• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2001 Vol. 14, No. 3

Display Method:
Genetic Variation and Provenance Selection of Chinese Tuliptree
LI Bin, GU Wan-chun, XIA Liang-fang, LI Xi-quan, GAN Shao-xiong
2001, 14(3): 237-243.
Abstract:
WT5BZ]Fifteen provenances were sampled in the distribution areas of Chinese Tuliptree(Liriodendron chinense) and the trial plantations were simultaneously established in 5 sites along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in 1991. The main growth characteristics, including height(H), diameter at breast height(DBH) and range of tree crown(RC) were all measured respectively when in the seventh year and the variance analysis were conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences among provenances(FH=29.5,FDBH =10.02,FRC=4.1),which indicated potentiality of selection and genetic improvement, and there were significant differences among sites, which indicated Chinese Tuliptree was sensitive to environment, and there were also significant differences among mutual actions of provenances and sites. The heritabilities of height, DBH and volume for provenance are all more than 0.5 which shows a strongly genetic control in growth characteristics and a good genetic gain can be acquired by provenance selection. The analysis of genetic stability, growth andaptability and correlation between juvenile and mature were conducted, which provided bases for provenance selection and evaluation. The provenance selection and evaluation were conducted in multi sites'and single site’s way respectively. Liping and Xuyong provenances were picked out from all five sites in multi sites selection and the genetic gain was 11.8%, and one to three provenances were respectively picked out for each site in single site’s selection and the genetic gain was 15.4%~51.5% higher than multi site.
The Effect of Management on the Growing and Form of Moso Bamboo Culms
WANG Yang-dong
2001, 14(3): 245-250.
Abstract:
The effect of management on growing and form of culms of moso bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescens) with the similar density about 1 950~2 200 culms per ha for producing culms was studied at the central distribution region of moso bamboo in China, and the results showed the culms growing and form vary obviously among the stands under different management methods. In general, the culms of moso bamboo managed for producing culms managed intensively grow better than that managed normally, and that without any management the worst. Compared with that managed normally or without management, the culms form of moso bamboo managed intensively are the best, and it is higher by 5% in average than that managed normally, 12% higher than that without any measures. The culms weight of moso bamboo managed intensively can reach 31.37 kg, but that managed normally 28.46 kg and 23.33 kg without any measures. The basic relationships are similar between the total height and DBH of the culms managed at different degrees. The relationships between the main form indexes of moso bamboo culms managed at different degrees have been modeled.
Study on Induction Embryogenic Callus of Larix principis-rupprechtii by 311-A Regression Design
QI Li-wang, LI Ling, HAN Yi-fan, HAN Su-ying, Dietrich Ewald
2001, 14(3): 251-257.
Abstract:
The effects of 2,4-D, BA and KT on induction embryogenic callus(EC) of L. principis-rupprechtii were carried out by 311-A regression design. The regression equation was established which expresses the height of induction EC of L. principis-rupprechtii as function, and the 2,4-D, BA and KT as variable respectively. Using the regression equation, the single factor effect and mutual effect between the height of induction EC of L. principis-rupprechtii and 2,4-D, BA and KT was studied; the optimum concentration recipes can be obtained by computer processing, that are 2,4-D: 1.29 mg· L-1 ,BA: 0.39 mg· L-1 and KT: 0.58 mg· L-1 , the target height of induction EC is 13.931 7 mg per explant. The results of experiment showed that this method is simple, practical and rapid for selecting several hormone category and concentration recipes media of conifer somatic embryogenesis.
Effects of Agrobacterium tumefaciens on the Symptoms of Paulownia sp. Plantlet in Vitro Cultured
TIAN Guo-zhong, ZHU Shui-fang, LUO Fei, LI Huai-fang, QIU Wei-fan
2001, 14(3): 258-264.
Abstract:
By using Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolated from poplar crown gall disease with the hormone-producing genes in the T-DNA to inoculate healthy and infected Paulownia plantlets with phytoplasma, it is showed that tumorigensis of diseased plantlets dropped apparently and the symptoms of witches'broom suppressed to some extent. The T-DNA was transformed into Paulownia resulting in tumor formation independent of exogenous hormone addition and keeping subculture of tumor tissues for more than 2 years, thus confirming that the tumor tissues gained the ability to synthesize cytokinin and auxin by itself. Based on the conserved sequence of isopentenyl adenosine transferase gene(ipt) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Opine pTil 5955 strain, a pair of DNA primers(CYT and CYT′) were designed and synthesed. A 427 bp polymerase chain reaction(PCR) product, the same size as the ipt gene fragment of pTil 5955 was amplified in association with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain causing poplar stem gall disease rather than recombinant plasmid without this gene. The specific fragment of 427 bp was also amplified using the DNA extracts from transformed tumor tissues of two Paulownia clones(AT-ZH and AT-T35) with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens as templates, therefore further verifying the insert of T-DNA to the chromosome DNA of Paulownia and Paulownia can be surely transformed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid vector. The specific 427 bp product was not amplified by using total DNA extracts of both in vitro cultured healthy and infected paulownia and sweetpotato infected with phytoplasmas as templates. When the transformed tumor tissues were grafted onto the infected in vitro cultured Paulownia plantlets with phytoplasmas, the symptoms of witches'broom reduced apparently, including reduced severity, prolonged survival time and increased rooting ability of the plantlet, which, on other aspect, suggests the involvement of the hormone metabolism in paulownia-phytoplasma interaction.
Research on Whole-stand Volume Models
LI Xi-fei, WANG Ming-liang
2001, 14(3): 265-270.
Abstract:
The whole-stand volume models were developed based on the Integrated Stand Growth Models and the procedure for establishing them was reported in this paper. The whole-stand volume models are a system of equations which describe the relationships among principal characters of a stand, composed of the volume model, dominant height model, average height model and the form-height model, from which other models can be derived. Validations of the component models and the derived models were tested respectively and the results showed that the necessary precisions could be met.
The Probability Distribution and Sampling Simulation of the Tracheid Length in Masson Pine
HOU Zhu-qiang, JIANG Xiao-mei, YIN Ya-fang
2001, 14(3): 271-277.
Abstract:
The tracheid length in six tested logs from 20-year-old plantation-grown tree of masson pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb.) were studied. The skew factors and kurtosis factors were evaluated to test the probability distribution towards the tracheid length from the measurements of different sample combinations. Results showed that the length of tracheid in masson pine can be regarded as the random variable and is normally distributed. The property of normal distribution could be revealed just with three woods tested. The computer simulation of tracheid length was made by means of random sampling. There was great agreement between the means of tracheid length from the simulation and the ones from measurement and the relative error was below 0.55%.
Early Performances of Eight Provenances of Choerospondias axillaris
CHEN Yi-tai, LI Gui-ying, HE Gui-ping, FENG Jian-wen, LIU Hua-tong
2001, 14(3): 278-282.
Abstract:
The Choerospondias axillaris seeds from 8 locations ranging 6 provinces in southern China were studied. Seed size, form, collar, seedling height growth rhythm and growth 2 year after planting showed obvious differences among provenances. The seeds from west-southern provenances were significantly smaller than ones from eastern. The time of growth cease of southern provenances were slightly later. Huichang provenance had the best growth. As early fast growth of Choerospondias axillaris, density control in nursery become very important. Suitable nursery density for this speices is 1.08×105 seedlings per hectare.
A Study on the Density Control of Second-generation Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla Stand by Sprout Regeneration
LIN Xing-hua
2001, 14(3): 283-287.
Abstract:
The sprouting amount kept and the tree growth, biomass and stand structure of second-generation sprout regenerated Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla stand were studied. The results showed that the tree growth with keeping 1~2 sprouts for each stump was better than that keeping all sprouts. The authors put forward some technical measurements for controlling stand density such as keeping proper amount of sprouting, reasonably regulating sprouting time. Taking silviculture object and site condition into account, it is suggested the proper stand density of second-generation sprout regenerated E. grandis × E. urophylla should be 1650~2500 per hectare.
Studies on Flowering Phenology of Clones in Pinus tabulaeformis Seed Orchard
ZHANG Hua-xin, CHEN Cong-mei
2001, 14(3): 288-296.
Abstract:
The observation was carried out on the flowering phenology in the initial period and abundant cone period for 46 clones in Pinus tabulaeformis seed orchard located in Henan Province. The differences of flowering phenologies among clones, among ramets within a clone, at different positions within a crown were described, the relationship of flowering phenologies of the same clones in different years were analyzed. The female strobili opened earlier, and ended later than male strobili as well. Receptivity of female strobili lasted for a longer time than male strobili shedding, the receptivity appeared to coincide with the pollen shedding. In different years, 2~3 days differences existed for the flowering time, the flowering time was related with the actively accumulative temperature with more than and equal to 10 ℃. The lasting period showed about 10-day difference for lasting time of flowering period in different years. In the different years, there was big difference in flowering time for different clones, but the sequence of the flowering time for different clones was relatively consistent, the flowering time showed 1~2 day difference for different ramets within a clone. There was big difference in flowering frequency of different dates between strobili facing north and these facing other three directions, strobili facing north opened 1-day later than these facing other three directions. In addition, the relationship between flowering phenology and synchronization index, and differences of pollinated efficiency for different flowering phenology types were discussed.
Research on Grafting Techniques of Superior Acacia mangium and Its Hybrid
MENG Xian-fa, YE Yong-chang, CHEN Zu-xu, ZHU Jian-yun, ZHANG Fang-qiu, LIU Shui-e
2001, 14(3): 297-300.
Abstract:
The method of medullary cambium grafting was used to study the grafting of superior Acacia mangium and its hybrid. The results showed that the genotype of superior clone had great influence on the grafting. The average grafting survival rate of hybrid clone was over 82%, which was two times that of the pure clone. The grafting was obviously affected by the season. The survival rate of grafting was 76.9%~82.0% in spring, which is 130% and 190% higher compared with that in summer and autumn, while the survival rate of grafting in winter is rather low. The optimum base diameter of stock for grafting is 0.5 cm to 0.8 cm, the grafting height should be 30 cm to 40 cm and the scion with 4~5 axillary buds should be selected.
The Annual Growth Parameters and Their Variation of Paulownia Seedlings
FU Da-li, YANG Shao-bin, CONG Pei-sheng, LI Zong-ran
2001, 14(3): 301-306.
Abstract:
Based on testing 16 Paulownia clones in seedling stage, the growth pattern and growth parameters in seedling stage were studied. The results indicated that the growth of Paulownia seedlings can be modeled by sigmoid curve, and can be divided into 3 stages: first slow growth stage, fast growth stage and second slow growth stage. The main parameters are the beginning date of fast growth(DB), the middle date of fast growth(DM), the ending date of fast growth(DE), the length of fast growth(LG), the growth rate(RG) and increment at each date, the average growth rate(ARG), the maximum rate of growth(XRG), and the maximum value of diameter(KD) and height(KH) of annual growth of Paulownia seedlings. The annual growth parameters of diameter of 185 seedlings of 16 clones are as follows: DB June 12, RG 0.033 cm· d-1 , diameter 1.08 cm; DM July 16, XRG 0.049 cm·d-1 , diameter 2.57 cm; DE August 20, diameter 4.06 cm; LG 69 days, total annual growth 5.13 cm. The annual growth parameters of seedling height are: DB July 8, RG 0.049 m·d-1 , height 0.88 m; DM July 27, XRG 0.073 m· d-1 , seedling height 2.57 m; DE August 20, seedling height 3.22 cm; LG 37 days, total annual growth 4.09 m. The diameter and height of total annual growth are distinctively correlative with XRG respectively.
Study on Constructing Mangrove Plantations in a large scale in Panyu, Guangdong Province
CHEN Wen-pei, ZHENG Song-fa, LI Rui-cheng, CHEN Yu-jun, ZHENG De-zhang
2001, 14(3): 307-314.
Abstract:
The paper aims at solving the problem from the viewpoints of theory and practice, which the people living in Panyu, Guangdong Province has been concerned with, i.e. “whether the vast extent of local tidelands can be used in constructing the ecological and public welfare mangrove plantation system or not?” and puts forward the rational suggestions in course of construction. First, it is proved from many theoretical points that constructing mangrove plantation in large scale can be won success in Panyu, and second, the conclusion is examined by a trial that are concerned with 4 mangrove species planted in 3 sites, 14.2 km long of dikes and 13.7 hectare of areas in total. The result shows that the practical examination corresponds to the theoretical conclusion basically. The survival rate and growth of above species are no less than that of the same species in main mangrove distributive areas of China. The better species for developing mangrove plantations in Panyu are Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham, Kandelia candel(L.) Druce and Bruguiera gymnorhiza(L.) Lam, and the altitudes of tideland suitable for their living are more than -0.8 m, -0.74 m and -0.43 m separately comparing with the local mean sea level. The paper can be used as a decision-making guideline for constructing mangrove plantations in Panyu by the local governments and organizations, and at same time, can be a reference for spreading mangroves in all areas of Pearl River Delta.
Research on Superior Tree Selection with the Method of Dominant Contrast and Estimation of the Corresponding Gain
ZHONG Wei-hua, HE Zhao-heng, WU Jing-nan
2001, 14(3): 315-321.
Abstract:
On the basis of studying the correlation between the degree of superiority of the dominant contract method and the differential value of the sample plot method, nine regression equations used to estimate the differential values of height, DBH and volume of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii by the degree of superiority of the corresponding trait, and two regression equations for estimating the differential value of volume by only the degree of superiority of DBH(for P. taeda) or that of height(for P. elliottii) were established. A three-dimension conversion table was established, in which selection rate(P) and selection intensity(i) can be found out directly according to the differential value(U). The basis of determining the prescribed minimum of the superiority degree was posed. The method of estimating the genetic gain and selection effect was simplified. Besides, it was found when the value of i increases and closes to the value of U, the value of P decreases rapidly, therefore, in superior tree selection, it is not a good idea to determine the value of i at a very high level, otherwise, few superior tree can be selected.
Studies on the Nutritive Value and Food Safety of Ericerus pela Eggs
FENG Ying, CHEN Xiao-ming, CHEN Yong, WANG Shao-yun, YE Shou-de, WANG Zi-li
2001, 14(3): 322-327.
Abstract:
White wax scale(Ericerus pela) is one kind of important resource insects. Considering the nutritive and comprehensive utilization of its eggs, this paper deals with the nutritive value and food safety of white wax scale eggs. The research results showed that there are rich protein, amino acids, mineral elements and vitamins in the eggs. There are 44.6% protein in eggs and 53.57% in shells of eggs. The amino acids amounts are 33.16% and 50.53% respectively. The total amino acids amounts necessary to human are 12.38% and 17.90% respectively. The food safety research showed that the insect eggs are nontoxic and there are not any by-effect of causing mutation and deformity. Therefore white wax scale eggs are nutritious and safety for human to eat.
A Study on Frost Injury and Restoration on Pueraria wallichii
GU Yong, ZOU Heng-fang, SUN Ru-lin, ZHOU Rong, ZHU Shao-xing
2001, 14(3): 328-331.
Abstract:
Pueraria wallichii, as a pioneer tree species in dry-hot river areas in Yunnan was planted in a large scale. It has many merits, such as it can resist to drought but not to cold, grow fast in warm areas and can easily sprout. A frosty disaster lasting in 1999 caused frost damage in different degrees to Pueraria wallichii. Based on the analysis on the frost injury in different areas, the paper concludes that(a) The plant can grow when the lowest temperature per day is higher 0 ℃;(b)It begin to suffer from frost injury, while the day continuing with lower than 0 ℃ of the lowest atmospherature per day exceed 3 day and its injury degrees vary with altitude and landform. The injured plants can sprout next spring even if the parts of above ground wilt.
Effect of Spraying Fenitrithion on Controlling Monochamus alternatus in Forest
LIANG Xi-di, JIANG Ping, ZHANG Xiao-hua, YING Song-kang, LUO Jian-ping
2001, 14(3): 332-335.
Abstract:
Fenitrithion was sprayed with high pressure sprayer in pine forest where Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(PWN) occurred in middle May and middle June respectively. The results showed that the adults of Monochamus alternatus(JPS) were killed and the pine tree mortality rate was very low. There was no dead tree in sprayed Pinus massoniana forest in 4 years but 6% dead rate in the CK forest in Fuyang City. The mortality rate in the sprayed Pinus nigra forest in 2 years was below 1%, but 30% in the CK forest in an island of Zhoushan City. Large number of adults of JPS reared with Pinus nigra branches which sprayed fenitrothion(200×~600×) died in 24 hours, all died in 8 days, but only 13.3% died in the CK. Applying in large area, the control effect was obvious.
A Study on the Poplar Increment with Different Cultivation Models and the Soil Microbiota and Enzyme Activity
SUN Cui-ling, TONG Chao-ran, XU Lan-cheng
2001, 14(3): 336-339.
Abstract:
The poplar increment with different cultivation models and the microbiota and enzyme activity were studied based on 7-years'continuous observation at two stages(1992~1995 and 1996~2000). The poplar stand located in Minquan County of Henan Province with an area of 3.12 hectares. The results showed that the annual average increment in the second stage of all models was higher compared with that in the first stage in height and diameter breast-high(DBH). The model A and B of the second stage were the best with an increase of 135%, 175% and 214%, 250% higher than that of the first stage, while the control was only 122% and 130%. The amount of three soil microbiota in the second stage was higher than that in the first stage. The bacterium was the most among the three microbiota, and the fungus was the least. All the enzyme activities of five models in the second stage were higher than that in the first stage(except D, E of catalase). The increase ranges from 3% to 161%. In model A and B, the phosphates and urease increased by 135%, 89% and 161%, 105% respectively.
Effect of Coppice Management on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes and Yield of Ginkgo biloba Leaves
XIE You-chao, CAO Fu-liang, LU Xiang-sheng
2001, 14(3): 340-344.
Abstract:
In order to cultivate high yield with good quality Ginkgo biloba leaf-producing plantation, coppice management of 1,2,3-year-old Dafuzhi seedling at different stump heights(or top bud pruning) were taken and some physiological and biochemical indexes and yield of Ginkgo biloba leaves were determined on May 15 and September 11. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water contents of all treatments and the total flavonoid concentration of some treatments were higher than those of CK; Leaf yield and total flavonoid yield per plant of some treatments were higher than those of CK at the later stage of the year.
Advances in Researches of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Hevea brasiliensis
WANG Zhen-hui
2001, 14(3): 345-348.
Abstract:
The presence of endomycorrhiza in rubber trees was found long ago. But compared with other plants, few research on arbuscular mycorrhizae in rubber tree was conducted at home and abroad. In this paper, the advances and main achievements in recent years were reviewed, which included the survey of endomycorrhiza in rubber trees, the mycorrhizal effects on growth and nutrition of rubber trees and enhancing disease resistance of the trees. The preliminary suggestion was proposed to enhance the research, application and the development of endomycorrhiza in rubber trees.