2008 Vol. 21, No. 5
Display Method:
2008, 21(5): 593-598.
[Abstract]
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Abstract:
Random Amp lified Polymorphic DNA was used to estimate the outcrossing rate and gene flow ofAzadirachta indica introduced to Yuanmou County and Honghe County, Yunnan, China. Seven trees from fourpopulationswere chosen as the maternal parents, and each of their ripe seedswas collected. After germination, 23seedlings of each maternal tree were randomly selected as sib code to estimate the outcrossing rate. Each p rimeridentified outcrossed offsp ring, characterized by DNA fragments that maternal trees do not have. The cumulativeoutcrossing rate of each mother tree was calculated by a total of 12 p rimers. The average outcrossing rate of neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) was 96. 27% , with a high 95% confidence interval from 93. 50% through 99. 05%.The Daheigong population was also used for a gene flow test among the 4 populations. Two mother trees, E and F,were maternal parents, and 96 trees around them were paternal parents. Two methods, genetic exclusion andmaximum likelihood, were used to estimate gene flow of the population. With 12 p rimers, each of 2 paternal treeswas confirmed to have dispersed pollen to E and F by genetic exclusion. And maximum likelihood results indicatedthat 3 paternal trees had distributed pollen to maternal tree E, while 10 paternal trees had distributed pollen tomaternal tree F. According to the map, 52. 9% of pollen dispersal was as far as 30—50 m, and the amount ofdownwind distribution was not significantly distinct from the upwind.
Random Amp lified Polymorphic DNA was used to estimate the outcrossing rate and gene flow ofAzadirachta indica introduced to Yuanmou County and Honghe County, Yunnan, China. Seven trees from fourpopulationswere chosen as the maternal parents, and each of their ripe seedswas collected. After germination, 23seedlings of each maternal tree were randomly selected as sib code to estimate the outcrossing rate. Each p rimeridentified outcrossed offsp ring, characterized by DNA fragments that maternal trees do not have. The cumulativeoutcrossing rate of each mother tree was calculated by a total of 12 p rimers. The average outcrossing rate of neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) was 96. 27% , with a high 95% confidence interval from 93. 50% through 99. 05%.The Daheigong population was also used for a gene flow test among the 4 populations. Two mother trees, E and F,were maternal parents, and 96 trees around them were paternal parents. Two methods, genetic exclusion andmaximum likelihood, were used to estimate gene flow of the population. With 12 p rimers, each of 2 paternal treeswas confirmed to have dispersed pollen to E and F by genetic exclusion. And maximum likelihood results indicatedthat 3 paternal trees had distributed pollen to maternal tree E, while 10 paternal trees had distributed pollen tomaternal tree F. According to the map, 52. 9% of pollen dispersal was as far as 30—50 m, and the amount ofdownwind distribution was not significantly distinct from the upwind.
2008, 21(5): 599-604.
Abstract:
Based on the morphological study, 22 apomorphies including the length of anal tubercle and height ofbranchia were selected for the attemp t to interp ret the phylogenetic relationship s among seven species of lac insectsby a cladistic app roach in this study. Results show that K. chinensis is the earliest diverging member in case of itsspecialmorphological characters. The other six species are stably divided into two natural group s. In one group, K.sindica and K. lacca have the closest relationship and formed as sister taxon with much similarity in morphology.The two species both distribute in trop ical zone of India subcontinent and belong to p rimitive species. In the othergroup , K. nepa lensis is the archaic divergingmember followed by K. pusana. K. ruralis and K. yunnanensis are thenewest specieswith similarmorphology and form a sister group. The latter four speciesmainly distribute in trop icaland sub2trop ic zones of Asia and Europe. The externalmorphology of lac insects have close relationship with theirgeographic distribution and living surroundings.
Based on the morphological study, 22 apomorphies including the length of anal tubercle and height ofbranchia were selected for the attemp t to interp ret the phylogenetic relationship s among seven species of lac insectsby a cladistic app roach in this study. Results show that K. chinensis is the earliest diverging member in case of itsspecialmorphological characters. The other six species are stably divided into two natural group s. In one group, K.sindica and K. lacca have the closest relationship and formed as sister taxon with much similarity in morphology.The two species both distribute in trop ical zone of India subcontinent and belong to p rimitive species. In the othergroup , K. nepa lensis is the archaic divergingmember followed by K. pusana. K. ruralis and K. yunnanensis are thenewest specieswith similarmorphology and form a sister group. The latter four speciesmainly distribute in trop icaland sub2trop ic zones of Asia and Europe. The externalmorphology of lac insects have close relationship with theirgeographic distribution and living surroundings.
2008, 21(5): 605-610.
Abstract:
The paper used spatial structure parameters of the angle index, mingling, neighborhood comparison anddiameter distribution, layer number, species diversity indictor to study the community of Quercus aliena var.acu teserrata natural forest in Baihua Forest Farm on Xiaolongshan. The result showed that the near-virgin forest hada high tree species diversity and its tree species composition was abundant. Besides many common tree species,there are also some rare tree species in the community; its diameter distribution demonstrated the typical unevenOaged forest feature and the pattern of horizontal distribution was random, the angle index value was 0. 489; the treespecies segregation was higher and the average value ofminglingwas 0. 598. In the community, about 78. 6% treespmingling value was 0. 75 or 1; the neighborhood comparison order was B etu la platyphylla > S orbus hupehensis >Toxicodendron vern icif lum > Quercus a liena var. acuteserrata > L indera obtusiloba > Pinus arm andi > Tiliapaucicostata > Carpinus tu rczaninow ii > Acer david ii > S taphy lea holocarpa taking the dbh as the comparisonindictor; in vertical structure the community average layer numberwas 2. 3 and itwas obvious differentiated.
The paper used spatial structure parameters of the angle index, mingling, neighborhood comparison anddiameter distribution, layer number, species diversity indictor to study the community of Quercus aliena var.acu teserrata natural forest in Baihua Forest Farm on Xiaolongshan. The result showed that the near-virgin forest hada high tree species diversity and its tree species composition was abundant. Besides many common tree species,there are also some rare tree species in the community; its diameter distribution demonstrated the typical unevenOaged forest feature and the pattern of horizontal distribution was random, the angle index value was 0. 489; the treespecies segregation was higher and the average value ofminglingwas 0. 598. In the community, about 78. 6% treespmingling value was 0. 75 or 1; the neighborhood comparison order was B etu la platyphylla > S orbus hupehensis >Toxicodendron vern icif lum > Quercus a liena var. acuteserrata > L indera obtusiloba > Pinus arm andi > Tiliapaucicostata > Carpinus tu rczaninow ii > Acer david ii > S taphy lea holocarpa taking the dbh as the comparisonindictor; in vertical structure the community average layer numberwas 2. 3 and itwas obvious differentiated.
2008, 21(5): 611-618.
Abstract:
A PAL gene fragment with 866 bp length ( named as SjPAL ) was cloned from Sophora japonica by RTP-CR and using a pair of degenerated p rimers, which were designed basing on the sequence of other p lant PAL genesconserved region. The deduced SjPAL polypep tide showed high identities ( > 87% ) to other p lant PAL amino acidsvia sequence analysis, and contained the similar active sites in PAL p roteins of O ryza sativa and A rabidopsis.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the SjPAL had a closer relationship with PAL p roteins from leguminous p lantspecies. RTP-CR analysis revealed that the relative abundance of SjPAL mRNA in root and stem was about threetimes as in leaf. Utilizing anti-sense RNA technology, SjPAL gene was inserted directionally into pB I121, a p lantexp ression vector, to construct an anti-sense fusion gene and a p lant exp ression vector pB I121-PAL. Genetictransformation to A rabidopsis was mediated by EHA105. Transgenic A rabidopsis lines were performed using PCR,Northern blot, PAL activity of per unit material, and total polyphenolic and flavonoid concentration analysis. Theresults showed that the exp ression level of PAL gene, PAL activities of per unitmaterial, and total polyphenolic andflavonoid concentration of transformed lines were all significantly lower than the wild control. The p resent studiesp rovided an experimental basis for further genetic transformation in S. japonica of SjPAL gene anti-sense exp ressionvector to imp rove its rooting ability in regeneration system via regulating its phenolic compound content.
A PAL gene fragment with 866 bp length ( named as SjPAL ) was cloned from Sophora japonica by RTP-CR and using a pair of degenerated p rimers, which were designed basing on the sequence of other p lant PAL genesconserved region. The deduced SjPAL polypep tide showed high identities ( > 87% ) to other p lant PAL amino acidsvia sequence analysis, and contained the similar active sites in PAL p roteins of O ryza sativa and A rabidopsis.Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the SjPAL had a closer relationship with PAL p roteins from leguminous p lantspecies. RTP-CR analysis revealed that the relative abundance of SjPAL mRNA in root and stem was about threetimes as in leaf. Utilizing anti-sense RNA technology, SjPAL gene was inserted directionally into pB I121, a p lantexp ression vector, to construct an anti-sense fusion gene and a p lant exp ression vector pB I121-PAL. Genetictransformation to A rabidopsis was mediated by EHA105. Transgenic A rabidopsis lines were performed using PCR,Northern blot, PAL activity of per unit material, and total polyphenolic and flavonoid concentration analysis. Theresults showed that the exp ression level of PAL gene, PAL activities of per unitmaterial, and total polyphenolic andflavonoid concentration of transformed lines were all significantly lower than the wild control. The p resent studiesp rovided an experimental basis for further genetic transformation in S. japonica of SjPAL gene anti-sense exp ressionvector to imp rove its rooting ability in regeneration system via regulating its phenolic compound content.
2008, 21(5): 619-624.
Abstract:
Parts of rhizobium collected from Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and the specimen stored in the laboratory ofResearch Institute of Trop ical Forestry were used to study their phosphorus-dissolving ability. 40 isolates wereselected from over 200 rhizobium isolates. By checking their ability of dissolving inorganic and organic phosphorusin solid media and liquid media, 2 isolates ( G7-3 and DH001) which had stronger phosphorus-dissolving abilitywere chosen. The quantity of phosphorus G7-3 could dissolved in inorganic and organic media were 4. 142 μg·mL-1 and 9. 944 μg ·mL-1 , respectively, which were significantly different from the others. In inorganicphosphorus liquid media, DH001 inμg thalli dissolved 0. 086 7 μg of phosphorus, which had notable differencewith the others. 16S rDNA sequence was used to analyze the isolates selected, it is found that all the isolateswererhizobium excep t H1-1-1 and H2-1-2.
Parts of rhizobium collected from Hainan, Fujian, Guangdong and the specimen stored in the laboratory ofResearch Institute of Trop ical Forestry were used to study their phosphorus-dissolving ability. 40 isolates wereselected from over 200 rhizobium isolates. By checking their ability of dissolving inorganic and organic phosphorusin solid media and liquid media, 2 isolates ( G7-3 and DH001) which had stronger phosphorus-dissolving abilitywere chosen. The quantity of phosphorus G7-3 could dissolved in inorganic and organic media were 4. 142 μg·mL-1 and 9. 944 μg ·mL-1 , respectively, which were significantly different from the others. In inorganicphosphorus liquid media, DH001 inμg thalli dissolved 0. 086 7 μg of phosphorus, which had notable differencewith the others. 16S rDNA sequence was used to analyze the isolates selected, it is found that all the isolateswererhizobium excep t H1-1-1 and H2-1-2.
2008, 21(5): 625-629.
Abstract:
The main factors affected Cinnam om um cam phor yellowing in urban area were investigated, and somenutrient elements in soil and leaveswere determined. The results showed that there were many factors as the causesof camphor-tree yellowing and the key factorswere the root covered tightlywith the cement; the soil polluted by thebuilding garbage or waste or the sewage; soil PH value too high; the soil texture too clay and harden which causedby human activity, and im-balance of nutrient elements, etc. . In soilmineral elements, the severity of yellowingwaspositively correlated with the contents of the available potassium, boron, copper, zinc; and negatively correlatedwith that of the organic matter, available ferric, nitrogen, phosphorus, and manganese. In leaves the contents ofavailable nitrogen, zinc, ferric, and manganese increased with the decrease of disease index and that of sulphur,calcium, boron and copper decrease with the increase of disease index.
The main factors affected Cinnam om um cam phor yellowing in urban area were investigated, and somenutrient elements in soil and leaveswere determined. The results showed that there were many factors as the causesof camphor-tree yellowing and the key factorswere the root covered tightlywith the cement; the soil polluted by thebuilding garbage or waste or the sewage; soil PH value too high; the soil texture too clay and harden which causedby human activity, and im-balance of nutrient elements, etc. . In soilmineral elements, the severity of yellowingwaspositively correlated with the contents of the available potassium, boron, copper, zinc; and negatively correlatedwith that of the organic matter, available ferric, nitrogen, phosphorus, and manganese. In leaves the contents ofavailable nitrogen, zinc, ferric, and manganese increased with the decrease of disease index and that of sulphur,calcium, boron and copper decrease with the increase of disease index.
2008, 21(5): 630-634.
Abstract:
In order to make sure the latent infection and rotting stage of the ring rot disease caused by Physalospora piricola,the fruit was bagged and un-bagged at different after blossom,and the smearing and inoculation with Physalospora piricola spore were also conducted regularly during the growth of fruit.The results showed that the main infection time of P.piricola to the pear fruit was from 50 d to 70 d after blossom,the infection was also occurred after 110 d of blossom,but it was not easy to be infected within 50 d after blossom.The pathogen was easily infected the fruit through tiny wound.The rotting fruit was mainly took place at the stage of 40～60 d after harvest at the step-cooling storage condition.The fruit inoculated with spore solution at growth stage was more easily decayed than the control.
In order to make sure the latent infection and rotting stage of the ring rot disease caused by Physalospora piricola,the fruit was bagged and un-bagged at different after blossom,and the smearing and inoculation with Physalospora piricola spore were also conducted regularly during the growth of fruit.The results showed that the main infection time of P.piricola to the pear fruit was from 50 d to 70 d after blossom,the infection was also occurred after 110 d of blossom,but it was not easy to be infected within 50 d after blossom.The pathogen was easily infected the fruit through tiny wound.The rotting fruit was mainly took place at the stage of 40～60 d after harvest at the step-cooling storage condition.The fruit inoculated with spore solution at growth stage was more easily decayed than the control.
2008, 21(5): 635-639.
Abstract:
The photosynthetic characteristics for 4 cultivars of Cata lpa were studied in field on typ ical sunny days .The results as follows: (1) For Changguoqiu, Mimaohuiqiu, C. fargesii and Guangyeqiu , their light saturation pointwas 1 200μmol·m-2·s-1 ; And the compensation point of photosynthesis varied, which were 53. 34, 64. 82, 66. 74and 98. 91μmol·m-2·s-1 , respectively; (2) The apparent quantum yields (AQY) were 0. 427, 0. 393, 0. 354 and0. 349, respectively. For the 4 cultivars of Catalpa, Changguoqiu had the highest value of Pn , Tr and Cs, and C.fargesii andMimaohuiqiu were the second and the Guangyeqiu were the lowest when photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) was higher than 1 000μmol·m-2·s-1. Meanwhile, The value of Ci in leaves of the 4 cultivars of Catalpadeclined gradually. Changguoqiu was the lowest and the highest in Guangyeqiu. (3) Through regression analysis ofthe ecological factors , the authors obtained that Changguoqiu had the highest photosynthetic characteristics, and itwould p rovide fundamental information for building of Changguoqiu district between Yangtze Riverpto Huaihe Riverp.
The photosynthetic characteristics for 4 cultivars of Cata lpa were studied in field on typ ical sunny days .The results as follows: (1) For Changguoqiu, Mimaohuiqiu, C. fargesii and Guangyeqiu , their light saturation pointwas 1 200μmol·m-2·s-1 ; And the compensation point of photosynthesis varied, which were 53. 34, 64. 82, 66. 74and 98. 91μmol·m-2·s-1 , respectively; (2) The apparent quantum yields (AQY) were 0. 427, 0. 393, 0. 354 and0. 349, respectively. For the 4 cultivars of Catalpa, Changguoqiu had the highest value of Pn , Tr and Cs, and C.fargesii andMimaohuiqiu were the second and the Guangyeqiu were the lowest when photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) was higher than 1 000μmol·m-2·s-1. Meanwhile, The value of Ci in leaves of the 4 cultivars of Catalpadeclined gradually. Changguoqiu was the lowest and the highest in Guangyeqiu. (3) Through regression analysis ofthe ecological factors , the authors obtained that Changguoqiu had the highest photosynthetic characteristics, and itwould p rovide fundamental information for building of Changguoqiu district between Yangtze Riverpto Huaihe Riverp.
2008, 21(5): 640-646.
Abstract:
The evergreen broad-leaved forestwas one type of generally the firstmajor secondary forests following p inedeaths by the p ine wood nematode. B ird community was investigated in the mid-aged p ine forest and evergreenbroad-leaved forest infested for 1- years by the p ine wood nematode. The comparison study showed that in studiedarea, the bird species diversity and evenness didnpt differ significantly between the p ine forest and the evergreenbroad-leaved forest, and the total species number of the two type forests were 26 and 25 respectively, but birdabundance of the p ine forest showed a significantly higher value than that of the evergreen broad-leaved forabout 0. 65. Our results suggested that the evergreen broad-leaved forest studied succeeded to > 50% species fromthe p rimary p ine forest, which led to similar vegetation composition between the two type habitats and similar birdcommunity composition correspondingly, and on the contrary with well-developed understory, the p ine forest hadsignificantly higher bird community abundance for the well-developed understory supported a richer food resourceand sufficient foraging and nesting sites formany birds. In the studied area, the avian diversity wouldn’t decreasefollowing the succession from p ine forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest.est.Besides, the composition of species was similar between the two type habitats and Jaccardps similarity index was
The evergreen broad-leaved forestwas one type of generally the firstmajor secondary forests following p inedeaths by the p ine wood nematode. B ird community was investigated in the mid-aged p ine forest and evergreenbroad-leaved forest infested for 1- years by the p ine wood nematode. The comparison study showed that in studiedarea, the bird species diversity and evenness didnpt differ significantly between the p ine forest and the evergreenbroad-leaved forest, and the total species number of the two type forests were 26 and 25 respectively, but birdabundance of the p ine forest showed a significantly higher value than that of the evergreen broad-leaved forabout 0. 65. Our results suggested that the evergreen broad-leaved forest studied succeeded to > 50% species fromthe p rimary p ine forest, which led to similar vegetation composition between the two type habitats and similar birdcommunity composition correspondingly, and on the contrary with well-developed understory, the p ine forest hadsignificantly higher bird community abundance for the well-developed understory supported a richer food resourceand sufficient foraging and nesting sites formany birds. In the studied area, the avian diversity wouldn’t decreasefollowing the succession from p ine forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest.est.Besides, the composition of species was similar between the two type habitats and Jaccardps similarity index was
2008, 21(5): 647-651.
Abstract:
From March 2006 toMay 2007, field investigationswere made on the composition of butterfly communityof J indian National Forest Park in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Species richness, species diversity indexes,dominant indexes and evenness indexes of the communitywere analysed by the methods of ɑ-diversity and G-F indexin the four seasons. The results showed that species richness was the highest in summer ( 46 ) ; the richness ofNymphalidae and Pieridae both are the highest all round the year (14). The dominant specieswere Ypthim a zodiac insp ring, Acraea issoria in summer, Colias f ieldii and Parantica sita sita in autumn, Pieris canidia in winter, and Y.zodiac all the year. Species diversity index was the highest in summer (3. 312). Both the F-index and G-index werethe highest in autumn ( respectively 8. 907 and 3. 965). The evenness indexwas the highest in summer (0. 865). Theconclusion disp lays that butterfly community of J indian National Forest Park has higher diversity and stability.
From March 2006 toMay 2007, field investigationswere made on the composition of butterfly communityof J indian National Forest Park in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Species richness, species diversity indexes,dominant indexes and evenness indexes of the communitywere analysed by the methods of ɑ-diversity and G-F indexin the four seasons. The results showed that species richness was the highest in summer ( 46 ) ; the richness ofNymphalidae and Pieridae both are the highest all round the year (14). The dominant specieswere Ypthim a zodiac insp ring, Acraea issoria in summer, Colias f ieldii and Parantica sita sita in autumn, Pieris canidia in winter, and Y.zodiac all the year. Species diversity index was the highest in summer (3. 312). Both the F-index and G-index werethe highest in autumn ( respectively 8. 907 and 3. 965). The evenness indexwas the highest in summer (0. 865). Theconclusion disp lays that butterfly community of J indian National Forest Park has higher diversity and stability.
2008, 21(5): 652-656.
Abstract:
A p rovenance and family trial of B etula alnoides was conducted in Pingxiang of Guangxi, with 25p rovenances and 400 families involved. The genetic variation of growth traitswere analyzed in the first four years. Itwas shown that there were highly significant differences in height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) amongp rovenances as well as families, and the height and DBH of p rovenances were remarkably correlated to thelongitudes of their seed sources, respectively. Itwas inferred that p rovenance selection wasmore highly reliable withage of the tree getting older based on the result of correlation analysis on growth performance at different ages, andthe p riority should be given to the p rovenances near the site for p lantation development of this species since mostp rovenances from Guangxi grew the best.
A p rovenance and family trial of B etula alnoides was conducted in Pingxiang of Guangxi, with 25p rovenances and 400 families involved. The genetic variation of growth traitswere analyzed in the first four years. Itwas shown that there were highly significant differences in height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) amongp rovenances as well as families, and the height and DBH of p rovenances were remarkably correlated to thelongitudes of their seed sources, respectively. Itwas inferred that p rovenance selection wasmore highly reliable withage of the tree getting older based on the result of correlation analysis on growth performance at different ages, andthe p riority should be given to the p rovenances near the site for p lantation development of this species since mostp rovenances from Guangxi grew the best.
2008, 21(5): 657-661.
Abstract:
The relationship s between canopy intercep tion of Frax inus m andshurica Rup r. and rainfall were studiedfrom May to Sep tember in 2003 by surveying and statistic methods. The result showed that the canopy intercep tion ofFraxinus m andshu rica for rainfallwas 68. 77 mm, which accounted for 17. 41% of total rainfall in the same periods.The rainfall was redistributed by the p roportion of penetration 72. 50%, intercep tion 17. 41% and the stem flow10. 08%; the redistribution of rainfall by canopy could be simulated p recisely by the imp roved Horton model , thecanopy rainfall adsorp tion capacity of Fraxinus m andshurica was 0. 84 mm. The parameter which means coefficientof evaporation of canopy regionally was 0. 118 3. It was indicated that the curve of forest intercep tion with rainfallmarked 3 phase such as descent quickly phase ( intercep tion rate more than 19% while rainfall less than 10 mm) ,descent gradually phase ( intercep tion rate is in 19. 0% —12. 8% while rainfall 10—30 mm ) and stable phase( intercep tion rate less than 12. 8% while rainfall more than 30 mm) , which could exp lain the relationship s ofintercep tion with canopy geometry shape characteristics of Fraxinus m andshurica. The stable intercep tion rate was12. 8%.
The relationship s between canopy intercep tion of Frax inus m andshurica Rup r. and rainfall were studiedfrom May to Sep tember in 2003 by surveying and statistic methods. The result showed that the canopy intercep tion ofFraxinus m andshu rica for rainfallwas 68. 77 mm, which accounted for 17. 41% of total rainfall in the same periods.The rainfall was redistributed by the p roportion of penetration 72. 50%, intercep tion 17. 41% and the stem flow10. 08%; the redistribution of rainfall by canopy could be simulated p recisely by the imp roved Horton model , thecanopy rainfall adsorp tion capacity of Fraxinus m andshurica was 0. 84 mm. The parameter which means coefficientof evaporation of canopy regionally was 0. 118 3. It was indicated that the curve of forest intercep tion with rainfallmarked 3 phase such as descent quickly phase ( intercep tion rate more than 19% while rainfall less than 10 mm) ,descent gradually phase ( intercep tion rate is in 19. 0% —12. 8% while rainfall 10—30 mm ) and stable phase( intercep tion rate less than 12. 8% while rainfall more than 30 mm) , which could exp lain the relationship s ofintercep tion with canopy geometry shape characteristics of Fraxinus m andshurica. The stable intercep tion rate was12. 8%.
2008, 21(5): 662-668.
Abstract:
Based on the samp le p lot investigation method, the tree species of Cephalotaxus fortunei community wereinvestigated in DagangshanMountain, The main tree species of Cephalotaxus fortunei communitywere ascertained bycomputing the Importance Value of tree species. The overall association of the dominant tree species , theinterspecific association of dominant tree species and interspecific covariation of the dominant tree species werestudied. The result showed that the overall association of the dominant tree species was positive. The pairs ofpositive interspecific association were as following: Eu rya loquaiana2Cornus m acrophylla, M ach ilus thunbergiiCunningham ia lanceolata; The interspecific association ofL ithoca rpus glabra-Cunn ingham ia lanceola ta was negative.The interspecific associations of Cephalotaxus fortunei with other specieswere not significant. There were 7 pairs ofspecies showing a significant interspecific covariation, 6 pairs were positive interspecific covariation, They were:Eurya loquaiana-Rhododendron latoucheae, Eu rya loquaiana-Cornus m acrophylla, Eurya loquaiana-Cepha lotaxusfortunei, Cornus m acrophylla-Phoebe sheareri, Mach ilus thunbergii-Cunningham ia lanceolata, and M achilusthunbergii-A lniphyllum fortunei. Only the interspecific covariation of Rhododendron la toucheae with Eu rya japon icawas negative. The reason for positive interspecific covariation was that these species used the resource similarly.
Based on the samp le p lot investigation method, the tree species of Cephalotaxus fortunei community wereinvestigated in DagangshanMountain, The main tree species of Cephalotaxus fortunei communitywere ascertained bycomputing the Importance Value of tree species. The overall association of the dominant tree species , theinterspecific association of dominant tree species and interspecific covariation of the dominant tree species werestudied. The result showed that the overall association of the dominant tree species was positive. The pairs ofpositive interspecific association were as following: Eu rya loquaiana2Cornus m acrophylla, M ach ilus thunbergiiCunningham ia lanceolata; The interspecific association ofL ithoca rpus glabra-Cunn ingham ia lanceola ta was negative.The interspecific associations of Cephalotaxus fortunei with other specieswere not significant. There were 7 pairs ofspecies showing a significant interspecific covariation, 6 pairs were positive interspecific covariation, They were:Eurya loquaiana-Rhododendron latoucheae, Eu rya loquaiana-Cornus m acrophylla, Eurya loquaiana-Cepha lotaxusfortunei, Cornus m acrophylla-Phoebe sheareri, Mach ilus thunbergii-Cunningham ia lanceolata, and M achilusthunbergii-A lniphyllum fortunei. Only the interspecific covariation of Rhododendron la toucheae with Eu rya japon icawas negative. The reason for positive interspecific covariation was that these species used the resource similarly.
2008, 21(5): 669-674.
Abstract:
The p rocess of natural succession of vegetation in Karst rocky desertification area in central Guizhou wasdivided into the herbosa stage, the stage of herbosa-shrub, the stage of vine-shrub, the stage of subaltern tree forestand the stage of evergreen broad-leaved forest according to the characteristic of p lant community. The speciesdiversities in the layers of herb, shrub, tree and community at different successional stages were measured by themethods of species abundance, Simp son index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou’s evenness index. The resultsshowed that the diversity indices in herb layer rose steadily after the succession developed from the herbosa stage,and reached the maximum in the stage of vine-shrub, then decreased gradually. The diversity indices in shrub layer, tree layer and community reached the maximum in the stage of subaltern tree forest. The diversity indices ofherb layer were higher than those of shrub layer in the herbosa stage and the stage of herbosa-shrub. There weredifference among the indices of the herb and shrub layers in the stage of vine-shrub, and the indices of tree layerwere the lowest. While in the stage of subaltern tree forest and climax stage, diversity indices of shrub layer werehigher than those of herb layer, which was greater than those of tree layer. In the case of litter artificial disturbingeffect, the advantage of herbage declined while that of shrub and arbor rose steadily in the natural succession ofvegetation in Karst rocky desertification area in central Guizhou. And the Karst forest formed finally.
The p rocess of natural succession of vegetation in Karst rocky desertification area in central Guizhou wasdivided into the herbosa stage, the stage of herbosa-shrub, the stage of vine-shrub, the stage of subaltern tree forestand the stage of evergreen broad-leaved forest according to the characteristic of p lant community. The speciesdiversities in the layers of herb, shrub, tree and community at different successional stages were measured by themethods of species abundance, Simp son index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou’s evenness index. The resultsshowed that the diversity indices in herb layer rose steadily after the succession developed from the herbosa stage,and reached the maximum in the stage of vine-shrub, then decreased gradually. The diversity indices in shrub layer, tree layer and community reached the maximum in the stage of subaltern tree forest. The diversity indices ofherb layer were higher than those of shrub layer in the herbosa stage and the stage of herbosa-shrub. There weredifference among the indices of the herb and shrub layers in the stage of vine-shrub, and the indices of tree layerwere the lowest. While in the stage of subaltern tree forest and climax stage, diversity indices of shrub layer werehigher than those of herb layer, which was greater than those of tree layer. In the case of litter artificial disturbingeffect, the advantage of herbage declined while that of shrub and arbor rose steadily in the natural succession ofvegetation in Karst rocky desertification area in central Guizhou. And the Karst forest formed finally.
2008, 21(5): 675-680.
Abstract:
Based on the field study, this paper deals with carbon dynamics of litter decomposition in six land-usetypes of forests in the subtrop ical area of south China. The results showed that: ( 1 ) at the beginning of thedecomposition, the carbon content in litter increased, indicating the accumulation p rocess of carbon; later, thecarbon content decreased, while after one year of decomposition, the carbon content of that in the Phy llostachysedu lis extensively managed stand was reduced by 11. 7%; ( 2) the carbon quantity of litter in the Phy llostachysedu lis stand decreased from the beginning, while those for the others increased first and then decreased; after oneyear, the carbon quantity of the extensively managed Ph. edulis stand decreased by 53. 8%; the release rate ofcarbon from the highest to lowest was ranked as follows: the extensively managed Ph. edu lis stand, Ph. praecoxstand, Cunningham ia lanceolata stand, the intensively managed Ph. edu lis stands and Pinus m assoniana; (3) theremaining carbon amount of forest litter could be described by exponential equation models; (4) the decomposition rate of litterwas positively correlated with air temperature.
Based on the field study, this paper deals with carbon dynamics of litter decomposition in six land-usetypes of forests in the subtrop ical area of south China. The results showed that: ( 1 ) at the beginning of thedecomposition, the carbon content in litter increased, indicating the accumulation p rocess of carbon; later, thecarbon content decreased, while after one year of decomposition, the carbon content of that in the Phy llostachysedu lis extensively managed stand was reduced by 11. 7%; ( 2) the carbon quantity of litter in the Phy llostachysedu lis stand decreased from the beginning, while those for the others increased first and then decreased; after oneyear, the carbon quantity of the extensively managed Ph. edulis stand decreased by 53. 8%; the release rate ofcarbon from the highest to lowest was ranked as follows: the extensively managed Ph. edu lis stand, Ph. praecoxstand, Cunningham ia lanceolata stand, the intensively managed Ph. edu lis stands and Pinus m assoniana; (3) theremaining carbon amount of forest litter could be described by exponential equation models; (4) the decomposition rate of litterwas positively correlated with air temperature.
2008, 21(5): 681-685.
Abstract:
In order to exp lore new and effective measures to controlD idesm ococcus koreanus in different developmentalstages, according to the morphological characteristics and biological habitats ofD. koreanus in different developmentalstages, conventionalmeasures such as paring off bark and smearing, stem injection, and mist sp raying, were used totest the effect of controlling the larva with different instars. The results of test showed that: for the method, paring offbark and smearing and mist sp rayingwere the most feasible; for the effectiveness, (1) among the pesticides p rayed inthe first nymph instar, the vinegar2salt mixture had the best effect on the first instar larva, the effectiveness was ashigh as 90%; (2) by sp raying defoliant to control second instar larva, all the defoliantswith 3 different concentrationscould control the insects indirectly, and the effectivenesswas as high as 95%; (3) among the pesticides sp rayed inthe third instar, 95% alcohol agents had the best effect, the effectiveness could reach 90%; (4) among the smearingagents for controlling the third instar larva, 20% Imidaclop rid soluble liquid (1∶10 dilution) had better effect, whicheffectivenesswas 90%.
In order to exp lore new and effective measures to controlD idesm ococcus koreanus in different developmentalstages, according to the morphological characteristics and biological habitats ofD. koreanus in different developmentalstages, conventionalmeasures such as paring off bark and smearing, stem injection, and mist sp raying, were used totest the effect of controlling the larva with different instars. The results of test showed that: for the method, paring offbark and smearing and mist sp rayingwere the most feasible; for the effectiveness, (1) among the pesticides p rayed inthe first nymph instar, the vinegar2salt mixture had the best effect on the first instar larva, the effectiveness was ashigh as 90%; (2) by sp raying defoliant to control second instar larva, all the defoliantswith 3 different concentrationscould control the insects indirectly, and the effectivenesswas as high as 95%; (3) among the pesticides sp rayed inthe third instar, 95% alcohol agents had the best effect, the effectiveness could reach 90%; (4) among the smearingagents for controlling the third instar larva, 20% Imidaclop rid soluble liquid (1∶10 dilution) had better effect, whicheffectivenesswas 90%.
2008, 21(5): 686-692.
Abstract:
Cephalcia pin ivora was an important leaf pest of Pinus m asson iana in Chongqing. It had one generation ayear and overwintered as p repupa in the soil and began to pupate in the last ten days of February the next year. InmidMarch , the adults emerged and the larva hatched in the last ten days ofAp ril. In the first ten-day of June theycame down trees and went into soil. Larva durition was about 90 days, and there were 6 instars for male and 7instars for female. Studies showed that app lication of liquid, smoke, power pesticide could effectively control thissawfly. During the larval period, the best control time was around the 2nd and 3rd instars.
Cephalcia pin ivora was an important leaf pest of Pinus m asson iana in Chongqing. It had one generation ayear and overwintered as p repupa in the soil and began to pupate in the last ten days of February the next year. InmidMarch , the adults emerged and the larva hatched in the last ten days ofAp ril. In the first ten-day of June theycame down trees and went into soil. Larva durition was about 90 days, and there were 6 instars for male and 7instars for female. Studies showed that app lication of liquid, smoke, power pesticide could effectively control thissawfly. During the larval period, the best control time was around the 2nd and 3rd instars.
2008, 21(5): 693-696.
Abstract:
A series of testing on the feeding nutritive value and amino acid content in 6 introduced A triplex specieswere taken and analyzed. The results showed that the 6 species had rich nutrition in their leaves. The coarse p roteincontentwas from 180. 1 to 222. 6 g·kg-1 and the coarse fibre contentwas from 49. 8 to 83. 2 g·kg-1 which bothbelonged to p rotein or energy fodder. The ratio of calcium and phosphor which was from 3. 59% to 6. 35% didn’texceed the utmost value which the ruminate livestock could bear. There were 17 kinds of amino acid rich enough inthe leaves of the 6 species, in which the essential amino acid EAA took 43. 5%～46% of the total and its ratio withthe non-essential amino acid EAA was among 0. 771～0. 851 which had met the recommended standard lodged byFAO /WHO. However, the amino acid in the leaves had unsteady forming balance and due to the Met + Cyscontent, the first limiting amino acid FLAA, amino acid supp lements should be added to meet the need of certainfodder p roduction.
A series of testing on the feeding nutritive value and amino acid content in 6 introduced A triplex specieswere taken and analyzed. The results showed that the 6 species had rich nutrition in their leaves. The coarse p roteincontentwas from 180. 1 to 222. 6 g·kg-1 and the coarse fibre contentwas from 49. 8 to 83. 2 g·kg-1 which bothbelonged to p rotein or energy fodder. The ratio of calcium and phosphor which was from 3. 59% to 6. 35% didn’texceed the utmost value which the ruminate livestock could bear. There were 17 kinds of amino acid rich enough inthe leaves of the 6 species, in which the essential amino acid EAA took 43. 5%～46% of the total and its ratio withthe non-essential amino acid EAA was among 0. 771～0. 851 which had met the recommended standard lodged byFAO /WHO. However, the amino acid in the leaves had unsteady forming balance and due to the Met + Cyscontent, the first limiting amino acid FLAA, amino acid supp lements should be added to meet the need of certainfodder p roduction.
2008, 21(5): 697-701.
Abstract:
The contents of cellulose, lignin and activities of POD, PAL in excised bamboo shoots of Phy llostachysedu lis were studied. The result showed that in excised bamboo shoots from top part to base part, the contents ofcellulose and lignin increased gradually, while the activities of POD and PAL on top part of shootwasmore than thatof base part. Along with p rolongation of the storage time, the contents of cellulose and lignin increase rap idly. Inthe first 5 days cellulose increase rap idly, in the second 5 days it becomes to slow down apparently. But the lignincontent increased in a even speed during the storage time. At the same time the activities of POD and PAL increasedsignificantly with the storage time. Bamboo shoots treated by low temperature (4 ℃) showed that low temperaturecould decrease the activities of POD and PAL significantly, aswell as decrease the contents of cellulose and ligninsignificantly. The influence of low temperature for cellulose was bigger than that for lignin.
The contents of cellulose, lignin and activities of POD, PAL in excised bamboo shoots of Phy llostachysedu lis were studied. The result showed that in excised bamboo shoots from top part to base part, the contents ofcellulose and lignin increased gradually, while the activities of POD and PAL on top part of shootwasmore than thatof base part. Along with p rolongation of the storage time, the contents of cellulose and lignin increase rap idly. Inthe first 5 days cellulose increase rap idly, in the second 5 days it becomes to slow down apparently. But the lignincontent increased in a even speed during the storage time. At the same time the activities of POD and PAL increasedsignificantly with the storage time. Bamboo shoots treated by low temperature (4 ℃) showed that low temperaturecould decrease the activities of POD and PAL significantly, aswell as decrease the contents of cellulose and ligninsignificantly. The influence of low temperature for cellulose was bigger than that for lignin.
2008, 21(5): 702-706.
Abstract:
Taking 90 m ×90 m as the smallest spatial unit, B ursaphelenchus xy lophilus suitable areas was evaluatedin Yunnan Province. The suitable distribution map of the whole Yunan was given at four levels: high suitable,suitable, moderate suitable, not suitable. The results showed that for the high suitable areasp p roportion, 13Counties were over 70% , 17 Countieswere from 50% to 70% , 27 Countieswere from 25% to 50% , 26 Countieswere from 5% to 25% and 26 Counties were taken below 5%. It is a new method to build spatial models to dosuitable analysis or risk analysis at a p ixel level. And it usually offers the refined spatial data for local forestorganizations to p revent and control p lant diseases and insect pests.
Taking 90 m ×90 m as the smallest spatial unit, B ursaphelenchus xy lophilus suitable areas was evaluatedin Yunnan Province. The suitable distribution map of the whole Yunan was given at four levels: high suitable,suitable, moderate suitable, not suitable. The results showed that for the high suitable areasp p roportion, 13Counties were over 70% , 17 Countieswere from 50% to 70% , 27 Countieswere from 25% to 50% , 26 Countieswere from 5% to 25% and 26 Counties were taken below 5%. It is a new method to build spatial models to dosuitable analysis or risk analysis at a p ixel level. And it usually offers the refined spatial data for local forestorganizations to p revent and control p lant diseases and insect pests.
2008, 21(5): 707-712.
Abstract:
This paper is studied the shelterbelt effects of 11 farmland p rotective forests with different structures inartificial oasis of Ulan Buh Desert, the results showed that (1) with the same structure features ( age, density, rownumber, belt width, inter-belt distance, etc. ) , the porosity of narrow-crown pop lar trees was lower than that ofwide-crown pop lar trees, that of Populus bolleana was 0. 23 lower than that of Populus canadensis, that of Populusnigra L. var thevestina (Dode) Bean was 0. 30 lower than that of Populus n igra L. var thevestina ×P. sim onii, thewindbreak rates (WR) increased by 34. 43% and 26. 46%, compared to those of narrow shelterbelt. The farmlandsheltering rate ( FSR) of wide shelterbelt ( 32 m) increased by 16. 55% —54. 41% , and land competitive index(LCI) and crop yield reduction rate (CYRR) of wide shelterbelt (32 m) decreased by 0. 03—0. 22 and 27. 5% respectively; ( 2 ) compared to those of high trees, the FSR and WR of small2network shrub belt increased by8. 00% —13. 93% and 1. 08% —6. 30% , LCI and CYRR of small-network shrub belt decreased by 0. 01—0. 05and 0. 8% —49. 4% respectively; ( 3 ) compared to those of pure forest, the FSR of mixed forest increased by43. 8% , LC I and CYRR of mixed forest decreased by 0. 27 and 57. 5%; ( 4) 9 years after p lanting, Populusbolleana came to its op timum sheltering age, the op timum sheltering age period is 10—27 age; ( 5 ) shelterbeltdensity, row number and beltwidth had significantly positive relations to shelterbelt porosity (R = 0. 661, 0. 707 and0. 688) ; (6) inter-belt distance had significantly positive relations to tree ( shrub) age.
This paper is studied the shelterbelt effects of 11 farmland p rotective forests with different structures inartificial oasis of Ulan Buh Desert, the results showed that (1) with the same structure features ( age, density, rownumber, belt width, inter-belt distance, etc. ) , the porosity of narrow-crown pop lar trees was lower than that ofwide-crown pop lar trees, that of Populus bolleana was 0. 23 lower than that of Populus canadensis, that of Populusnigra L. var thevestina (Dode) Bean was 0. 30 lower than that of Populus n igra L. var thevestina ×P. sim onii, thewindbreak rates (WR) increased by 34. 43% and 26. 46%, compared to those of narrow shelterbelt. The farmlandsheltering rate ( FSR) of wide shelterbelt ( 32 m) increased by 16. 55% —54. 41% , and land competitive index(LCI) and crop yield reduction rate (CYRR) of wide shelterbelt (32 m) decreased by 0. 03—0. 22 and 27. 5% respectively; ( 2 ) compared to those of high trees, the FSR and WR of small2network shrub belt increased by8. 00% —13. 93% and 1. 08% —6. 30% , LCI and CYRR of small-network shrub belt decreased by 0. 01—0. 05and 0. 8% —49. 4% respectively; ( 3 ) compared to those of pure forest, the FSR of mixed forest increased by43. 8% , LC I and CYRR of mixed forest decreased by 0. 27 and 57. 5%; ( 4) 9 years after p lanting, Populusbolleana came to its op timum sheltering age, the op timum sheltering age period is 10—27 age; ( 5 ) shelterbeltdensity, row number and beltwidth had significantly positive relations to shelterbelt porosity (R = 0. 661, 0. 707 and0. 688) ; (6) inter-belt distance had significantly positive relations to tree ( shrub) age.
2008, 21(5): 713-718.
Abstract:
Itwas known that there were 616 species of seed p lants in Kuocangshan Nature Reserve, which belongedto 336 genera of 115 families. Among them, there were 8 species of Gymnospermae belonging to 7 genera of 5families, 608 species of Angiospermae belonging to 329 genera of 110 families. There were 15 families whichconsisted of more than 10 species. 323 genera were monotyp ic or oligotyp ic genera. The geographical floristicalcomponents in Kuocangshan Nature Reserve were very comp lex and these species p layed important roles in seedp lant flora. On the distribution type of families, Pantrop ic type was the dominant ( 36 families) , followed byCosmopolitan type (34 families) , accounting for 31. 30% and 29. 57% of the total families respectively. On thedistribution types of genera and species, Pantrop ic distribution type was the dominant, followed by north temperatedistribution type, which showed the characteristic of transitionality. Endemic characteristics of family, genus andspecieswere not obvious.
Itwas known that there were 616 species of seed p lants in Kuocangshan Nature Reserve, which belongedto 336 genera of 115 families. Among them, there were 8 species of Gymnospermae belonging to 7 genera of 5families, 608 species of Angiospermae belonging to 329 genera of 110 families. There were 15 families whichconsisted of more than 10 species. 323 genera were monotyp ic or oligotyp ic genera. The geographical floristicalcomponents in Kuocangshan Nature Reserve were very comp lex and these species p layed important roles in seedp lant flora. On the distribution type of families, Pantrop ic type was the dominant ( 36 families) , followed byCosmopolitan type (34 families) , accounting for 31. 30% and 29. 57% of the total families respectively. On thedistribution types of genera and species, Pantrop ic distribution type was the dominant, followed by north temperatedistribution type, which showed the characteristic of transitionality. Endemic characteristics of family, genus andspecieswere not obvious.
2008, 21(5): 719-723.
Abstract:
Based on the A rm en iaca sibirica-Astraga lus system in hill-gully area of the Loess Plateau Regions, theeffects of Astragalus intercropped in A rm eniaca sibirica orchard after two years on the soil physical and chemicalp roperties was studied. The results showed that there existed vertical distribution gradation and the horizontaldistribution difference in soil physical and chemical p roperties. Compare with A rm eniaca sibirica without covering,the average soil density of the 0—60 cm soil layer in A rm eniaca sibirica-Astragalus system decreased by 0. 8—1. 4 g·cm-3 , the soil total porosity increased by 1. 6% —4. 7%, and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivityincreased by 0. 10—0. 35 mm ·min-1 , respectively. At the same time, the total N, total K and available N,available K increased by 0. 10—0. 32, 0. 8—5. 5 g·kg-1 , 1. 3—13. 3 mg·kg-1 and 3. 0—33. 7 mg·kg-1 ,respectively. The soil organic matter increased by 0. 03—0. 52 g·kg-1 , especially, which increased by 0. 40—0. 52 g·kg-1 in the layer of 0—20 cm. But the total P and available P decreased by 0. 02—0. 15 g·kg-1 and0. 07—1. 48 mg·kg-1. The effect of intercropp ing Astraga lus on soil physical and chemical p roperties which in different distance from tree row were different, the nearer to the tree row, the bigger effect is. Regression showedthat there were good positive correlation between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil density, thenegative correlation between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil total porosity. There was goodfeasibility of intercropp ing Astragalus in A rm eniaca sibirica orchard, and this model can be penetrated in hill-gullyarea of the Loess Plateau Regions.
Based on the A rm en iaca sibirica-Astraga lus system in hill-gully area of the Loess Plateau Regions, theeffects of Astragalus intercropped in A rm eniaca sibirica orchard after two years on the soil physical and chemicalp roperties was studied. The results showed that there existed vertical distribution gradation and the horizontaldistribution difference in soil physical and chemical p roperties. Compare with A rm eniaca sibirica without covering,the average soil density of the 0—60 cm soil layer in A rm eniaca sibirica-Astragalus system decreased by 0. 8—1. 4 g·cm-3 , the soil total porosity increased by 1. 6% —4. 7%, and the soil saturated hydraulic conductivityincreased by 0. 10—0. 35 mm ·min-1 , respectively. At the same time, the total N, total K and available N,available K increased by 0. 10—0. 32, 0. 8—5. 5 g·kg-1 , 1. 3—13. 3 mg·kg-1 and 3. 0—33. 7 mg·kg-1 ,respectively. The soil organic matter increased by 0. 03—0. 52 g·kg-1 , especially, which increased by 0. 40—0. 52 g·kg-1 in the layer of 0—20 cm. But the total P and available P decreased by 0. 02—0. 15 g·kg-1 and0. 07—1. 48 mg·kg-1. The effect of intercropp ing Astraga lus on soil physical and chemical p roperties which in different distance from tree row were different, the nearer to the tree row, the bigger effect is. Regression showedthat there were good positive correlation between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil density, thenegative correlation between the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil total porosity. There was goodfeasibility of intercropp ing Astragalus in A rm eniaca sibirica orchard, and this model can be penetrated in hill-gullyarea of the Loess Plateau Regions.
2008, 21(5): 724-728.
Abstract:
Two types of parents of Chinese firwith different genetic p roperties ( I-9 ×9 half diallel cross and II-6 ×6 comp lete diallel cross ) and combination with all literatures in combining ability breeding of Chinese fir, someissues about diallel cross test of Chinese firwere researched. The results are as follows: (1) growth and developmentstage, aswell as trails environments had no essential effects upon relative ratios of additive genetic variance to non-additive genetic variance in Chinese fir. (2) In type Imaterials, there was no obvious effects of female cytop lasm,but there was obvious effects of female cytop lasm on selective traits ( growth traits) in type IImaterials, but this hadnot affected a leading action of non-additive genetic variance that controlled exp ression on p rogeny traits. ( 3) Thechanges of the types of mating designs had obviously influenced the test results about gene action fashions in II-materials. (4) There were significant differences among females, but not among males. The interaction variancesbetween females and males were always significant extremely, cross combinations with outstanding performancescould be selected out.
Two types of parents of Chinese firwith different genetic p roperties ( I-9 ×9 half diallel cross and II-6 ×6 comp lete diallel cross ) and combination with all literatures in combining ability breeding of Chinese fir, someissues about diallel cross test of Chinese firwere researched. The results are as follows: (1) growth and developmentstage, aswell as trails environments had no essential effects upon relative ratios of additive genetic variance to non-additive genetic variance in Chinese fir. (2) In type Imaterials, there was no obvious effects of female cytop lasm,but there was obvious effects of female cytop lasm on selective traits ( growth traits) in type IImaterials, but this hadnot affected a leading action of non-additive genetic variance that controlled exp ression on p rogeny traits. ( 3) Thechanges of the types of mating designs had obviously influenced the test results about gene action fashions in II-materials. (4) There were significant differences among females, but not among males. The interaction variancesbetween females and males were always significant extremely, cross combinations with outstanding performancescould be selected out.
2008, 21(5): 729-733.
Abstract:
The op timal conditions of seeds germination for different cultivarswas studied. The results showed that thesuitable germination temperature varied with different cultivars. The op timal germination temperature was 20 ℃ forearly flowering cultivars‘Raizan No. 1’, while for medium flowering cultivar‘Rinzan No. 2’and late floweringcultivar‘Raizan No. 3’, the suitable temperature were 18 ℃ and 15 ℃ separately. During the p rocess of seedgermination, lighting time and light constitutes didn’t have significant effect on germination rate. The experimentsshowed that the germination rates of three cultivars decreased greatlywhen germination temperature was over 24 ℃,especially for‘Raizan No. 1’. So, different p re-chilling treatments of‘Raizan No. 1’were taken, in order to solvethis p roblem. The results indicated that germination at 30 ℃ was accelerated by p re-chilling treatment at 10 ℃ formore than 10 days, germination rate wasmore than 75% , and itwas 85. 22% by the same p retreatment for 20 days,the same as op timal germination temperature 20 ℃. Whereas p retreatment at 3 or 5 ℃ had no p romotive effects at 30℃ germination condition, germination rate was less than 40%. In conclusion, p re-chilling treatmet at 10 ℃ formore than 10 dayswas recommended to germination of L ilium ×form olongi under high temperature conditions.
The op timal conditions of seeds germination for different cultivarswas studied. The results showed that thesuitable germination temperature varied with different cultivars. The op timal germination temperature was 20 ℃ forearly flowering cultivars‘Raizan No. 1’, while for medium flowering cultivar‘Rinzan No. 2’and late floweringcultivar‘Raizan No. 3’, the suitable temperature were 18 ℃ and 15 ℃ separately. During the p rocess of seedgermination, lighting time and light constitutes didn’t have significant effect on germination rate. The experimentsshowed that the germination rates of three cultivars decreased greatlywhen germination temperature was over 24 ℃,especially for‘Raizan No. 1’. So, different p re-chilling treatments of‘Raizan No. 1’were taken, in order to solvethis p roblem. The results indicated that germination at 30 ℃ was accelerated by p re-chilling treatment at 10 ℃ formore than 10 days, germination rate wasmore than 75% , and itwas 85. 22% by the same p retreatment for 20 days,the same as op timal germination temperature 20 ℃. Whereas p retreatment at 3 or 5 ℃ had no p romotive effects at 30℃ germination condition, germination rate was less than 40%. In conclusion, p re-chilling treatmet at 10 ℃ formore than 10 dayswas recommended to germination of L ilium ×form olongi under high temperature conditions.
2008, 21(5): 734-736.
Abstract:
Coriolopsis glabro-rigens was firstly reported from Hainan Province. It was a new record to the Chinesefungal flora, it grew on angiosperm wood and caused a white rot. Illustrated descrip tion of the new record was givenin detail based on the materials from China.
Coriolopsis glabro-rigens was firstly reported from Hainan Province. It was a new record to the Chinesefungal flora, it grew on angiosperm wood and caused a white rot. Illustrated descrip tion of the new record was givenin detail based on the materials from China.
2008, 21(5): 737-741.
Abstract:
Wild resources of Pteroceltis tatarinow ii Maxim. were investigated and morphological characteristics ofleaves, fruits and seedswere measured in 2005. In L ingyan Temp le of Shandong , the trees grow in the temp le andalong the roads. In addition to the two Pteroceltis tatarinow ii, the average DBH and height of the other trees were24. 32 cm and 10. 05 m respectively. The stands inMiaofengMountain distributed only in the valley of Dishuiyanwith the average DBH of 16. 12 cm and average height of 11. 50 cm. Pteroceltis tatarinow ii could naturally rep roducein wild habitat and only a few natural rep roduced seedlings were found at Lingyan Temp le. The results of varianceanalysis showed that there was significant difference of 9 characteristics among different individual trees of the samesource. Excep t for width of fruit wing, 8 morphological characteristics significantly differed among three sources.Significant difference exited in leaf length and leaf width among three sources. Although there was no significantdifference in seed and nut features between two different sources in Beijing, those characteristics of Pteroceltista tarinow ii from Beijing source were obviously different with those from Shangdong. The seeds from Shandong werethe smallest and lightest. There was distinctness in morphological quality characteristics from different trees.
Wild resources of Pteroceltis tatarinow ii Maxim. were investigated and morphological characteristics ofleaves, fruits and seedswere measured in 2005. In L ingyan Temp le of Shandong , the trees grow in the temp le andalong the roads. In addition to the two Pteroceltis tatarinow ii, the average DBH and height of the other trees were24. 32 cm and 10. 05 m respectively. The stands inMiaofengMountain distributed only in the valley of Dishuiyanwith the average DBH of 16. 12 cm and average height of 11. 50 cm. Pteroceltis tatarinow ii could naturally rep roducein wild habitat and only a few natural rep roduced seedlings were found at Lingyan Temp le. The results of varianceanalysis showed that there was significant difference of 9 characteristics among different individual trees of the samesource. Excep t for width of fruit wing, 8 morphological characteristics significantly differed among three sources.Significant difference exited in leaf length and leaf width among three sources. Although there was no significantdifference in seed and nut features between two different sources in Beijing, those characteristics of Pteroceltista tarinow ii from Beijing source were obviously different with those from Shangdong. The seeds from Shandong werethe smallest and lightest. There was distinctness in morphological quality characteristics from different trees.
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