• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2003 Vol. 16, No. 6

Display Method:
RAPD Analysis on Genetic Variation of Bambusa pervariabilis McClure
XING Xin-ting, FU Mao-yi, FEI Xue-qian, JIANG Jing-min
2003, 16(6): 655-660.
Abstract:
Thirty clumps of six populations of Bambusa pervariabilis were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to determine the genetic variations among and within the populations. A total of 173 loci including 85 polymorphic loci were amplified using 28 random primers, with an average of 6.18 fragments each primer. The length of fragments was between 200 bp and 2 000 bp. As analyzed by POPGENE version 1.31, the data from six populations had an average Nei's gene diversity of 0.2114, and Shannon's genetic diversity of 0.3277, coefficient of gene differentiation(Gst) of 0.1853, indicating that there was some differentiation among the populations. The average genetic distance among populations was 0.035 0, indicating that there was close relative relations among populations. The six populations were clustered to three categories by cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on Nei's unbiased genetic distance.
Characteristics of Sap Flow in Eucalyptus urophylla Plantations on the Leizhou Peninsula
ZHANG Ning-nan, XU Da-ping, JIM Morris, ZHOU Guang-yi, ZHOU Guo-yi, WU Zhong-min
2003, 16(6): 661-667.
Abstract:
Heat pulse method was applied to study sap flux density (SFD) of single tree in 4-year-old Eucalyptus urophylla plantation from September 1999 to September 2000 on Leizhou Peninsula, southern China. The results indicated that SFD of outer sapwood moved faster than the inner; the daily SFD of trees with different diameter followed similar pattern, the bigger trees had faster SFD than smaller trees due to size of root system. To prove the accuracy of heat pulse method, water use of a 2-year-old young tree with height of 6 m was measured by the heat pulse method and a cut-stem method at the same time.It was showed that the estimated water use differed by 3.4% only. Among meteorological factors, solar radiation and VPD were the main factors affecting the sap flow. The heat pulse method was proved to be a accurate way to measure water transpiration by eucalypt tree plantations and recommended for wider application in water balance studies of plantations.
Studies on Nutrition Cycle of Abies georgei Forest Ecosystem of Mountain Segila in Tibet
XIN Xue-bing, ZHAI Ming-pu
2003, 16(6): 668-676.
Abstract:
The results on nutrition cycle of Abies georgei forest ecosystem of Mountain Segila in Tibet(94°25′~94°45′ E,29°35′~29°57′ N, 3 850 m 950 m) showed that the total preserving quantity in the ecosystem of the Abies georgei forests was 35.41 kg·hm-2·a-1, the total quantity of nutrient reversion was 54.89 kg·hm-2·a-1, and the total quantity of nutrient absorption was 90.3 kg·hm-2·a-1. Therefore, the total quantity of nutrient inputs per year was larger than that of nutrient outputs per year, and the net deficit per year of the soil (the litter layer is not included) in forest lands was not so significant. Nevertheless, the deficit of the element K was a little bid serious. The nutrient utilization efficiency of the Abies georgei forests and nutrient utilization index of the soil showed that the requirement for the element N of the forests was the largest, and that for the element Fe was the least. It was shown from the prediction of the nutrients in the ecosystem that the quantity of the nutrient elements would change very slowly within the next eighty years.
Study on Structure Optimization of Dendrocalamus brandisii Shoot and Stock-Producing Stand
CHEN Shuang-lin, XIAO Jiang-hua, ZOU Yue-guo
2003, 16(6): 677-683.
Abstract:
Dendrocalamus brandisii,an excellent bamboo species,has been extended in many adapted areas in china,and the main propagation method is to transplant by clone.Based on ecological theories about physiological integration characteristics and taking structure adjustment of bamboo stand as key technique,different stand composition patterns were adopted to probe into the optimal management patterns for shoot and stock-producing stands.The results of study are as follows:(1)New-built bamboo stand had a distinct period when the quantity and quality of shoot increased rapidly.In the first 3 years,both the quantity and quality of shoot increased rapidly,then the individual quality of shoot kept stable while the quantity kept increasing.(2)The key factors affecting the yield of shoot were the quantity and DBH of living culm,which determined the quantity and quality of shoot.The quantity of shoot product was positively correlated with the quantity of living culm,and negatively correlated with the quality of individual shoot.The dbh was positively correlated with the individual quality of living culm and was not correlated with the quantity of shoot.(3)With the optimal stand structure,when the stand density was 450 culms per hectare,the clumping living bamboo should be 10 culms with dbh 4-6 cm.(4)The economic benefits of management was obvious.The bamboo stand began to produce shoot and stock in the next year after the bamboo stand was established and entered high-yielding period from the 4th year on.
Distribution of Pissodes yunnanensis Pupal Cells on Pinus yunnanensis
ZHANG Hong-rui, YE Hui, XU Chang-shan
2003, 16(6): 684-688.
Abstract:
Pissodes yunnanensis was a species of insect pest newly discovered on Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis) in southwest of China. The larvae attacked and pupated on trunks and lateral branches of Yunnan pine.This paper discussed the distribution of P.yunnanensis pupal cells on Yunnan pine in Lijiang, northwestern Yunnan. The pupal cells distributed in the middle and upper parts of the trunks, accounting for 76.99 % of the total cells on the trunks. Rate of pupal cells on the trunks were about 70.27 % of total cells in the infested trees , appearing to be more than that on lateral branches. On the whorls, pupal cells mainly distributed in the middle and upper parts of lateral branches, accounting for 87.69 % of the total cells on lateral branches. Regarding the trunks and lateral branches growth, pupal cells mainly distributed in 1 or 2 years growth. The results on pupal cells distribution within trees provided a basic information necessary to develop efficient tactics in the weevil control.
PCA on the Soil Degradation of the Successive Chinese Fir Plantation
SUN Qi-wu, YANG Cheng-dong, JIAO Ru-zhen
2003, 16(6): 689-693.
Abstract:
23 soil factors in the different sites (site-index 12,14,16) and different growth periods (young, half-mature and mature) of the first and second generation Chinese fir plantations in Dagang Mountain, Fenyi County of Jiangxi Province,were determined.By the method of PCA, three synthesized factors were selected as targets on evaluating soil fertility in Chinese fir plantation. The results were quantified, scored and sequenced to the data-collected relevant to the soil fertility in the selected plots using PCA.The result showed that the score of all the 2nd generation Chinese fir plantations were much lower than that of the 1st generation. It revealed the fact that soil degradation existed in successive Chinese fir plantations. The result also showed the tendency of soil productivity of different growth period of 1st rotation was that the soil productivity decreased from young to half-matured period, but raised slightly from half-matured to matured period, this meaned that 1st rotation was the latent period of soil degradation of Chinese fir plantation.
Genetic Variation and Comprehensive Assessment in Wood Properties of 15 Fmilies of Pinus elliottii
LUO Xiu-qin, JIANG Xiao-mei, YIN Ya-fang, LIU Zhao-xi
2003, 16(6): 694-699.
Abstract:
The main wood properties of 15 families of Pinus elliottii in Changle Forest Farm,Zhejiang Province were carried out. The results showed that there existed significant differences among these families in wood air-dry density, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, tracheid length, tracheid width as well as tracheid wall thickness, but in cell walls percentage and toughness, there were not significant differences,although the differences in tracheid length, tracheid width and wall thickness of intra-families were higher than those of inter-families. There were no significant differences in air-dry density, compressive strength cell wall percentage and toughness for intra-families. As a result, it was probably effective in inter-families selection according to wood air-dry density, mechanical strength and tracheid morphology. The broad-sense heritabilities for wood tracheid length (0.5466), width (0.3910),wall thickness (0.7173), cell walls percentage(0.159 8) of 15 familis were calculated, these results indicated that wood tracheid morphology (except cell walls percentage) were under morderate or low-morderate genetic control, so high genetic gains could be gained by inter-families selection of suitable intension. By means of comprehensive assessment,the results were as following: 04-2806-1706-2008-7 and 08-9 families were more suitable for use of pulpwood, 04-2504-2806-1706-20 and 08-16 families were more suitable for utilization of construction timber.
Selection on Growth and Wind-resistance Traits for Provenances and Families of Eucalyptus urophylla
LIANG Kun-nan, BAI Jia-yu
2003, 16(6): 700-707.
Abstract:
The results of growth and wind-resistance measure for a trial with 11 provenances and 174 families of Eucalyptus urophylla at 2.3 year-old plantation showed that traits on growth and wind-resistance among provenances, among families, among blocks and interactions between provenance and block, between family and block had highly significant differences. The main damage by typhoon to E.urophylla plantation was stem break-of accounting for 22.5% of trees in the whole trial. Wind-resistance of provenances and families had significant negative correlation with the growth character. The thirty-two families of E.urophylla with wind-resistance and fast growth and suitable for the growth in west Guangdong were selected by the Index Selection Method.
Research on Change Characteristics of Sandy Soil Temperature at the Transitional Zone of Oasis-desert in Minqin
CUI Xiang-hui, WANG Bing, GAO Zhi-hai, JI Yong-fu
2003, 16(6): 708-714.
Abstract:
Based on the long-term data and information collected from transitional region between oasis and desert at the transitional belt between Badanjilin desert and Tenggeli desert,research on the soil temperature change characteristics and the influence factors were carried out.Some analysis results were as follows:(1)The sandy soil temperature in different plots of transitional belt had obvious diurnal,seasonal and vertical pattern.(2)Compared with Tamarix ramosissima sand dune and Nitraria tangutorum sand dune,on the uncovered shifting sand dune,the soil temperature diurnal variation of 5 cm depth was obvious;diurnal change scale was get for 30.4 ℃.(3)With the depth increasing,the maximum and minimum of soil temperature was coming to late,and the temperature change range was to decrease.(4)Through grey-correlation analysis,major environmental factors affecting the sandy soil temperature were discovered,including vegetation coverage,meteorologic factors,the heat characteristics and moisture condition of sandy soil;the correlative coefficients between soil temperature and sunlight,air temperature,air moisture stress and wind speed were 0.726,0.833,0.545 and 0.592 respectively.
In vitro Propagation of Betula alnoides by Shoot Proliferation
LIU Ying, ZENG Bing-shan, QIU Zhen-fei, CHEN Hong-hui, ZENG Jie
2003, 16(6): 715-719.
Abstract:
Using branches collected from eight-month-old seedlings, a rapid propagation protocol by shoot proliferation was developed for Betula alnoides by adjusting the plant growth regulators and ratios of macro-elements. The main results were as follows: 1. Dipping in solution of 1/1 000 HgCl2 for 3 minutes was the best way for disinfection of branch explants and up to 10% branches were successfully induced to grow shoot; 2. To prevent branch explants from producing too much callus, only low concentration of auxins, for instance, 0.2 mg·L-1 IBA or NAA, could be supplemented; 3. Ratio of macro-elements was crucial for shoot germination and proliferation, the range of their ratios by mol concentration were K∶Ca =1∶0.04~0.08, K∶Mg=1∶0.02~0.04, N∶P=1∶0.02~0.03; 4.0.4 MS supplemented with 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA was suitable for rooting, the rooting rate reached 97.9%; and 5. The survival rate of outplanting in nursery was up to 95%.
The Evaluation of Laotudingzi Nature Reserve of Liaoning Province
SHI Jin-lian, LI Jun-qing, LI Shao-quan, WANG Bi-chun
2003, 16(6): 720-725.
Abstract:
In this paper, nature,diversity,reprensentativeness,rarity,ecological fragility,size suitability and human activity were selected as factors for the evaluation of Laotudingzi nature reserve in Liaoning Province.By grading and weighting these factors, the composite evaluating index (CEI) were calculated to be 0.798. The result showed that the ecological quality of the Reserve was very good.The problems existed in the Reserve were analyzed and the corresponding proposals were put forward.
Scanning Electron Microscope Observation on Antenna of Red Turpentine Beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte)
WANG Yu-gang, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Hong-bin, ZHOU Shu-zhi
2003, 16(6): 726-730.
Abstract:
Antennae surface structure and morphological characters of male and female red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valens, were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that there were not much differences between the structure of male and female. Most of the sensilla were distributed on the club of the antenna which ocupied 94.5%, while only 4% and 1.5% on scape and funicle. All of the sensilla could be divided into 4 types: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sawtooth shape sensilla, and bud shape sensilla. Sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sawtooth shape sensilla respectively acounted for 70%, 24%, 6%; bud shape sensilla was extremely rare. Sensilla trichodea and sensilla chaetica only distributed on the club, sawtooth shape sensilla on the scape and fanicles, while bud shape sensilla mainly on the base of scape.
Imperative Technical Problems to Be Solved and Strategies Recommended in Regions of the Protection Program of Chinese Natural Forests
LU Yuan-chang, ZHANG Shou-gong
2003, 16(6): 731-738.
Abstract:
The protection program of Chinese natural forests is a program aimed to the environmental improvement and the social and economic sustainable development of the vast montane regions and watershed areas of the main rivers in China.Due to the huge dimension of program areas and the great differences of natural and social conditions,different contradiction between ecological improvement and economic development are emerged and many problems have represented in asking for urgent integrated technical supporting.The basic contradiction and main problems in different region of the program were analysed in this paper,and 5 momentous technical problems,including reconstruction of degraded natural forests,development of non-woody forest productions,close-to-nature forest management and regulation,disasters control and forest health maintaining,and spatial-temporal analysis of resources dynamics,were summarized for attention.Aimed to solve these problems,theories and methods such as continuous cover forestry,near natural forest management,and monitoring of forest health,etc.were introduced and the related core technical details were discussed.
The Environment Problems Related with Forest/Vegetation and Water Resources in China and Future Research Requirements
WANG Yan-hui, JIN Min, YU Peng-tao
2003, 16(6): 739-747.
Abstract:
The water problems in China are serious, which limit the sustainable development of society and economy, such as the shortage of water resources, the uneven spatio-temporal distribution of water resources, water quality deterioration, water environment worsening, frequent drought and flood disasters, severe soil and water loss. Increasing the forest/vegetation coverage is an important approach for solving the water problems. Several large-scale ecological forestry programs are being carried out in China, and both theoretical and technical supports for the programs are urgently needed. However, the existing forest hydrological research results are not yet sufficient. The research contents are not enough integrated and systematic, the research scale is too small, the studied processes are in separate, there is a lack of knowledge about the water-stability of forest/vegetation, the regional forest hydrological influence can not be accurately predicted. The theory and technology to guide the regulation of forest-water relation and the watershed management are not yet fully developed. Therefore,the key points to be strengthened in future's research are suggested: encouraging the multi-section and multi-subject researches, the water consumption and water-stability of forest/vegetation, the mechanism and scale-effect of forest hydrological influences and their scale transformation, the prediction and evaluation of regional forest hydrological influences, the effect on water quality by forest/vegetation, the techniques of vegetation restoration/management as protection approach of water conservation district and watershed.
Development Tendency of Urban Forestry in the 21st Century
WANG Yan, PENG Zhen-hua, WANG Cheng
2003, 16(6): 748-753.
Abstract:
As a new subject of 20 century, urban forestry has been recognized all over the world,and lots of achievement have been obtained. Alonging with the fasten of urbanlization in the 21st century, urban forest is becoming an important subsystem of urban, and will be more adaptable to the urban development in zone control, dominant function, management. Urban forestry will be an important guarantee for the urban sustainable development. In this paper, 5 uptrend of the urban forestry in new century were discussed, they were (1)zone extending, radiating the suburban and village; (2)seeking the natural style of the distribution and structure of the urban forestry, towards the perfect amalgamation between the urban and forestry; (3)paying attention to combination of forest and water system, exerting the water system value in improvement urban environment; (4)emphasizing human's feeling, satisfing the healthiness of citizen;(5) re-figure urban civilization, subliming nationality forest culture.
Progress in the Selection of Plant Near Isogenic Lines and Its Application in the Genetic Improvement of Forest Trees
ZHUGE Qiang, ZHANG Bo, HUANG Min-ren, WANG Ming-xiu
2003, 16(6): 754-759.
Abstract:
Near isogenic lines were important base for the construction of molecular genetic maps, QTLs location and molecular markers-assisted breeding. There were several methods for the selection of near isogenic lines including selection by multiple continuous backcross, isolation from mutants, selection in the multiple continuous backcross combined with molecular markers and selection from the materials of higher generation.Progress on the selection and application of near isogenic lines of the important crops was described.Moreover,combined with characters of forest trees, an idea was put forward which was that plants of Salix with short cycle of growth should be selected for the establishment of near isogenic lines and would become a model species for the genetic improvement of forest trees on the base of the near isogenic lines of Salix.
Study on Chinese Gallnut
LI Zhi-guo, YANG Wen-yun, XIA Ding-jiu
2003, 16(6): 760-767.
Abstract:
This paper brief reviewed the application history of Chinese gallnut. The gallnut tannin basis component, the kinds of Chinese gallnut, gallnut aphids and its bio-ecology, the kinds of summer-hosts, winter-hosts were summarized. There were 14 kinds of Chinese gallnut that were come into 14 species or subspecies gallnut aphids on its summer-hosts respectively in China. The yield of horned gallnut, hard ensiform gallnut, egg-hard ensiform gallnut, shaped belly gallnut and inflorescence gallnut were roughly to occupy the total yield of Chinese gallnut of 80%. To protect and develope Chinese gallnut resources for making Chinese gallnut product to keep sustainable development,the authors must extend and apply successful techniques such as mature picking gallnut and to leave stirp gallnut and to develope new products.
Research and Development of Teak in China
MA Hua-ming, LIANG Kun-nan, ZHOU Zai-zhi
2003, 16(6): 768-773.
Abstract:
For forty years,the systematic study of teak(Tectona grandis)had been conducted in China,and the research on seed orchard,introduction,seeding raising,propagation,silviculture and genetic improvement for teak was fruitful and successful.In the paper,a overview of teak research during recent years on introduction and domestication,culture regionalization,seed treatment,seeding raising and seeding store,silviculture in China was summarized.The developmental prospect and research direction of teak in China were presented,which refered to further research on stand structure and function,resistance mechanism,cutting technique,wood properties and utilization percent,etc.
Compared on Biological Characteristics in 3 Types of Jinhua Fingered Citron
CHEN Bing-chu, SHENTU Wen-yue
2003, 16(6): 774-776.
Abstract:
Jinhua fingered citron has a grown near 500 years, and has possessed some spontaneous mutations. There are 3 types of Jinhua fingered citron now.Their characteristics of growth, reproduction, physiology and cold resistance were compared. It showed that the different type was planted according to different purpose of production. It would be selected the type one (chi jin wang zi) if the purpose of production was fruit. It would be selected the type three (bai yi xiu shi) if the purpose of production was miniature trees and rockery. And it would be selected the type two (qi yi tong zi) if the purpose of production were both fruit and miniature trees.
The Evaluation and Selection of Fast-Growing Indigenous Broad Leaved Tree Species in South China
LI Jian-min, CHEN Cun-ji, PAN Biao-zhi, LI Sheng, LIANG Yan-lan
2003, 16(6): 777-782.
Abstract:
Based on investigation on fast-growing, and high-yielding characters, site adaptability, economic character of broadleaved tree species, eighteen broadleaved tree species were evaluated by the method of polygonal decision. The results of comprehensive evaluation showed that six tree species were in the first class. They were in the sequence of Liriodendron chinenseManjglietia yuyuanensisMichelia fujianensisAltingia gracilipesCastanopsis carlesiiTsoongiodendron odorum.
A New Sapwood Rot on Seedlings of Prunus persica in Liaoning Province
LIU Chun-jing, ZHUANG Yan, SUN Xiang-qian, Wang Tie-sheng
2003, 16(6): 783-785.
Abstract:
A new sapwood rot on seedlings of Prunus persica, caused by Schizophyllum commune, was reported from Tieling City, Liaoning Province, Northeast China.The disease caused severe damage on 5 year-old seedlings of Prunus persica. The illustrated description of the pathogen was given. The infection route, damage and symptom of the disease were supplied. Schizophyllum commune infected other seedlings in the same area.