2006 Vol. 19, No. 4
Display Method:
Hybridizing Effect Analysis between Pinus elliottii var.elliottii and Pinus caribaea var.hondurensis
2006, 19(4): 409-415.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
One test plot was established in 1996 in Taishan,Guangdong,which included 24 crosses between 5 clones of Pinus caribaea var.hondurensis(PCH) and 11 clones of Pinus elliottii var.elliottii(PEE),8 PEE full-sib families and 9 PEE open-pollinated families,2 PEE×PCH seedlots from Australia,as well as one checklot from primary slash pine seed orchard in Taishan,Guangdong.All trees in the test were measured at the age of 9 for height and diameter at breast height(dbh).Individual volume was calculated by height and dbh.It was found the PEE×PCH hybrids produced great heteosis,the real average gain was 221.36% for volume.The order of growth increment between groups was PEE×PCH>PEE×PEE>PEE(op.)>CK.Fifteen hybrid families were selected in the test for their better growth performance.Their increment were from 10.96 m to 12.57 m,17.42 cm to 21.25 cm,0.156 2 m3 to 0.236 7 m3,141.75 m3 to 233.82 m3 for height,dbh,volume and volume per hectare,respectively.Their gains were from 216.19% to 379.15% for volume,compared to CK.Four hybrid parents which had more reliable and greater GHA values were selected;they were able to be used in massive hybridization.Significant positive correlation existed between the general combining ability(GCA) of height and general hybridizing ability(GHA) of height,dbh and volume,among clones of PEE.The growth performance of the PEE×PCH families was related closely with the GHA of their parents,especially with the sum of GHA of parents,the correlation coefficients were above 0.891 8.
One test plot was established in 1996 in Taishan,Guangdong,which included 24 crosses between 5 clones of Pinus caribaea var.hondurensis(PCH) and 11 clones of Pinus elliottii var.elliottii(PEE),8 PEE full-sib families and 9 PEE open-pollinated families,2 PEE×PCH seedlots from Australia,as well as one checklot from primary slash pine seed orchard in Taishan,Guangdong.All trees in the test were measured at the age of 9 for height and diameter at breast height(dbh).Individual volume was calculated by height and dbh.It was found the PEE×PCH hybrids produced great heteosis,the real average gain was 221.36% for volume.The order of growth increment between groups was PEE×PCH>PEE×PEE>PEE(op.)>CK.Fifteen hybrid families were selected in the test for their better growth performance.Their increment were from 10.96 m to 12.57 m,17.42 cm to 21.25 cm,0.156 2 m3 to 0.236 7 m3,141.75 m3 to 233.82 m3 for height,dbh,volume and volume per hectare,respectively.Their gains were from 216.19% to 379.15% for volume,compared to CK.Four hybrid parents which had more reliable and greater GHA values were selected;they were able to be used in massive hybridization.Significant positive correlation existed between the general combining ability(GCA) of height and general hybridizing ability(GHA) of height,dbh and volume,among clones of PEE.The growth performance of the PEE×PCH families was related closely with the GHA of their parents,especially with the sum of GHA of parents,the correlation coefficients were above 0.891 8.
2006, 19(4): 416-422.
Abstract:
In this paper,the precipitation variation was preliminarily studied in the Pailugou complex watershed on forest and grasses,which located in the Xishui research areas of Qilianshan Mountains.The results showed:(1)The precipitation in watershed had obvious seasonal change,plentiful in summer and autumn and rare in winter and spring;(2)The variation of precipitation was a result of comprehensive effects of atmospheric circulation and local micro-climatic and environmental factors.The local micro-climatic and environmental factors could probably more or less influence the precipitation.A markedly correlated linear regression relationship existed among the monthly precipitation(R,mm),vapor pressure(P,Pha),air temperature(T,℃),air humidity(W,%) and evaporation(E,mm): R =-98.206 3 + 11.735 3 P + 1.135 0 W + 0.086 1 E-2.294 6 T,the correlation coefficient is 0.948 6;(3)The point precipitation increased with elevation in certain range.In the elevation of 2 6003 300 m the precipitation increase rate per 100 meter in elevation was 4.95% in average.The annual precipitation declined with elevation hoisting when the elevation was over 3 300 m or closing the peak.Precipitation varied dependent on slope direction(or vegetation type) besides altitude,and the precipitation in shady slopes was about 7% higher than that in sunny slopes in the studied watershed.Difference vegetation type with same elevation and slope direction would not arouse precipitation discrepancy;⑷The watershed average time or annual precipitation could be comparatively accurately calculated from the measured time or annual precipitation in the climate station located near the watershed outlet with the mode Ⅱ.
In this paper,the precipitation variation was preliminarily studied in the Pailugou complex watershed on forest and grasses,which located in the Xishui research areas of Qilianshan Mountains.The results showed:(1)The precipitation in watershed had obvious seasonal change,plentiful in summer and autumn and rare in winter and spring;(2)The variation of precipitation was a result of comprehensive effects of atmospheric circulation and local micro-climatic and environmental factors.The local micro-climatic and environmental factors could probably more or less influence the precipitation.A markedly correlated linear regression relationship existed among the monthly precipitation(R,mm),vapor pressure(P,Pha),air temperature(T,℃),air humidity(W,%) and evaporation(E,mm): R =-98.206 3 + 11.735 3 P + 1.135 0 W + 0.086 1 E-2.294 6 T,the correlation coefficient is 0.948 6;(3)The point precipitation increased with elevation in certain range.In the elevation of 2 6003 300 m the precipitation increase rate per 100 meter in elevation was 4.95% in average.The annual precipitation declined with elevation hoisting when the elevation was over 3 300 m or closing the peak.Precipitation varied dependent on slope direction(or vegetation type) besides altitude,and the precipitation in shady slopes was about 7% higher than that in sunny slopes in the studied watershed.Difference vegetation type with same elevation and slope direction would not arouse precipitation discrepancy;⑷The watershed average time or annual precipitation could be comparatively accurately calculated from the measured time or annual precipitation in the climate station located near the watershed outlet with the mode Ⅱ.
2006, 19(4): 423-430.
Abstract:
The technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)was used to study the relationships of 12 populations from 7 species in the genus Kerria.A total of 288 samples were used in this study and 24 samples for each population.In 45 primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions,9 primers were informative and yielded a total of 121 clear and reproducible loci.The percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) was 97.52%.The amplified DNA loci of individual primer were 11～16,and their molecular size was 150～3 000 bp.The dendrogram were constructed based on Nei's genetic distance by UPGMA method.The cluster results showed the genetic distance between inter-population were 0.044 3～0.791 7,in which the average genetic distance among species was 0.443 0 while under species was 0.170 7.By analysis of molecular dendrogram,the genetic relationships among production species were discussed.
The technique of random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)was used to study the relationships of 12 populations from 7 species in the genus Kerria.A total of 288 samples were used in this study and 24 samples for each population.In 45 primers under predetermined optimal reaction conditions,9 primers were informative and yielded a total of 121 clear and reproducible loci.The percentage of polymorphic loci(PPB) was 97.52%.The amplified DNA loci of individual primer were 11～16,and their molecular size was 150～3 000 bp.The dendrogram were constructed based on Nei's genetic distance by UPGMA method.The cluster results showed the genetic distance between inter-population were 0.044 3～0.791 7,in which the average genetic distance among species was 0.443 0 while under species was 0.170 7.By analysis of molecular dendrogram,the genetic relationships among production species were discussed.
2006, 19(4): 431-435.
Abstract:
The insects in different layers of the spruce(Picea crassifolia) forest in difgerent latitude area in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve were investigated and analysed,using connection survey as the main method combining with tread survey and sift survey and with manpower collection and light collection.The results showed that the phytophagous insects in the spruce forest in Qilian Mountains exhibited obvious vertival stratification structure.According to the amounty of species of each structure,it could be divided into 6 insect communities,namely the insects community of fhe shrub and herbage(928 species),of the soil and root(780 species),of the tender end and needle(117 species),of the stem phloem and xylem(66 species),of the branch thin end twig shin(38 species),of the blossom and seed and fruit(14 species).According to the degree of infestation,from heavy to light,the insect communities followed the order of the tender end and tender needle,the stem phloem and xylem,the soil and root.The majority of the insects feeding on or parasitizing in Picea crassifolia were monophagous or oligophagous;the minority of them were polyphagous.The insects feeding on or parasitizing in the bush layer and grass layer were largely polyphagous,a few were oligophagous,the oligophagous insects were very few.The feeding parts on the tree of the majority of the insects were relatively fixed,but there were many insects feeding on several parts of trees.
The insects in different layers of the spruce(Picea crassifolia) forest in difgerent latitude area in Qilian Mountains Nature Reserve were investigated and analysed,using connection survey as the main method combining with tread survey and sift survey and with manpower collection and light collection.The results showed that the phytophagous insects in the spruce forest in Qilian Mountains exhibited obvious vertival stratification structure.According to the amounty of species of each structure,it could be divided into 6 insect communities,namely the insects community of fhe shrub and herbage(928 species),of the soil and root(780 species),of the tender end and needle(117 species),of the stem phloem and xylem(66 species),of the branch thin end twig shin(38 species),of the blossom and seed and fruit(14 species).According to the degree of infestation,from heavy to light,the insect communities followed the order of the tender end and tender needle,the stem phloem and xylem,the soil and root.The majority of the insects feeding on or parasitizing in Picea crassifolia were monophagous or oligophagous;the minority of them were polyphagous.The insects feeding on or parasitizing in the bush layer and grass layer were largely polyphagous,a few were oligophagous,the oligophagous insects were very few.The feeding parts on the tree of the majority of the insects were relatively fixed,but there were many insects feeding on several parts of trees.
2006, 19(4): 436-440.
Abstract:
Chemical compositions,fiber characteristics and pulping properties of Broussonetia papyrifera bark at different ages were researched in hot-valley of Jinsha River.The results showed that the paper mulberry bark has the characteristics of long-fiber,lower lignin content,higher holocellulose and well fiber shapes and is suitable for pulping.With the growing of trees,the chemical compositions of the lower aged bast increase slightly.But to 6—7 years trees,the pulping process are hampered for the glucose and lignin increased obviously while fiber and HNO3-C2H5OH content decreased sharply.1% NaOH extractives increased gradually and came up to the maximum when the tree was 6—7 years old.The fiber length,ratio of fiber length to width and fiber proportion increased with the growing of trees,coming up to the maximum when the tree was 3—5 years old,then declined obviously at the 6th year.2—4 years old trees have better strength and folding endurance and became stable at 5th—7th years.As a result,the ideal material of the high-quality fiber comes from 2—5 years old trees.Based on economic efficiency,2—3 years fiber material plantation rotation is proposed.
Chemical compositions,fiber characteristics and pulping properties of Broussonetia papyrifera bark at different ages were researched in hot-valley of Jinsha River.The results showed that the paper mulberry bark has the characteristics of long-fiber,lower lignin content,higher holocellulose and well fiber shapes and is suitable for pulping.With the growing of trees,the chemical compositions of the lower aged bast increase slightly.But to 6—7 years trees,the pulping process are hampered for the glucose and lignin increased obviously while fiber and HNO3-C2H5OH content decreased sharply.1% NaOH extractives increased gradually and came up to the maximum when the tree was 6—7 years old.The fiber length,ratio of fiber length to width and fiber proportion increased with the growing of trees,coming up to the maximum when the tree was 3—5 years old,then declined obviously at the 6th year.2—4 years old trees have better strength and folding endurance and became stable at 5th—7th years.As a result,the ideal material of the high-quality fiber comes from 2—5 years old trees.Based on economic efficiency,2—3 years fiber material plantation rotation is proposed.
2006, 19(4): 441-445.
Abstract:
Tests of seedling breeding and cuttage reproduction of Michelia chapensis were conducted at Shaowu city during 1993—2001.Four types of seedling breeding were adopted: densely sowing in greenhouse and transplanting,hill seeding,drilling,and throwing.Densely sowing in greenhouse and transplanting was the best,for it produced 225 000 1-year-old seedlings of 90.13 cm in height and 0.85 cm in ground diameter.Hill seeding and drilling were good but the latter better in production.Throwing produced large volume of seedlings but the quality of seedlings was poor.So throwing was rejected in production.Cuttage at the top(T),Middle(M) and base of twigs(B) were tested separately in cuttage reproduction.The rooting rates were 85%(T),63%(M) and 18%(B).In growth increment,T>M>B.The transplanting rates were all above 90% and had little variation among them.The 1-year-old seedlings of T were 156.2 cm in height and 1.32 cm in ground diameter.Therefore cuttage at the top was the best.
Tests of seedling breeding and cuttage reproduction of Michelia chapensis were conducted at Shaowu city during 1993—2001.Four types of seedling breeding were adopted: densely sowing in greenhouse and transplanting,hill seeding,drilling,and throwing.Densely sowing in greenhouse and transplanting was the best,for it produced 225 000 1-year-old seedlings of 90.13 cm in height and 0.85 cm in ground diameter.Hill seeding and drilling were good but the latter better in production.Throwing produced large volume of seedlings but the quality of seedlings was poor.So throwing was rejected in production.Cuttage at the top(T),Middle(M) and base of twigs(B) were tested separately in cuttage reproduction.The rooting rates were 85%(T),63%(M) and 18%(B).In growth increment,T>M>B.The transplanting rates were all above 90% and had little variation among them.The 1-year-old seedlings of T were 156.2 cm in height and 1.32 cm in ground diameter.Therefore cuttage at the top was the best.
2006, 19(4): 446-451.
Abstract:
Wounding of poplar trees leads to the accumulation of several mRNA species that encode proteins with putative defensive function.A Kuntiz trypsin inhibitor gene was isolated from Populus alba var.pyramidalis by RT-PCR.The gene was expressed in E.coli as recombinant protein and its product was shown to have inhibitor activity to trypsin in vitro.No evident affinity was found between the recombinant protein and bovine trypsin.Western blotting analysis showed that the recombinant protein could strongly recognize the antibody specifically for PtTI2 from trembling aspen.
Wounding of poplar trees leads to the accumulation of several mRNA species that encode proteins with putative defensive function.A Kuntiz trypsin inhibitor gene was isolated from Populus alba var.pyramidalis by RT-PCR.The gene was expressed in E.coli as recombinant protein and its product was shown to have inhibitor activity to trypsin in vitro.No evident affinity was found between the recombinant protein and bovine trypsin.Western blotting analysis showed that the recombinant protein could strongly recognize the antibody specifically for PtTI2 from trembling aspen.
2006, 19(4): 452-456.
Abstract:
Cephalotaxus fortunei provenance trails including 25 seed sources from 11 provinces,located at Mingxi of Fujian and Anji of Zhejiang,was used to study geographic variation of seed and seedling character(morphology and growth).The result of variance analysis indicated that there existed significant differences among provenances for seed and seedling morphology and growth.It was observed that the southeastern provenances possessed higher height growth rate with less branches and longer seeds,whereas the middle and western provenances possessed lower height growth rate with more branches and shorter seed.Cephalotaxus fortunei could be obviously divided into two types of long-leaf and short-leaf.The most provenances from the southeastern belong to the long-leaf type,while the most provenances from the middle and western belong to short-leaf type.The seed length,seedling height and branch quantity of long leaf type provenances were 116.8%、156.2% and 1.54% of short-leaf type ones.A classical latitude clinal variation pattern was found for seedling growth of long-leaf type provenances.Compared with the northern provenances,the southern ones had higher seedling growth rate.For the short-leaf provenances, there didn't existed a classical latitude clinal variation pattern for seedling growth,but the seedling diameter was positively related to the longitude of the seed source.
Cephalotaxus fortunei provenance trails including 25 seed sources from 11 provinces,located at Mingxi of Fujian and Anji of Zhejiang,was used to study geographic variation of seed and seedling character(morphology and growth).The result of variance analysis indicated that there existed significant differences among provenances for seed and seedling morphology and growth.It was observed that the southeastern provenances possessed higher height growth rate with less branches and longer seeds,whereas the middle and western provenances possessed lower height growth rate with more branches and shorter seed.Cephalotaxus fortunei could be obviously divided into two types of long-leaf and short-leaf.The most provenances from the southeastern belong to the long-leaf type,while the most provenances from the middle and western belong to short-leaf type.The seed length,seedling height and branch quantity of long leaf type provenances were 116.8%、156.2% and 1.54% of short-leaf type ones.A classical latitude clinal variation pattern was found for seedling growth of long-leaf type provenances.Compared with the northern provenances,the southern ones had higher seedling growth rate.For the short-leaf provenances, there didn't existed a classical latitude clinal variation pattern for seedling growth,but the seedling diameter was positively related to the longitude of the seed source.
2006, 19(4): 457-462.
Abstract:
From the view of wall thickness,lumen radial,the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radial,and crystal degree and wall lamellae,the variation of fiber wall in Phyllostachys edulis culms was studied using several methods.The results were as follows:the growing season of bamboo fiber was mainly from March to June in a year,and fiber wall underwent continual thickening with aging.In the first 3 years,fiber wall had a dominant thickening every year.Afterwards,the degree of thickening would decrease gradually.The multilamellate structure of fiber in alternate arrangement of narrow and broad lamellae could attribute to the regular change of climate in a year during secondary wall formation like the growth ring of dicotyledonous woody plants.The variation of crystal degree of fiber wall reflected the aggradation law of all kinds of chemical components during secondary wall formation of bamboo fiber.
From the view of wall thickness,lumen radial,the ratio of wall thickness to lumen radial,and crystal degree and wall lamellae,the variation of fiber wall in Phyllostachys edulis culms was studied using several methods.The results were as follows:the growing season of bamboo fiber was mainly from March to June in a year,and fiber wall underwent continual thickening with aging.In the first 3 years,fiber wall had a dominant thickening every year.Afterwards,the degree of thickening would decrease gradually.The multilamellate structure of fiber in alternate arrangement of narrow and broad lamellae could attribute to the regular change of climate in a year during secondary wall formation like the growth ring of dicotyledonous woody plants.The variation of crystal degree of fiber wall reflected the aggradation law of all kinds of chemical components during secondary wall formation of bamboo fiber.
2006, 19(4): 463-466.
Abstract:
The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used for the dynamic research of photosynthesis and transpiration of Amorpha fruticosa in Maowusu sandland,and the environmental factors were recorded at the same time.This paper analyzed the diurnal change of photosynthesis and transpiration of Amorpha fruticosa and the effect of environmental factors.The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate displayed two-peak pattern in June and July and the peaks were at 8:00 and 18:00,and it displayed one-peak pattern in August and September and the peak was at 12:00.The transpiration rate displayed two-peak pattern in June and July and the peaks were at 10:00 and 18:00 in June and at 10:00 and 16:00 in July,and it displayed one-peak pattern in August and September and the peak was at 12:00.The highest photosynthetic and transpiration rates were in August and they are 15.48 μmol·m -2·s –1and 5.87 mmol·m-2·s–1.Under the favorable conditions of soil moisture and light,the photosynthetic and transpiration rates were affected by air humidity obviously.In different months,the water use efficiency of Amorpha fruticosa was fluctuated,and this indicated that photosynthesis and transpiration were affected by environmental factors.
The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used for the dynamic research of photosynthesis and transpiration of Amorpha fruticosa in Maowusu sandland,and the environmental factors were recorded at the same time.This paper analyzed the diurnal change of photosynthesis and transpiration of Amorpha fruticosa and the effect of environmental factors.The results indicated that the photosynthetic rate displayed two-peak pattern in June and July and the peaks were at 8:00 and 18:00,and it displayed one-peak pattern in August and September and the peak was at 12:00.The transpiration rate displayed two-peak pattern in June and July and the peaks were at 10:00 and 18:00 in June and at 10:00 and 16:00 in July,and it displayed one-peak pattern in August and September and the peak was at 12:00.The highest photosynthetic and transpiration rates were in August and they are 15.48 μmol·m -2·s –1and 5.87 mmol·m-2·s–1.Under the favorable conditions of soil moisture and light,the photosynthetic and transpiration rates were affected by air humidity obviously.In different months,the water use efficiency of Amorpha fruticosa was fluctuated,and this indicated that photosynthesis and transpiration were affected by environmental factors.
2006, 19(4): 467-471.
Abstract:
This paper selected surface soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents to study the effects of plantation on soil nutrient in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley,then evaluated with grey relational analysis.Results are as below:(1) Surface soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents of 12-year old of Eucalyptus,Acacia glauca,Leucaena leucacephala increased much more than that of other 10-year old and 6-year old plantations.Surface soil organic matter contents of each plantation was higher than that of the control plot.Mixed forests could increase surface soil organic matter contents much more than that of pure forests.Surface soil organic matter contents of all plantations was under 0.1%.(2) The variation of available nitrogen was accordant with total nitrogen content.Available phosphorus content fluctuated much,available potassium content was abundant,pH value ranged from 4.44～6.42.(3) Through grey relational analysis,the E.camaldulensis + A.glauca mixed forest had the most effect on the soil nutrient most with the association coefficient of 0.651.The A.torulosa pure forest got the least with the association coefficient of 0.343.
This paper selected surface soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents to study the effects of plantation on soil nutrient in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley,then evaluated with grey relational analysis.Results are as below:(1) Surface soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents of 12-year old of Eucalyptus,Acacia glauca,Leucaena leucacephala increased much more than that of other 10-year old and 6-year old plantations.Surface soil organic matter contents of each plantation was higher than that of the control plot.Mixed forests could increase surface soil organic matter contents much more than that of pure forests.Surface soil organic matter contents of all plantations was under 0.1%.(2) The variation of available nitrogen was accordant with total nitrogen content.Available phosphorus content fluctuated much,available potassium content was abundant,pH value ranged from 4.44～6.42.(3) Through grey relational analysis,the E.camaldulensis + A.glauca mixed forest had the most effect on the soil nutrient most with the association coefficient of 0.651.The A.torulosa pure forest got the least with the association coefficient of 0.343.
2006, 19(4): 472-476.
Abstract:
Eight common ions in practice,such as Ag+,Na+,Ca2+,Cu2+,Mn2+,Pb2+,Zn2+and Fe2+ were selected for experiment.The short-term and long-term effects of ions on the Monochamus alternatus cellulase activity in vivo was studied.The result showed that activity reduced differently when concentration of ions were added except Fe2+ in experiment conditions.Among the inhibiting ions, the effect of Ag+,Cu2+ and Pb2+ were evident extremely.Because of heavy metal and high price,Ag+ and Pb2+ were limited in practice,and not suitable for cellulase inhibitor.None but Cu2+and Mn2+ can be applied in practice,especially Cu2+ have excellent applications potential.
Eight common ions in practice,such as Ag+,Na+,Ca2+,Cu2+,Mn2+,Pb2+,Zn2+and Fe2+ were selected for experiment.The short-term and long-term effects of ions on the Monochamus alternatus cellulase activity in vivo was studied.The result showed that activity reduced differently when concentration of ions were added except Fe2+ in experiment conditions.Among the inhibiting ions, the effect of Ag+,Cu2+ and Pb2+ were evident extremely.Because of heavy metal and high price,Ag+ and Pb2+ were limited in practice,and not suitable for cellulase inhibitor.None but Cu2+and Mn2+ can be applied in practice,especially Cu2+ have excellent applications potential.
2006, 19(4): 477-483.
Abstract:
The simple sequence repeat(SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently preferred in genetic analysis due to its highly desirable properties.13 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect genetic diversity among 120 Populus nigra L.gene resource.A total of 171 allels were observed among the polymorphic loci,7～19 SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 13.2 alleles per locus.13 pairs of SSR primers were polymorphic with the polymorphism information content(PIC) ranging from 0.396 to 0.909.The 120 clones were clustered based on the banding patterns generated by 13 polymorphic SSR loci.In general,this study indicates that SSRs are sufficiently abundant and polymorphic to be useful genetic markers in genetic diversity study of Populus nigra L.gene resources.This study provided theoretic basis for efficient utilization of these gene resources.
The simple sequence repeat(SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently preferred in genetic analysis due to its highly desirable properties.13 pairs of SSR primers were used to detect genetic diversity among 120 Populus nigra L.gene resource.A total of 171 allels were observed among the polymorphic loci,7～19 SSR alleles were detected for each locus with an average of 13.2 alleles per locus.13 pairs of SSR primers were polymorphic with the polymorphism information content(PIC) ranging from 0.396 to 0.909.The 120 clones were clustered based on the banding patterns generated by 13 polymorphic SSR loci.In general,this study indicates that SSRs are sufficiently abundant and polymorphic to be useful genetic markers in genetic diversity study of Populus nigra L.gene resources.This study provided theoretic basis for efficient utilization of these gene resources.
2006, 19(4): 484-487.
Abstract:
Lindtneria trachyspora(Bourdot & Galzin) Pilát and Trechispora nivea(Pers.) K.H.Larss.are newly reported from Qinghai and Shaanxi Province of northwest China.Both species occured on rotten angiosperm wood,and caused a white rot.The illustrated descriptions of the two species were given according to the Chinese specimens. 更多还原
Lindtneria trachyspora(Bourdot & Galzin) Pilát and Trechispora nivea(Pers.) K.H.Larss.are newly reported from Qinghai and Shaanxi Province of northwest China.Both species occured on rotten angiosperm wood,and caused a white rot.The illustrated descriptions of the two species were given according to the Chinese specimens. 更多还原
2006, 19(4): 488-490.
Abstract:
This paper studied the effects of different levels of 6-BA on the vitrification rate of Prunus cerasus and the changes of endogenous hormones level,determined endogenous hormones content in the buds and callus by EnZRyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays.The results showed that the high level of 6-BA would raise the vitrification rate;as 6-BA content was 0.5 mg·L-1,the vitrification rate was 0,as 6-BA content added to 3.0 mg·L-1,the vitrification rate was 95%.In callus of the vitrification seedling,IAA and GA3level were higher than that of the normal seedling,ZR content was the same;In buds of the vitrification seedling,ZR level was lower than that of the normal seedling,IAA and GA3 contents were equal.The high level of 6-BA would cause the dislocation of the endogenous hormones rate in the vitrification seedling.
This paper studied the effects of different levels of 6-BA on the vitrification rate of Prunus cerasus and the changes of endogenous hormones level,determined endogenous hormones content in the buds and callus by EnZRyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays.The results showed that the high level of 6-BA would raise the vitrification rate;as 6-BA content was 0.5 mg·L-1,the vitrification rate was 0,as 6-BA content added to 3.0 mg·L-1,the vitrification rate was 95%.In callus of the vitrification seedling,IAA and GA3level were higher than that of the normal seedling,ZR content was the same;In buds of the vitrification seedling,ZR level was lower than that of the normal seedling,IAA and GA3 contents were equal.The high level of 6-BA would cause the dislocation of the endogenous hormones rate in the vitrification seedling.
2006, 19(4): 491-496.
Abstract:
Contingent valuation method was used to estimate the non-use value of Zhalong wetland by investigating the willingness to pay(WTP).It was found that the non-use value of Zhalong wetland was about 4 934 million yuan·a-1,in which the existence value was 3 019 million yuan·a-1,its heritage value yuan·a-1,the selection value was 553 million yuan·a-1,and the mean WTP for Zhalong wetland was 40 yuan·a-1.The impact of total samples factors on WTP was also analyzed.The results showed that occupation,education level,awareness,and favour were extremely closely correlated with WTP,sexual distinction,professional title,income level were not correlated with WTP;age,occupation,awareness and favour were extremely correlated with the WTP value,the sexual distinction was closely correlated with WTP value,while the professional title and income were not correlated with WTP value.
Contingent valuation method was used to estimate the non-use value of Zhalong wetland by investigating the willingness to pay(WTP).It was found that the non-use value of Zhalong wetland was about 4 934 million yuan·a-1,in which the existence value was 3 019 million yuan·a-1,its heritage value yuan·a-1,the selection value was 553 million yuan·a-1,and the mean WTP for Zhalong wetland was 40 yuan·a-1.The impact of total samples factors on WTP was also analyzed.The results showed that occupation,education level,awareness,and favour were extremely closely correlated with WTP,sexual distinction,professional title,income level were not correlated with WTP;age,occupation,awareness and favour were extremely correlated with the WTP value,the sexual distinction was closely correlated with WTP value,while the professional title and income were not correlated with WTP value.
2006, 19(4): 497-503.
Abstract:
The standard was established for selecting broad leaved tree species for plantation in this research,based on analyzing the natural condition and the social economy in southwest Zhejiang according to the demand of industrial plantation of this area.The increment,adaptability,planting characteristics and economic characteristics were the main basis for tree species selection,11 evaluation indexes were determined,The 5-grade marking system was used to set the grading standard for each index,Analytic Hierarchy Process was also used to determine the weight of each index.According to the score and weight of each index,20 selected trees(clones)chosen by site investigation and information search were integrative evaluated.The result showed,Toona ciliate var.pubescens,Populus deltoides,Eucalyptus dunnii,Choerospondias axillaris,Toona sinensis,Melia azedarach,Zenia insignis and Alnus cremastogyne etc.had good representation for integrative evaluation.According to the tree species characteristics and site condition of southwest Zhejiang,it was suggested that Toona ciliate var.pubescenes,Choerospondias axillaris,Toona sinensis,Alnus cremastogyne and Populus deltoides could be used as the main broad leaved tree species for the present fast-growing industrial plantation in southwest Zhejiang and first extended with adjusting measures to local conditions,Zenia insignis could be tested and developed selecting cold resistance seed sources.
The standard was established for selecting broad leaved tree species for plantation in this research,based on analyzing the natural condition and the social economy in southwest Zhejiang according to the demand of industrial plantation of this area.The increment,adaptability,planting characteristics and economic characteristics were the main basis for tree species selection,11 evaluation indexes were determined,The 5-grade marking system was used to set the grading standard for each index,Analytic Hierarchy Process was also used to determine the weight of each index.According to the score and weight of each index,20 selected trees(clones)chosen by site investigation and information search were integrative evaluated.The result showed,Toona ciliate var.pubescens,Populus deltoides,Eucalyptus dunnii,Choerospondias axillaris,Toona sinensis,Melia azedarach,Zenia insignis and Alnus cremastogyne etc.had good representation for integrative evaluation.According to the tree species characteristics and site condition of southwest Zhejiang,it was suggested that Toona ciliate var.pubescenes,Choerospondias axillaris,Toona sinensis,Alnus cremastogyne and Populus deltoides could be used as the main broad leaved tree species for the present fast-growing industrial plantation in southwest Zhejiang and first extended with adjusting measures to local conditions,Zenia insignis could be tested and developed selecting cold resistance seed sources.
2006, 19(4): 504-508.
Abstract:
In order to confirm the effect that reasonable disposition of multi-tree species has the potential to increase resistance of trees to Anoplophora glabripennis,three different disposition model forests were sampled in experimental forest belonging to Xinhuaqiao Farm of Tree Seed and Seeding in Ningxia.By conducting stem analysis for standard tree of P.alba var.pyramidalis,the increments of P.alba var.pyramidalis within three disposition models were cpmpared.The results are described as follows,there were significant differences in the height and timber volume within three different disposition model forest(difference level 99%),but no significant difference in dbh of P.alba var.pyramidalis was observed.(Among) them,the individual P.alba var.pyramidalis with the greatest increment of total timber volume was that in mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo,followed by that in mixded forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.'Opera'and that in the pure forest of P. alba var.pyramidalis.More or less,the growth status of P.alba var.pyramidalis in the mixed forest with multi-tree species disposition was better than that in pure forest.While,the comparison of the increments of total timber volume per ha of three different disposition model forests showed that the largest one was that in the mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo,followed by that in the pure forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and that in mixded forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.'Opera'.Taking into account the individual timber volume increments and the total increments of forest tree timber volume per ha,was showed that the mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo was the best among the 3 models.
In order to confirm the effect that reasonable disposition of multi-tree species has the potential to increase resistance of trees to Anoplophora glabripennis,three different disposition model forests were sampled in experimental forest belonging to Xinhuaqiao Farm of Tree Seed and Seeding in Ningxia.By conducting stem analysis for standard tree of P.alba var.pyramidalis,the increments of P.alba var.pyramidalis within three disposition models were cpmpared.The results are described as follows,there were significant differences in the height and timber volume within three different disposition model forest(difference level 99%),but no significant difference in dbh of P.alba var.pyramidalis was observed.(Among) them,the individual P.alba var.pyramidalis with the greatest increment of total timber volume was that in mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo,followed by that in mixded forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.'Opera'and that in the pure forest of P. alba var.pyramidalis.More or less,the growth status of P.alba var.pyramidalis in the mixed forest with multi-tree species disposition was better than that in pure forest.While,the comparison of the increments of total timber volume per ha of three different disposition model forests showed that the largest one was that in the mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo,followed by that in the pure forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and that in mixded forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Populus×xiaozhuanica cv.'Opera'.Taking into account the individual timber volume increments and the total increments of forest tree timber volume per ha,was showed that the mixed forest of P.alba var.pyramidalis and Acer negundo was the best among the 3 models.
2006, 19(4): 509-512.
Abstract:
In this paper,the influencing factors of inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) were analyzed by using genomic DNA of Lycoris radiata.By adjusting the concentration of template DNA,Mg2+,dNTPs and primer,the contents of Taq DNA polymerase and the different temperature,the stable and reproducible optimum reaction system of ISSR-PCR amplification and PCR amplification parameters were established for L.radiata.The optimal system contains 20 ng template DNA,1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,150 μmol·L-1 dNTPs and 0.5 mmol·L-1 primer in 25 μL reaction volume.The amplification program was: after l cycle initial denaturation at 94 ℃ for 5 min,each 45 cycles consist of 94 ℃ 45 s,55 ℃ 50 s,72 ℃ 2 min,then final extension was at 72 ℃ for 7 min.
In this paper,the influencing factors of inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) were analyzed by using genomic DNA of Lycoris radiata.By adjusting the concentration of template DNA,Mg2+,dNTPs and primer,the contents of Taq DNA polymerase and the different temperature,the stable and reproducible optimum reaction system of ISSR-PCR amplification and PCR amplification parameters were established for L.radiata.The optimal system contains 20 ng template DNA,1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase,2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+,150 μmol·L-1 dNTPs and 0.5 mmol·L-1 primer in 25 μL reaction volume.The amplification program was: after l cycle initial denaturation at 94 ℃ for 5 min,each 45 cycles consist of 94 ℃ 45 s,55 ℃ 50 s,72 ℃ 2 min,then final extension was at 72 ℃ for 7 min.
2006, 19(4): 513-516.
Abstract:
The functions of plant landscapes were classified by means of a new discussion in this paper.A new concept,connotation and types of functional landscape are put forward.The application values of functional landscape theory are in(1)giving a clearer target of landscape design;(2)developing a evaluation method for a landscape design;(3)making the integrating benefits of plant landscapes more effectively. 更多还原
The functions of plant landscapes were classified by means of a new discussion in this paper.A new concept,connotation and types of functional landscape are put forward.The application values of functional landscape theory are in(1)giving a clearer target of landscape design;(2)developing a evaluation method for a landscape design;(3)making the integrating benefits of plant landscapes more effectively. 更多还原
2006, 19(4): 517-522.
Abstract:
Taking the forest park of Zhangjiajie scenic area as an example,the study analyzed and appraised each service function in the area from 1990 to 2000.The result indicated that according to the evaluation result,the service function of the ecosystem in the scenic area was enhanced nearly doubled during the ten years;from the value constitution,compared 2000 with 1990,the function of providing product and supporting increased to different extents.From the sole function target,compared 2000 with 1990,there were six kinds of function targets—forest by-products and agricultural products,maintenance of soil,conservation of water,purification of environment,leisure tourism,and maintenance of biodiversity—whose service function value of the ecosystem in the scenic area was added;while forest product,fixed C,circulation of nutrients and photosynthesis reduced.The above tendency of the change, on the one hand,reflected that with the people's living standard improved,the scenic area attracted more and more tourists due to its unique natural condition and landscape.Its cultural function obtained the full display and the total value got a great growth.On the other hand,with tourist income increasing rapidly,the development of the scenic area was shifted from forest product and agricultural product to the protection of the natural resources and the tourist development.To some extents,it promoted the ecosystem conservation in the scenic area and caused the improvement of the regional forest ecosystem and the quality of the overall ecological environment.
Taking the forest park of Zhangjiajie scenic area as an example,the study analyzed and appraised each service function in the area from 1990 to 2000.The result indicated that according to the evaluation result,the service function of the ecosystem in the scenic area was enhanced nearly doubled during the ten years;from the value constitution,compared 2000 with 1990,the function of providing product and supporting increased to different extents.From the sole function target,compared 2000 with 1990,there were six kinds of function targets—forest by-products and agricultural products,maintenance of soil,conservation of water,purification of environment,leisure tourism,and maintenance of biodiversity—whose service function value of the ecosystem in the scenic area was added;while forest product,fixed C,circulation of nutrients and photosynthesis reduced.The above tendency of the change, on the one hand,reflected that with the people's living standard improved,the scenic area attracted more and more tourists due to its unique natural condition and landscape.Its cultural function obtained the full display and the total value got a great growth.On the other hand,with tourist income increasing rapidly,the development of the scenic area was shifted from forest product and agricultural product to the protection of the natural resources and the tourist development.To some extents,it promoted the ecosystem conservation in the scenic area and caused the improvement of the regional forest ecosystem and the quality of the overall ecological environment.
2006, 19(4): 523-526.
Abstract:
Soils under broad-leaved,masson pine,Chinese fir and bamboo forests in the area of Huzhou,Zhejiang were collected and analyzed in January 2000.Soil total organic carbon(TOC) under broad-leaved and bamboo forests were considerately higher than(PPP<0.01)with the correspondent TOCs.
Soils under broad-leaved,masson pine,Chinese fir and bamboo forests in the area of Huzhou,Zhejiang were collected and analyzed in January 2000.Soil total organic carbon(TOC) under broad-leaved and bamboo forests were considerately higher than(PPP<0.01)with the correspondent TOCs.
2006, 19(4): 527-531.
Abstract:
Soil culture experiments at two phosphorus levels were conducted to study the physiological responses(including chlorophyll content,MDA and soluble protein content,and APase activity in roots and leaves) of six Liriodendron chinese provenances with different phosphorus efficiency(PE). The result showed that low phosphorus stress would decelerate seedling growth and leaf development,lessen chlorophyll content and MDA content in leaves,and promote APase activity in root.There existed marked differences in physiological response among provenances with various PE under low phosphorus stress.It was found that the provenances with high PE possessed more and larger leaves,higher chlorophyll and soluble protein content than those provenances with low PE.Change of MDA content in leaves of provenances with high PE was small at two phosphorus levels,which meant the provenances with high PE were more resistive to environment stress.
Soil culture experiments at two phosphorus levels were conducted to study the physiological responses(including chlorophyll content,MDA and soluble protein content,and APase activity in roots and leaves) of six Liriodendron chinese provenances with different phosphorus efficiency(PE). The result showed that low phosphorus stress would decelerate seedling growth and leaf development,lessen chlorophyll content and MDA content in leaves,and promote APase activity in root.There existed marked differences in physiological response among provenances with various PE under low phosphorus stress.It was found that the provenances with high PE possessed more and larger leaves,higher chlorophyll and soluble protein content than those provenances with low PE.Change of MDA content in leaves of provenances with high PE was small at two phosphorus levels,which meant the provenances with high PE were more resistive to environment stress.
2006, 19(4): 532-536.
Abstract:
On July 23rd 2003,Leizhou Peninsula was attacked by typhoon "IMBUDO",when the author investigated the capacity of wind ressitance of 27 Eucalyptus clones and different aged stands of E.urophylla U6,and E.ABL 12 W5 clones.Several methods including comparison,variance analysis,and regression analysis,were used to analyze the relationship between growth period,stand densitiy,direction,and the characteristics of Eucalyptus clones and wind-resistance.The results showed that the wind-resistance of Eucalyptus clones was closely correlated with the age,density,and direction of the stand.The difference of clones in tree height,DBH increment and timber density led to the significantly difference in wind-resistance.The following Ecualytpus clones with strong wind-resistance were selected:MJ41,MJ53,MJ57,MJ43,MJ45,W5,EC1,W6,W2,and ZU6.
On July 23rd 2003,Leizhou Peninsula was attacked by typhoon "IMBUDO",when the author investigated the capacity of wind ressitance of 27 Eucalyptus clones and different aged stands of E.urophylla U6,and E.ABL 12 W5 clones.Several methods including comparison,variance analysis,and regression analysis,were used to analyze the relationship between growth period,stand densitiy,direction,and the characteristics of Eucalyptus clones and wind-resistance.The results showed that the wind-resistance of Eucalyptus clones was closely correlated with the age,density,and direction of the stand.The difference of clones in tree height,DBH increment and timber density led to the significantly difference in wind-resistance.The following Ecualytpus clones with strong wind-resistance were selected:MJ41,MJ53,MJ57,MJ43,MJ45,W5,EC1,W6,W2,and ZU6.
2006, 19(4): 537-540.
Abstract:
44 isolates of fungi were isolated from the xylem of the Pinus thunbergii samples(healthy stem,weak stem and withered stem)infected by the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,from infected trees at Zhoushan and Pinghu of Zhejiang Province in China,and these isolates were identified as:Trichoderma spp.,Penicillium spp.,Pestalotia spp.These identified isolates took 70.62% of total isolates of the fungi.Among the 12 isolates unidentified,one sporiferous fungus was found,the other 11 isolates were nonsporiferous.Trichoderma spp.was the dominant fungus in P.thunbergii,the total rate was 53.34%,followed by Penicillium spp.,18.89%.
44 isolates of fungi were isolated from the xylem of the Pinus thunbergii samples(healthy stem,weak stem and withered stem)infected by the pine wilt disease caused by pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,from infected trees at Zhoushan and Pinghu of Zhejiang Province in China,and these isolates were identified as:Trichoderma spp.,Penicillium spp.,Pestalotia spp.These identified isolates took 70.62% of total isolates of the fungi.Among the 12 isolates unidentified,one sporiferous fungus was found,the other 11 isolates were nonsporiferous.Trichoderma spp.was the dominant fungus in P.thunbergii,the total rate was 53.34%,followed by Penicillium spp.,18.89%.
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