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations with different generations are studied through investigating the plantations with different generations,ages and site conditions.The results showed that successive planting results in significant soil fertilities decline of different-aged plantation.As planting generation increases,soil aggregate,non-capillary pore,capillary pore,moisture capacity,maximum moisture capacity and nutrients of different aged plantations decrease,whereas the rate of structure fragmentation and volume of soil increase.The soil fertilities of Chinese fir plantations become degraded after successive planting.
2000, 13(6): 583-588.
Abstract:
The bionomics of the leaf feeding puss moth, Norraca retrofusca, was studied through laboratory and field observation in natural conditions in Zhejiang Province,China.The puss moth mainly attacks Phyllostachys spp.in all bamboo growing areas in southern China and it damages bamboos severely and even causes total defoliation.The insect occurs 3 or 4 generations per year in Zhejiang Province and over-winters as pupae under surface soil.Larvae feed on leaves from late April to late October or late November,varying with air temperature in autumn.There are 5 larval instars.Each larva,in its lifetime on average,consumes 662.46 cm2 of leaves in area,which is allocated to its five instars by 1.57,7.73,16.36,57.02 and 579.76 cm2 respectively.The larvae to be developed to female adults consumed 12%～15% more leaves than those to be developed to male.Female moths deposit 161～286 eggs per moth.The puss moth is attacked by various parasitic natural enemies including Trichogramma spp.Telenomus spp.ichneumon wasps and tachinid flies.Controlling methods of this puss moth are also proposed.
The bionomics of the leaf feeding puss moth, Norraca retrofusca, was studied through laboratory and field observation in natural conditions in Zhejiang Province,China.The puss moth mainly attacks Phyllostachys spp.in all bamboo growing areas in southern China and it damages bamboos severely and even causes total defoliation.The insect occurs 3 or 4 generations per year in Zhejiang Province and over-winters as pupae under surface soil.Larvae feed on leaves from late April to late October or late November,varying with air temperature in autumn.There are 5 larval instars.Each larva,in its lifetime on average,consumes 662.46 cm2 of leaves in area,which is allocated to its five instars by 1.57,7.73,16.36,57.02 and 579.76 cm2 respectively.The larvae to be developed to female adults consumed 12%～15% more leaves than those to be developed to male.Female moths deposit 161～286 eggs per moth.The puss moth is attacked by various parasitic natural enemies including Trichogramma spp.Telenomus spp.ichneumon wasps and tachinid flies.Controlling methods of this puss moth are also proposed.
2000, 13(6): 589-597.
Abstract:
A long term study was conducted on the soil and water conservation as well as the nutrient cycling in the juvenile, middle aged and pre matural Chinese fir plantation located in three forest farms attached to the Subtropical Forestry Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province from 1984 to 1996.The results showed that the degree of soil erosion and nutrient loss occurred in Chinese fir plantation decreased with the increase of plantation age from juvenile to middle aged and to pre mature ones.For example, in the juvenile plantation the surface runoff was 546.0 m3·hm-2, soil loss was 1005.0 kg·hm-2, while in the middle aged plantation the surface runoff was 506.98 m3·hm-2, the soil loss was only 180.7 kg·hm-2 and in the pre mature plantation the surface runoff was 477.25 m3·hm-2,the soil loss was almost zero.For the nutrient loss, the loss of organic mater and the total loss of N, P, K were 50.049 kg·hm-2 and 31.508 kg·hm-2 in the juvenile plantation, 6.080 kg·hm-2 and 2.096 kg·hm-2 in the middle aged plantation, and 10.784 kg·hm-2 in the pre mature plantation.In the juvenile plantation, the soil loss occurred in maximum amount during the first year when the plantation was established and decreased year by year and came to an extremely little amount 4 years after the plantation establishment.For the surface runoff, it seemed no signiflcant relation to the plantation age.In the plantation with soil derived from slate, it had stronger resistance against soil erosion.However, during the whole rotation of Chinese fir plantation in 25 years, the total loss of soil or nutrient was very little, with accumulated amount of 1530.23 m3·hm-2 of surface runoff, 1185.7 kg·hm-2 of soil loss, 56.28 kg·hm-2 of organic mater and 44.383 kg·hm-2 of N, P, and K nutrients.K lost the most among all kind of nutrient elements.It was concluded that there would be no soil degradation in the Chinese fir plantation grown and managed at the site with soil derived from slate.
A long term study was conducted on the soil and water conservation as well as the nutrient cycling in the juvenile, middle aged and pre matural Chinese fir plantation located in three forest farms attached to the Subtropical Forestry Experimental Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) in Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province from 1984 to 1996.The results showed that the degree of soil erosion and nutrient loss occurred in Chinese fir plantation decreased with the increase of plantation age from juvenile to middle aged and to pre mature ones.For example, in the juvenile plantation the surface runoff was 546.0 m3·hm-2, soil loss was 1005.0 kg·hm-2, while in the middle aged plantation the surface runoff was 506.98 m3·hm-2, the soil loss was only 180.7 kg·hm-2 and in the pre mature plantation the surface runoff was 477.25 m3·hm-2,the soil loss was almost zero.For the nutrient loss, the loss of organic mater and the total loss of N, P, K were 50.049 kg·hm-2 and 31.508 kg·hm-2 in the juvenile plantation, 6.080 kg·hm-2 and 2.096 kg·hm-2 in the middle aged plantation, and 10.784 kg·hm-2 in the pre mature plantation.In the juvenile plantation, the soil loss occurred in maximum amount during the first year when the plantation was established and decreased year by year and came to an extremely little amount 4 years after the plantation establishment.For the surface runoff, it seemed no signiflcant relation to the plantation age.In the plantation with soil derived from slate, it had stronger resistance against soil erosion.However, during the whole rotation of Chinese fir plantation in 25 years, the total loss of soil or nutrient was very little, with accumulated amount of 1530.23 m3·hm-2 of surface runoff, 1185.7 kg·hm-2 of soil loss, 56.28 kg·hm-2 of organic mater and 44.383 kg·hm-2 of N, P, and K nutrients.K lost the most among all kind of nutrient elements.It was concluded that there would be no soil degradation in the Chinese fir plantation grown and managed at the site with soil derived from slate.
2000, 13(6): 598-607.
Abstract:
The rainfall and throughfall in Pinus massoniana forest and subtropical evergreen broad leaved forest at Baiyunshan and in P.massoniana plantation at Longyandong were measured during the period of April 1998 to March 1999.The collected samples of rainfall and throughfall were used for analyzing pH value and major element compositions (SO42-,NO3-,NH4+,Al3+,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+).And hence, the crown leaching of main chemical ions in the forests and the relationships between canopy leaching and acid rain were studied.The results indicates that:(1)The frequency of acid rain in Guangzhou is 79.7%, and the amount of acid rain accounts for 95.1% of annual rainfall.(2)The pH value of throughfall in the forest ecosystems is obriously higher than that of rainfall because of the ion exchange in canopy.(3)During the process of some rain, SO42-,NO3-,NH4+,Al3+,Na+ appeared negative leaching in the pine forests and evergreen broad leaved forest, this phenomenon illustrates that the forests can absorb these ions (especially NO3- and Al3+) under the condition of acid rain.In view of annual net crown leaching, the net leaching of NO3- and Al3+ in the broad leaved forest is -0.85 and -0.06 kg·hm2·a-1, respectively, and that in two pine forests are positive leaching, this also illustrates that the evergreen broad leaved forest has great capacity of absorbing NO3- and Al3+ .(4)Increase of acidity of rain can obviously increase the ratio of crown leaching of Ca2+,Mg2+,K+ and Na+.(5)The ratios of crown leaching of NH4+, SO42- and NO3- have close negative interrelation to the concentration of SO42- and NO3- in rainfall.(6) The crown leaching array of major elements from high to low in evergreen broad leaved forest at Baiyunshan is K+Mg2+ SO42- NH4+Ca2+ Na+Al3+ NO3-, in P.massoniana forest at Baiyunshan is K+Mg2+ NH4+SO42- Ca2+ NO3-Na+Al3+, in P.massoniana plantation at Longyandong is K+Mg2+ SO42- NH4+Ca2+ Na+NO3-Al3+ .
The rainfall and throughfall in Pinus massoniana forest and subtropical evergreen broad leaved forest at Baiyunshan and in P.massoniana plantation at Longyandong were measured during the period of April 1998 to March 1999.The collected samples of rainfall and throughfall were used for analyzing pH value and major element compositions (SO42-,NO3-,NH4+,Al3+,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+).And hence, the crown leaching of main chemical ions in the forests and the relationships between canopy leaching and acid rain were studied.The results indicates that:(1)The frequency of acid rain in Guangzhou is 79.7%, and the amount of acid rain accounts for 95.1% of annual rainfall.(2)The pH value of throughfall in the forest ecosystems is obriously higher than that of rainfall because of the ion exchange in canopy.(3)During the process of some rain, SO42-,NO3-,NH4+,Al3+,Na+ appeared negative leaching in the pine forests and evergreen broad leaved forest, this phenomenon illustrates that the forests can absorb these ions (especially NO3- and Al3+) under the condition of acid rain.In view of annual net crown leaching, the net leaching of NO3- and Al3+ in the broad leaved forest is -0.85 and -0.06 kg·hm2·a-1, respectively, and that in two pine forests are positive leaching, this also illustrates that the evergreen broad leaved forest has great capacity of absorbing NO3- and Al3+ .(4)Increase of acidity of rain can obviously increase the ratio of crown leaching of Ca2+,Mg2+,K+ and Na+.(5)The ratios of crown leaching of NH4+, SO42- and NO3- have close negative interrelation to the concentration of SO42- and NO3- in rainfall.(6) The crown leaching array of major elements from high to low in evergreen broad leaved forest at Baiyunshan is K+Mg2+ SO42- NH4+Ca2+ Na+Al3+ NO3-, in P.massoniana forest at Baiyunshan is K+Mg2+ NH4+SO42- Ca2+ NO3-Na+Al3+, in P.massoniana plantation at Longyandong is K+Mg2+ SO42- NH4+Ca2+ Na+NO3-Al3+ .
2000, 13(6): 608-612.
Abstract:
There has been the custom of eating insects of Hemiptera all over the world since the ancient time.In Yunnan Province,there is the custom of eating stinkbug.There are several species of edible stinkbug in Yunnan.The results of analyzing the nutrient components of 5 stinkbug showed that there are rich protein,fat,amino acids and microelements in these insects.The content of crude protein is 51.84% in average and the protein content in Sphaerodema rustica could be as high as 73.52%.The contents of crude fat,total sugar and amino acids are 33.21%,2.61% and 45.68% in average.The content of 8 amino acids essential to human body is 18.52% in average,which accounts for 40.54% of the total amount of amino acids.Five species of stinkbug also contain some microelements essential to human body such as potassium,sodium and calcium,so they have good nutritive value.
There has been the custom of eating insects of Hemiptera all over the world since the ancient time.In Yunnan Province,there is the custom of eating stinkbug.There are several species of edible stinkbug in Yunnan.The results of analyzing the nutrient components of 5 stinkbug showed that there are rich protein,fat,amino acids and microelements in these insects.The content of crude protein is 51.84% in average and the protein content in Sphaerodema rustica could be as high as 73.52%.The contents of crude fat,total sugar and amino acids are 33.21%,2.61% and 45.68% in average.The content of 8 amino acids essential to human body is 18.52% in average,which accounts for 40.54% of the total amount of amino acids.Five species of stinkbug also contain some microelements essential to human body such as potassium,sodium and calcium,so they have good nutritive value.
2000, 13(6): 613-621.
Abstract:
The present conditions and the potentialities of forest plantation productivities of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana, with different ownerships and different mangement intensities.were studied.The results showed:(1)The present productivities of the collective ownership and the state owned forest plantation are 11%～18% and 20%～40%.(2)In normal management state,the productivity of the collective ownership forest plantation will be raised over 70% based on its present productivity,and the state owned forest plantation will be raised by 40%.(3)In intensive management, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest plantation will be 50% of the climatic productivity,and Pinus massoniana will be 80% of the climatic productivity.(4)In using good strain and scientific cultivating,the productivity of the state owned plantation will be raised over 80% based on its present productivity.(5)In the same management condition,the productivity of Pinus massoniana stand is 20% higher than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
The present conditions and the potentialities of forest plantation productivities of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana, with different ownerships and different mangement intensities.were studied.The results showed:(1)The present productivities of the collective ownership and the state owned forest plantation are 11%～18% and 20%～40%.(2)In normal management state,the productivity of the collective ownership forest plantation will be raised over 70% based on its present productivity,and the state owned forest plantation will be raised by 40%.(3)In intensive management, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest plantation will be 50% of the climatic productivity,and Pinus massoniana will be 80% of the climatic productivity.(4)In using good strain and scientific cultivating,the productivity of the state owned plantation will be raised over 80% based on its present productivity.(5)In the same management condition,the productivity of Pinus massoniana stand is 20% higher than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
2000, 13(6): 622-627.
Abstract:
The study on species trial and plantation forest management showed that Liriodendron chinense is a good broadleaved species over the mountainous areas in south China with wide adaptability,fast growth in the early stage and high yielding.Three years after afforestation, L.chinense enters the period of fast growth.Under good site condition,the meanheight,mean DBH and volume increment of 8 year old L.chinense are 12.6 m,12.4 cm and over 16 m3·hm-2 respectively.Good site could be used to establish pure plantation stand with moderate tree density designed according to different cultural objectives.On the poor site, L.chinense could be planted with Alnus cremastogyne, Schima superba,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Fokienia hodginsii.Because of its rich foliage and litter,both the pure or mixed plantation could obviously ameliorate the soil fertility.
The study on species trial and plantation forest management showed that Liriodendron chinense is a good broadleaved species over the mountainous areas in south China with wide adaptability,fast growth in the early stage and high yielding.Three years after afforestation, L.chinense enters the period of fast growth.Under good site condition,the meanheight,mean DBH and volume increment of 8 year old L.chinense are 12.6 m,12.4 cm and over 16 m3·hm-2 respectively.Good site could be used to establish pure plantation stand with moderate tree density designed according to different cultural objectives.On the poor site, L.chinense could be planted with Alnus cremastogyne, Schima superba,Cunninghamia lanceolata and Fokienia hodginsii.Because of its rich foliage and litter,both the pure or mixed plantation could obviously ameliorate the soil fertility.
2000, 13(6): 628-633.
Abstract:
This paper dealt with the effect of grafting and fertilizing on main trunk growth of young paulownia trees from seedlings with 3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0 m in height.The results indicated that first time grafting might promote height growth of 3-year-old young trees from seedlings with 3.0 m and 3.5 m in height prominently;second time grafting might promote the height growth of 4-year-old trees from seedlings with 4.5 m in height.The increments of height and breast-high diameter of those trees from seedlings with 4.0,4.5 and 5.0 m in height were higher than those from seedlings 3.0 and 3.5 m in height.Application of fertilizer could accelerate the growth of seedlings with 4.5 and 5.0 m in height.Seedlings with 4.0 m in height might grow over 6.0 m in main trunk height.
This paper dealt with the effect of grafting and fertilizing on main trunk growth of young paulownia trees from seedlings with 3.0,3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0 m in height.The results indicated that first time grafting might promote height growth of 3-year-old young trees from seedlings with 3.0 m and 3.5 m in height prominently;second time grafting might promote the height growth of 4-year-old trees from seedlings with 4.5 m in height.The increments of height and breast-high diameter of those trees from seedlings with 4.0,4.5 and 5.0 m in height were higher than those from seedlings 3.0 and 3.5 m in height.Application of fertilizer could accelerate the growth of seedlings with 4.5 and 5.0 m in height.Seedlings with 4.0 m in height might grow over 6.0 m in main trunk height.
2000, 13(6): 634-640.
Abstract:
The activity of adult Apriona germari included two stages:the feeding stage which was on the twigs of the host tree in the day time and the reproduction stage in the night time.An adult female could lay 23～234 eggs,130.3 eggs in average during its life,about 1.6 eggs per day.After the females had mated,they still could lay 9～176 inseminated eggs,89.7 eggs in average continuously without mating again.The adults (about 49.4% of the total)liked to feed on twigs towards northwest and 75% of the adults could be found on the twigs 1.1～2.0 m above the ground.
The activity of adult Apriona germari included two stages:the feeding stage which was on the twigs of the host tree in the day time and the reproduction stage in the night time.An adult female could lay 23～234 eggs,130.3 eggs in average during its life,about 1.6 eggs per day.After the females had mated,they still could lay 9～176 inseminated eggs,89.7 eggs in average continuously without mating again.The adults (about 49.4% of the total)liked to feed on twigs towards northwest and 75% of the adults could be found on the twigs 1.1～2.0 m above the ground.
2000, 13(6): 641-645.
Abstract:
The impact of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook] provenances planted in the same region on their site index curves was tested by the method of random effects test with the data from eight forest farms, Jigongshan, Hongya, Dagangshan, Liuzhou, Liufengshan, Gongxianluobiao, Gongxianminsheng and Qionglai.Results showed that slope parameters of site index curves among Chinese fir provenances planted in the same region are not significantly different while site indices are, and that there is significant difference in the slope parameters among planting regions.
The impact of Chinese fir [Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.)Hook] provenances planted in the same region on their site index curves was tested by the method of random effects test with the data from eight forest farms, Jigongshan, Hongya, Dagangshan, Liuzhou, Liufengshan, Gongxianluobiao, Gongxianminsheng and Qionglai.Results showed that slope parameters of site index curves among Chinese fir provenances planted in the same region are not significantly different while site indices are, and that there is significant difference in the slope parameters among planting regions.
2000, 13(6): 646-651.
Abstract:
The contents of endogenous hormones in empty-shell chestnut ovary and normal chestnut ovary during the period of embryo development were determined,and the effects of BR,GA3,PP333 on the endogenous hormone levels in ovary and top shoot of Chinese chestnut were analyzed by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that,the contents of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA in normal chestnut ovary showed as a “double peaks” model,while the content of endogenous ABA in ovary tended to reversely change by a small range.In contrast,the endogenous hormone contents and their ratio in empty-shell chestnut ovary showed no obvious peak,the contents of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA appeared a descending trend while the endogenous ABA content appeared an ascending trend during whole embryo developmental period.The lower levels of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA during the pollination period were related with poor pollination,and the decreases of those during the period of young embryo development could cause a serious lack of nutritious substances in ovary and a cease of young embryo development.Foliar spraying of BR (0.01 mg·L -1) could increase the levels of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs,ABA and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA in ovary and top shoot respectively,which showed a positive effect on embryo development.A considerable increase of endogenous GA1+3 level and a sharp decrease of endogenous ABA level in ovary and top shoot commenced with foliar spraying of exogenous GA3 (300 mg·L -1).Foliar spraying of PP333 (1000 mg·L -1) could obviously decline the content of endogenous GA1+3 in ovary and top shoot and increase the content of endogenous ABA in top shoot,which could be of benefit to embryo development of Chinese chestnut.
The contents of endogenous hormones in empty-shell chestnut ovary and normal chestnut ovary during the period of embryo development were determined,and the effects of BR,GA3,PP333 on the endogenous hormone levels in ovary and top shoot of Chinese chestnut were analyzed by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that,the contents of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA in normal chestnut ovary showed as a “double peaks” model,while the content of endogenous ABA in ovary tended to reversely change by a small range.In contrast,the endogenous hormone contents and their ratio in empty-shell chestnut ovary showed no obvious peak,the contents of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA appeared a descending trend while the endogenous ABA content appeared an ascending trend during whole embryo developmental period.The lower levels of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA during the pollination period were related with poor pollination,and the decreases of those during the period of young embryo development could cause a serious lack of nutritious substances in ovary and a cease of young embryo development.Foliar spraying of BR (0.01 mg·L -1) could increase the levels of endogenous GA1+3,iPAs,ABA and the ratio of (GA1+3 +iPAs)/ABA in ovary and top shoot respectively,which showed a positive effect on embryo development.A considerable increase of endogenous GA1+3 level and a sharp decrease of endogenous ABA level in ovary and top shoot commenced with foliar spraying of exogenous GA3 (300 mg·L -1).Foliar spraying of PP333 (1000 mg·L -1) could obviously decline the content of endogenous GA1+3 in ovary and top shoot and increase the content of endogenous ABA in top shoot,which could be of benefit to embryo development of Chinese chestnut.
2000, 13(6): 652-658.
Abstract:
Thirteen years’test of Pinus massoniana plantation fertilization showed that fertilizing P on red soil area benefited the growth of P.massoniana young plantation, but the effect of fertilizer began appear in the seventh years after fertilizing.N and K had no significant effect on the growth of P.massoniana young plantation and negative effect would appear if overdose fertilizers were applied.N and K would promote the differentiation of forest trees while P could make the stand structure unified.The result of partial correlation analysis showed that P was the key factor affecting the growth of P.massoniana .The effectiveness of fertilizer could last for certain a period and had gain sustainability.The best combination of fertilizer was N1P3K2, i.e.the applying ratio of N, P and K fertilizers should be 0 kg:30 kg:30 kg per hectare.
Thirteen years’test of Pinus massoniana plantation fertilization showed that fertilizing P on red soil area benefited the growth of P.massoniana young plantation, but the effect of fertilizer began appear in the seventh years after fertilizing.N and K had no significant effect on the growth of P.massoniana young plantation and negative effect would appear if overdose fertilizers were applied.N and K would promote the differentiation of forest trees while P could make the stand structure unified.The result of partial correlation analysis showed that P was the key factor affecting the growth of P.massoniana .The effectiveness of fertilizer could last for certain a period and had gain sustainability.The best combination of fertilizer was N1P3K2, i.e.the applying ratio of N, P and K fertilizers should be 0 kg:30 kg:30 kg per hectare.
2000, 13(6): 659-666.
Abstract:
Research on development physiology of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seeds and causes of formation of abortive seeds showed that,with embryo differentiating and developing,female germanium and embryo increased their dry weight,volume and biological macromolecules (DNA,RNA,proteins,liquids) till seed matured.The abortive seeds contained lectins.This matter played a role in forming storage protein,independent of abortion.The abortive seeds only accumulated large abscises acid,which caused the abortion and inactivation.From the results of investigation,some measures of decreasing abortion rate were proposed.
Research on development physiology of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seeds and causes of formation of abortive seeds showed that,with embryo differentiating and developing,female germanium and embryo increased their dry weight,volume and biological macromolecules (DNA,RNA,proteins,liquids) till seed matured.The abortive seeds contained lectins.This matter played a role in forming storage protein,independent of abortion.The abortive seeds only accumulated large abscises acid,which caused the abortion and inactivation.From the results of investigation,some measures of decreasing abortion rate were proposed.
2000, 13(6): 667-672.
Abstract:
Five Pinus massoniana superior provenances were used to test the interaction of P.massoniana and phosphorus fertilizer on low fertility and phosphorus deficient site,and to study the response of height growth to different phosphorus supply.The results showed that the response pattern of height growth varied with the provenances tested.Some provenances were more sensitive than the others.There existed significant differences among provenances in the response and the effectiveness for a given period of time.The fertilization principles for young stand of different provenances were made according to various response of each provenance to phosphorus supply.It was found that the genetic variation of height growth among provenances was correlated with the phosphorus condition.Proper phosphorus supply could improve the preciseness of provenance test significantly.For the high yielding plantation,the interaction of provenance and phosphorus could not be ignored,in spite of its less importance as compared with provenance effect and phosphorus effect.
Five Pinus massoniana superior provenances were used to test the interaction of P.massoniana and phosphorus fertilizer on low fertility and phosphorus deficient site,and to study the response of height growth to different phosphorus supply.The results showed that the response pattern of height growth varied with the provenances tested.Some provenances were more sensitive than the others.There existed significant differences among provenances in the response and the effectiveness for a given period of time.The fertilization principles for young stand of different provenances were made according to various response of each provenance to phosphorus supply.It was found that the genetic variation of height growth among provenances was correlated with the phosphorus condition.Proper phosphorus supply could improve the preciseness of provenance test significantly.For the high yielding plantation,the interaction of provenance and phosphorus could not be ignored,in spite of its less importance as compared with provenance effect and phosphorus effect.
2000, 13(6): 673-678.
Abstract:
The changes of ecological environment in Ejina oasis have experienced a complicated and very long period.With processes of water resource exploitation and use and man-made oasis construction,the changes of distribution of water resources in time and space,land desertification,salinization of soil,degradation of desert riverbank forest and deteriorate of water quality have become serious.Through a systematic analysis on resources of water,land and vegetation,a assessment was made on environmental capacity of the oasis in accordance with the ecological principles of land exploitation with full of supply of water resources.This paper also made environmental impact assessment related to the exploitation and use of the oasis and put forward the ways of water resource use and eco-economic development in Ejina oasis.
The changes of ecological environment in Ejina oasis have experienced a complicated and very long period.With processes of water resource exploitation and use and man-made oasis construction,the changes of distribution of water resources in time and space,land desertification,salinization of soil,degradation of desert riverbank forest and deteriorate of water quality have become serious.Through a systematic analysis on resources of water,land and vegetation,a assessment was made on environmental capacity of the oasis in accordance with the ecological principles of land exploitation with full of supply of water resources.This paper also made environmental impact assessment related to the exploitation and use of the oasis and put forward the ways of water resource use and eco-economic development in Ejina oasis.
2000, 13(6): 679-683.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the selection of in vitro buds of two rattan species for elongation and rooting.The results show that in vitro buds with different heights are significantly different in elongation and rooting.In vitro buds with the height of 2.1～4.0 cm are appropriate material for elongation and those with a height2.1 cm are good for rooting.Buds with a height2.1 cm can be selected for rooting without elongation culture.
This paper deals with the selection of in vitro buds of two rattan species for elongation and rooting.The results show that in vitro buds with different heights are significantly different in elongation and rooting.In vitro buds with the height of 2.1～4.0 cm are appropriate material for elongation and those with a height2.1 cm are good for rooting.Buds with a height2.1 cm can be selected for rooting without elongation culture.
2000, 13(6): 684-687.
Abstract:
Xylotrechus namanganensis is a kind of devastating borer to many broad leaved tree species in Xinjiang.Its spatial distribution model has been studied since 1996.The result showed that the number of adult eclosion cavity on the trunk of elm trees with the height of 0～0.5 m,and 0～2.5 m above the ground belonged to assembly distribution model by testing the indexes such as C,I,M*,M*/,X,K and CA .Checking tests by method of Iwao and Taylor also consistently draw out the same conclusion.The sampling numbers of elm trees can be determined by the formulae N=143.26/X+15.78 and N=345.63/X+13.04 respectively if the number of eclosion cavity on the trunk with the height of 0～0.5 m,or 0～2.5 m above ground is to be investigated by Iwao method.On the basis of recognizing that eclosion cavity spatial distribution of Xylotrechus namanganensis on the trunk of elm trees belonged to assembly distribution model,and the economic injury level (EIL) was 2 eclosion cavities on the trunk,the upper and lower limits of sampling number can be calculated by formula T0(n)=2N±8.1797√N.
Xylotrechus namanganensis is a kind of devastating borer to many broad leaved tree species in Xinjiang.Its spatial distribution model has been studied since 1996.The result showed that the number of adult eclosion cavity on the trunk of elm trees with the height of 0～0.5 m,and 0～2.5 m above the ground belonged to assembly distribution model by testing the indexes such as C,I,M*,M*/,X,K and CA .Checking tests by method of Iwao and Taylor also consistently draw out the same conclusion.The sampling numbers of elm trees can be determined by the formulae N=143.26/X+15.78 and N=345.63/X+13.04 respectively if the number of eclosion cavity on the trunk with the height of 0～0.5 m,or 0～2.5 m above ground is to be investigated by Iwao method.On the basis of recognizing that eclosion cavity spatial distribution of Xylotrechus namanganensis on the trunk of elm trees belonged to assembly distribution model,and the economic injury level (EIL) was 2 eclosion cavities on the trunk,the upper and lower limits of sampling number can be calculated by formula T0(n)=2N±8.1797√N.
Subvmission Guidelines
Peer Review
Reviewer Online
Office Work
Email alert
RSS