• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2001 Vol. 14, No. 1

Display Method:
An Approach to Sustainable Management of Population Genetic Resources of Trees Ⅱ. Management Analysis of Plantation and Natural Population of Some Autochthonous Tree Species in China
HU Xin sheng, WU Rong ling, HAN Yi fan
2001, 14(1): 1-7.
Abstract:
Appropriate treatment of the relationship between natural population and plantation is an important part of sustainable management of forest tree genetic resource. In this paper genetic variation of fourteen autochthonous tree species in China was comprehensively analyzed, including Pinus tabulae formis, Cunninghamia lanceolata, Pinus massoniana, Ulmus pumila, Pinus armandi, Larix principis rupprechtii, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelinii, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Larix olgensis, Pinus koraiensis, Juglans manclshumca, Platycladus orientalis and Pinus taiwanensis. Provenance trials of these species had been conducted and showed that there were many common characteristics of genetic variations in terms of growth traits: the occurrence of significant effects of provenance, site, and interaction between provenance and site, and the existence of obvious geographic variation in terms of growth traits. Population genetic structures of some species assessed using RAPD, allozyme markers, monoterpenes, etc., were also remarked. By integrating these results, authors discussed some strategies for sustainable management of genetic resources in both natural stands and man made plantations. For natural populations, it is suggested to strengthen environmental protection, ex situ and in situ conservation, and to reduce human being disturbance. For plantations, different genetic materials are required so as to reduce the contamination to natural populations caused by gene flow.
Comparative Study on Underground Vegetation Develop of Different Generation Plantations of Chinese Fir
FAN Shao-hui, MA Xiang-qing, FU Lui-shu, LIU Ai-qin
2001, 14(1): 8-16.
Abstract:
The underground vegetation of different generation plantations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) are studied through the investigation of different generation, age and site. The results are as follows: underground vegetation development of Chinese fir plantations are greatly influenced by planting generation. There are significant differences among the underground vegetation species, frequencies and biomass of different generation plantations. Species quantities of the first generation, the second generation and the third generation plantations are 69, 54 and 59 respectively. There is not special species of different generation plantations. As planting generation increases, biomass and nutrient accumulations of underground vegetation of different generation plantations increase. Underground vegetation concentrations are higher than those of its litter. Compared to the first generation plantation, the nutrient accumulations of underground vegetation of the second generation, the third generation plantations increase by 6.96% and 37.49% respectively. Underground vegetation of Chinese fir plantation has higher capacity to accumulate nutrients.
Study on the Regeneration Niche of Major Tree Species in Gaps in a Tropical Montane Rain Forest in Bawangling, Hainan Island
ZANG Run-guo, JIANG You-xu, YANG Yan-cheng
2001, 14(1): 17-22.
Abstract:
On the basis of investigation on gaps in the tropical montane rain forest of Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, regneration niche and related characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that dominances of the same species in gaps of different sizes and developmental stages were different. And dominances of different species in gaps of the same sizes and same developmental stages were also different. According to values of niche breadth based on gap sizes, the species were classified into 4 types, i. e. the wide, middle, comparatively narrow and narrow amplitute of niche. According to values of niche breadth based on gap age classes, the species in the tropical montane rain forest were classified into 4 types, i. e. efficient utilization on gap resources comparatively efficient utilization on gap resources not efficient utilization on gap resources, and very few utilization on gap resources. The non-uniformity of species utilization on resources in gaps of different sizes and age classes indicate that niches based on gap sizes and gap age classes for different species were comparatively separated. Through the formation and development of different sized gaps, tree species satisfied their life history process requirements, so that many species can coexist consistantly in the tropical montane rain forest. Calculations on the dominances and niche breadth of tree species in gaps of different sizes and age classes showed that there are a great proportion of low density, narrow niche species in the tropical montane rain forest. These species have a high dependence on whole ecological environment in the tropical forest ecosystem. The probabilities of local extinction are high once the environment changed. The existence of vast quantity of low density, narrow niche species in the forest indicates that the tropical montane rain forest ecosystem is a vulneralbe ecosystem type in terms of species diversity. Great attention should be paid to the diversity conservation of the low density, narrow niche species when any management measures are taken to the tropical montane rain forest.
Measuring Species Spatial Isolation in Mixed Forests
HUI Gang-ying, HU Yan-bo
2001, 14(1): 23-27.
Abstract:
Mingling was used to describe the probability of the closest neighboring tree in a forest being a different species. The minimum spatial structure unit consisting of a reference tree and its 4 closest neighboring trees is more appropriate than the “four group structure method” in analyzing spatial structure of forest stands. When using the distribution or the mean of mingling to analyze the spatial isolation of species in the stands, it is recommended that the species composition and their ratio in the mixture stand be described. The description has significant impacts on the precise analysis of species spatial distribution and structure restoration.
Study on Associated Nitrogen Fixation of Several Sympodial Bamboo Species
GU Xiao-ping, WU Xiao-li, WANG Yang-dong
2001, 14(1): 28-34.
Abstract:
Root nitrogen fixing activities of several sympodial bamboo species,namely Dendrocalamus latif lorus,Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana,Bambusa textilis,Bambusa chungii,Bambusa tulda,Dendro calamopsis oldhami were investigated and tested.
Correlation between RAPD-based Parental Genetic Distance and Filial Performance of Chinese Fir
LI Mei, SHI Ji sen, GAN Si ming, HE Zhen xiang, LI Li, YI Neng jun
2001, 14(1): 35-40.
Abstract:
RAPD based genetic distance between 30 parental trees of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and its correlation with hybrid performance in height (H), diameter breast high (DBH) and volume (V) as well as their variation coefficients (CV) and specific combining ability values (SCA) were calculated. Parental genetic distance was negatively correlated at0.10of significance level with SCA in DBH and V, but not significantly correlated with other factors. With the 6 groups of parents divided by cluster analysis, intra group genetic distance was not significantly correlated with hybrid performance, and medium inter group genetic distance was significantly correlated with H, DBH, and/or V at0.05 level. Hybrid value based on the number of marker loci related with volume at0.10significance level was significantly correlated with DBH and V as well as their CV at 0.01 level. The conclusions came to that RAPD based parental genetic distance would be valuably referable for parental grouping and volume significant loci be relatively great potential in parental grouping and hybrid performance prediction in Chinese fir breeding practices.
Effect of Gibberellin on Germination of Teak
LIU Wen ming, LIANG Kun nan, PAN Yi feng
2001, 14(1): 41-46.
Abstract:
Gibberellin exerts stimulative effect on germination of teak. Under the temperature of 35 ℃, gibberellin improves seeds' germination rate and speed. In dark, low concentration of gibberellin (less than 100mg·L-1, including control treatment) resulted in higher germination rate (more than 80%), lower rotten rate of seed (8.6%) and higher germination index. Light intensity is one of the major factors affecting germination rate during the first two weeks of the test. However, lime seems to be helpless to germination.
A New Forest Pathogen on in Subtropical China: Rigidoporus lineatus (Pers.: Fr.) Ryvarden
DAI Yu cheng, XU Mei qing, WU Xing lang
2001, 14(1): 47-49.
Abstract:
A new pathogen of trees in subtropical China, Rigidoporus lineatus, is reported. It mainly attacks Robinia and Paulownia, and possiblely lives on other tree species of angiosperm. It causes a white rot of root and butt. Its illustrated description is given in detail according to study on the material from China. The differences between it and related species are discussed. The symptom, damage and distribution of the disease are supplied.
Verification of the Impact of Chinese Fir Provenances on Basal Area Growth Models
WANG Ming liang, LI Xi fei
2001, 14(1): 50-53.
Abstract:
The impact of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) provenances planted in the same region on their basal area growth models was verified by the method of random effects test with the data from eight forest farms, Jigongshan, Hongya, Dagangshan, Liuzhou, Liufengshan, Gongxianluobiao, Gongxianminsheng and Qionglai. Results show that parameters of basal area growth models among Chinese fir provenances planted in the same region are of no significant difference.
Shoot Growth Behavior of Superior Masson Pine Provenances under Different Phosphorus Environment
ZHOU Zhi chun, DAI De sheng, WU Ji fu, LAN Yong zhao
2001, 14(1): 54-59.
Abstract:
The behaviors and mechanisms of shoot growth of superior masson pine provenances were studied to explain height growth response of various provenances to different phosphorus supply. Growth cycles of different provenances were found to be not related to phosphorus environment. The sensitivities of annual shoot growth to phosphorus supply varied with provenances tested. This difference of sensitivity could be explained by changes of fixed growth and free growth. Genetic analysis connected to phosphorus environment indicated that the differences between provenances increased in shoot length and free growth, decreased in fixed growth and did not change in growth, cycles with amelioration of phosphorus environment. It is found that the phosphorus environment influenced not only genetic variation but also genetic correlation among shoot traits. Under low phosphorus or phosphorus stress, shoot length was significantly and negatively related to fixed growth, and positively related to free growth. After phosphorus supplying, the shoot length seems to be only related to free growth.
Geographic Variations of Seedlings Growth and Biomass in Chinese Wingnut (Pterocarya stenoptera) Provenance
LI Ji yuan, RAO Long bing, WANG Hui xiong, PAN De shou
2001, 14(1): 60-66.
Abstract:
The Chinese wingnut seedling provenance trial containing 55 seedlots collected from its full distribution zone was conducted in Anji, northern Zhejiang Province. The provenances showed significant differences in growth traits, such as difference up to 163% for height, 180% for ground diameter and 194% for dry biomass between the best and worst seedlot. The results showed that seedling height was closely related to latitude and altitude of the seedlots, which means that southern seedlots or those from lower altitude are generally better than northern ones or those from higher altitude. It is found that the different geographic variation patterns existed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River valley sub zone, southern hilly sub zone, Lijiang River Xiangjiang River Dongtinghu Lake system, Guizhou Sichuan Shanxi western sub zone, north sub zone. The comprehensive selection index was constructed as below: I=0.116 7X 1(total dry biomass)+0.0750X 2(seedling height)-0.123 1X 3(ground diameter), and 6 superior provenances were screened out based on the index, i.e., Xingfeng in southern Jiangxi, Sinan in north eastern Guizhou, Hanzhong in central Shanxi, Yiyang in Dongtinghu Lake area, Fuling of Chongqing as well as Fuan in north eastern Fujian.
Assessment and Selection on the Genetic Resource Test Plantation of Loblolly Pine Introduced from Zimbabwe
ZHONG Wei hua, SHI Bin, CHEN Bing quan, HUANG Zhang ping, ZHOU Hong, ZHANG Min xing
2001, 14(1): 67-72.
Abstract:
Genetic resource of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) represented by 50families were evaluated for to study the growth performance in seedling and young stage. The result showed that there was significant difference for single tree volume at the age of 5. Fourteen families (include 3 check families) were significantly different from the most inferior one and were considered as superior families. Under the selection rate of 30% for family, the genetic gain for volume was estimated to be 3.1%, with combined selection and 148 selected trees. Height growth at the age of 1 and 3 was relative or extreme significantly correlated with the volume growth at the age of 5. Therefore, the test plantation could be measured only by height, in order to reduce work load, three statistical methods were compared for their using results. Maintenance rate and loss rate of superior families at the age of 5 were compared when selecting the top one third or superseding the bottom one third of all the families. It was suggested that early selection should be implemented by superseding the inferior families.
Study on Flavour Chemistry of Eucommia Tea Ⅲ. Influence of Second Drying on Quality and Flavour Composition of Eucommia Black Tea
DONG Shang sheng, WENG Wei, ZHA Sen jun, TONG Qi qing
2001, 14(1): 73-77.
Abstract:
The effects of different temperature (95, 110, and 125 ℃) and duration (1, 2, and 3 hours) of second drying on the quality and composition of Eucommia black tea during refining process were studied. It is showed that the contents of protein, amino acid, reduced sugar, theaflavins (TFs) and flavonides decreased with the temperature increasing and duration prolonging. The content of thearubigins (TRs) increased at 95 ℃ and decreased at 125 ℃ with the duration prolonging, and the highest content of TRs was found at 110℃ for 2 h. The content of amodori compounds increased in the first hour of second drying with lower range at 95 ℃ than at 110℃ and 125 ℃, but it decreased later, and the lower the temperature, the faster the decreasing. With organoleptic evaluation on the comprehensive quality, it showed that second drying for 1 to 2 hours under the temperature of 110℃ benefits the formation of high quality Eucommia black tea.
Hydrological Properties and Water Balance of Pinus armandii Plantation in Central Dian Plateau, Yunnan Province
MENG Guang tao, LANG Nan jun, FANG Xiang jing, LI Gui xiang, YUAN Chun ming, WEN Shao long
2001, 14(1): 78-84.
Abstract:
According to the 3 years' observation on the precipitation and runoff in Pinus armandii forest watershed runoff observation station in Central Dian Plateau, the study on hydrological properties and water balance of plantation was conducted, and some analysis results are as follows: (1) The seasonal distribution precipitation in this area is uneven, the rainfall of wet season (from Jun. to Oct.) accounts for 80% of the yearly total, the precipitation is mainly brought by rainfall that is more than 10mm, and most of the rain intensities are less than 5.0mm·h-1. (2) The annual precipitation of the watershed is 1005.6 mm. Regarding to the precipitation distribution of crown acting surface, crown interception is 210.6 mm, and the ratio is 20.9%; the through fall precipitation is 745.3 mm,stemflow precipitation is 49.7 mm, and account for 74.2% and 4.9%, respectively. (3) Monthly change lags behind the precipitation, and the total runoff is 172.29 mm, total runoff coefficient is 17.13%, in which the surface runoff is 8.03 mm, the underground runoff is 164.26 mm; the surface runoff mainly centralizes in wet season, and one off rainfall obviously affects surface runoff (R=0.91). (4) Annual soil moisture variation is 11.2 mm, accounting for 1.1% of the total annual precipitation. But the monthly change is relatively large; the evapotranspiration is the biggest output of the system water flow, 822.1 mm water returns to the air in the form of gas phase, accounting for 81.8% of the total precipitation; among the evapotranspiration water, the direct physical evaporation capacity of crown interception is 210.6 mm, accounting for 25.6% of the total evapotranspiration.
Utility and Prospect of Opuntia ficus-indica
YANG Shi yu, YANG Wen yun, LI Zhi guo, ZHAO Yi he
2001, 14(1): 85-89.
Abstract:
Opuntia ficus indica is a kind of economic plant. It can be widely used as fruit, vegetable, medicine and feed. It can be al so used to afforest barren hills, prevent water and soil from erosion, improve ecological environments. At the same time it is good host for Dactylopius coccus and good species for landscape. It is very difficult to afforest other tree species in hot dry or semi hot dry valley, such as Jinshajiang River, Lancangjiang River, Nujiang River, Yuanjiang River, because of the high mountains, steep slope and stone. If Opuntia ficus indica is selected to afforest in these regions, it can not only prevent water and soil from erosion, but also bring obvious ecological, economic and social benefits. The paper described the comprehensive utilization and the prospects of Opuntia ficus indica. It can be reference for changing cultivated land into forest (grassland) and controlling ecological environments in western China.
Quantitative Analysis on the Economic Characters of Castanea henryi Nut
YANG Zhi ling, GONG Bang chu, CHEN Zeng hua, WU Shi yuan, WU Lian hai, YU Jian gong
2001, 14(1): 90-94.
Abstract:
Seven economic characters of 41 selected individuals of Castanea henryi were analyzed with principal component analysis (PCA). Two overall indexes used to evaluate the individual characters were determined and the weighted value of overall index was taken as the criterion of individual ordination and classification. The authors suggested to reselect the clones among individual with large sized nut and medium sized nut, and attention should be paid on the examining the individuals of small sized nut with fine and special characters. The wild C. henryi should be collected as much as possible and should be preserved as germ plasm resource.
Research on Application of Four-parameter Cylinder-volume-ratio Stem Profile
MENG Xian fa, LI Yue li, ZHANG Fang qiu
2001, 14(1): 95-99.
Abstract:
The study involved estimating stem volume, calculating merchantable volume yielding rate and timber assortments volume with four parameter cylinder volume ratio stem profile. The result shows it performs better than Schumarher Hall at estimating stem volume when the data from Quercus aliena were classified by class. Compared with taper function at calculating merchantable volume yielding rate, four parameter cylinder volume ratio stem profile also performs well with systematic error below 1% and mean square error below 5%. To Pinus tabulaeformis trees, taper function has better accuracy degree than cylinder volume ratio method, but the result is contrary to Q.aliena. When calculating timber assortments volume with four parameter cylinder volume ratio method, systematic error is below 6% and mean square error below 19%.
Study on the Major Host Plant Species of Lac Insect, Wax Scale and Gall Aphids
CHEN Yu pei, LI Wen liang
2001, 14(1): 100-105.
Abstract:
Lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids are the important resource insects in China. Host plant is not only the habitant and reproductive sites for resource insects but also their food resource. The species of host plant are various, and some of them are excellent hosts. The host plant species were extensively collected from the major production regions of lac, wax and Chinese gallnut, and then reproduced in Jingdong of Yunnan where locates in the southern subtropical region. It has been conserved in the Arboretum of Jingdong Trial Station by Ex situ conservation. More than 200species, which belong to 98 genuses,36 families of host plant of lac insect, wax scale and gall aphids have been collected over many years. These species are valuable materials available for studying these resource insects and their host plant. From these species, it is possible to develop excellent hosts that can be put into use in production. Also these species is the basic materials to be used in host plant breeding and enhancement and research on their multiple utility. The study was conducted during the period of 1993~1999, and its major results are reported.
Relationship between Endogenous Hormones with Growth and Drops in Ginkgo Seed
WANG Jian, WANG Jiu ling, WEI Gang, XIN Xue bing
2001, 14(1): 106-109.
Abstract:
The relationship among growing process,drops and endogenous hormones contents on Ginkgo biloba seeds were studied. The results showed that the growing curve of seed is S shape. The period of seed expanding late from the beginning of May to the middle of July. There is a remarkable relation between seed growth and content of endogenous hormones in seeds. The contents of IAA,ZR and ABA are higher whereas GA 3 is lower in the period of flourishing florescence, then the content of IAA,ZR and ABA significantly decreased but GA 3 increases after pollination. In the period of seed expanding, the content of IAA and ZT gradually increases again, and reaches another peak at the beginning of July, then both of them steady decrease, but at the same time the content of ABA gradually increases until the seed ripe. In a word, the function of GA 3,IAA,ZR and ZT seem to prompt the seed growth, whereas ABA concerns with seed mature and drops. There are two times drops of Ginkgo biloba seeds. The drops are related to hormones.
Studies of Evaluation Models on Soil Improvement Benefit of Water and Soil Conservation Forest
SHEN Hui, JIANG Feng qi, DU Xiao jun
2001, 14(1): 110-114.
Abstract:
Based on amount of field investigation and laboratory analysis, this paper emphasized on the establishment of soil improvement benefit evaluation models. It is pointed out that the benefit evaluation models can be simulated by taking litter biomass, mean diameter of breast high (D), mean height (H) and (D2H) as independent variables and taking comprehensive benefit evaluation index as dependent variable. The models vary with different independent variables and can be chosen to use according to actual situation.