• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2012 Vol. 25, No. 3

Display Method:
Variations of Soil Nitrogen and Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen of Quercus aquifolioides Forest at Different Attitudes in Balangshan, Sichuan
HU Zong-da, LIU Shi-rong, SHI Zuo-min, LIU Xing-liang, HE Fei
2012, 25(3): 261-268.
Abstract:
Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen play important roles in forest ecosystem as the driving forces for the nutrient transformation. Therefore, the soil microbial biomass and nitrogen are used as important indexes to evaluate the effects of management on quality and function of soil ecosystem in the Quercus aquifolioides forest. However, few studies have been carried out on the spatial variability of soil nitrogen and microbial biomass in the same community in different attitudes. In the current study, the Q.aquifolioides forest in the southeast slope of Balang Mountain in West Sichuan was studied. The experimental design included three 50 m×80 m plots of Q. aquifolioides forest at the attitudes of 3 549 m, 3 091 m and 2 551 m respectively. This vertical variations and correlations of total organic carbon (TOC), nitrogen and soil microbial biomass in the topsoil (0-15 cm) and subsoil (15-30 cm) were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of TOC, TOC stocks, total nitrogen (TN) and hydrolysable nitrogen in two layers (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm) at 3 549m and 3 091 m, but their contents were significantly higher than those in the Q. aquifolioides forest at 2 551 m, there is significant difference in NH4+-N in different soil layers at 3 549 m and 3 091 m compared with that at 2 551 m, and the NH4+-N content at 3 091 m was significantly higher than those in two layers at 3 549 m; the NO3--N content was not significant in two layers in three attitudes; there are no significant differences in soil total inorganic nitrogen content in the topsoil layers among the three attitudes, but with significant difference in the subsoil at 3 549 m and 3 091 m; the variation trend of soil microbial biomass carbon content in the topsoil layers was similar to that of TOC, but there were significant differences in soil microbial biomass carbon content in the subsoil at different attitudes; the soil microbial biomass nitrogen content in the topsoil was the highest at 3 091 m and there were no differences in the three attitudes, but the content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen in the subsoil reduced with the reduce of the attitude, and the differences were not up to significant level. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil microbial biomass nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, TOC and TN were all very significantly positively correlated. The soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly correlated with the hydrolysable nitrogen, TOC and TN. The pH was significantly correlated with the hydrolysable nitrogen, TOC and soil microbial biomass nitrogen. NH4+-N was negatively correlated with pH.
Effect of Salt Stress on Osmotic Adjustment Substances in Plants
YANG Sheng, ZHANG Hua-xin, LIU Tao
2012, 25(3): 269-277.
Abstract:
Two-year-old seedlings of 16 tree species were grown in pots and treated with salt (NaCl). After 40 days of salinity treatments, the effect of salt stress was studied. The results showed that with the increase of salinity concentration, the contents of proline, soluble sugar and betain increased among all trees. At 400 mmol·L-1 of salt concentration, the proline contents of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. increased by 662.0% and 562.8% respectively compared with that of the control. There was great difference in soluble protein contents among the trees. The Na+ and Cl-contents increased with the increase of salinity concentration in roots, stems and leaves. The Na+ contents in the leaves of Lonicera tatarica L., Rhamnus cathartica L., Cephalanthus occidentalis L. and Buddleja lindleyana Fort. were 5 to 20 times that of the control. The K+ and Ca2+ contents were difference among tree species. Base on the symptom of salt stress and variation characteristics of osmotic adjustment substances it indicates that Tamarix chinensis Lour., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr., Nitraria sibirica Pall., Euonymus alatus (Thunb.)Sieb. and Salix psammophila are high salt-tolerance,. Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Celtis laevigata Willd., Gleditsia triacanthos L. and Rhamnus cathartica L. are intermediately salt-tolerance. Pvrus betulaefolia Bunge, Salix(Zhu Liu), Lonicera tatarica L., Buddleja lindleyana Fort., Cephalanthus occidentalis L. and Fraxinus americana L. are moderately salt-tolerance. The changes of proline, soluble sugar and mineral elements (especially Na+, K+, Cl-) on the salt tolerance of plants are more common and greater.
Characteristics of Environmental Effects in the Landscape Shelter Forest along the Aerodrome Road in Guangzhou
CHEN Bu-feng, PAN Yong-jun, XIAO Yi-hua, WU Min, YANG Hong-yu
2012, 25(3): 278-284.
Abstract:
The function on reducing the heat island effect and contaminated gases on road surface was studied by means of multiCpoint synchronous observation method on horizontal scale of the landscape protection forest along an aerodrome road in Guangzhou. The results showed that the forest stand had a vertically 4-storey community structure by 2.39 of Shannon (H), and 0.76 of uniformity index and its canopy density attained to 0.68. Its vertical structure incarnates the multi-hierarchy collocation with the upper-storey of 12.6 m (Eucalyptus species), the middle storey of 6.3 m (hardwood species), the shrub storey of 3.2 m and herbage storey of 0.6 m. The shelterbelt stretches along the road with the width 30 m to 50 m. The results of a six-day observation in September 2006 showed that the daily mean concentration of SO2 and NO2 was 0.150 mg·m-3 and 0.083 mg·m-3 on road surface while that of in the forest belt with 20 m in width was reduced to lesser than 0.05 mg·m-3. At the same time, the air temperature of the road surface decreased by 2.0 ℃ and the air humidity of road surface increased 2.4 % by the forest belt with 20 m in width. In fine weather, the air temperature in the area 20 m and 30 m inside forest belt was 2.0 ℃ lower compared with that on the road surface from 13:00 to 15:00. Concurrently, the air humidity in the area 10 m to 30 m inside forest belt increased from 5.0% to 7.1%. The results of a observation of September 11-16, 2008 showed the SO2 concentration in the air was ≤0.05 mg·m-3 for 8.3-9.0 hours in the forest with a width of 20 m to 30 m, and the NO2 concentration in the air was ≤0.05 mg·m-3 and could last for 8.3 hours in the forest with a width of 30 m to 40 m. The shelter communities along the aerodrome road have marked ecological function on reducing the heat island effect and contaminated gases of road surface. Using trend surface regression method, the temporal and spatial distribution fitting equation of SO2 and NO2 concentrations from the road to forest obtained a good fitting result.
The Fine Scale Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Physical Properties in a Primary Tropical Montane Rainforest of Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China
SHI Lei-lei, LUO Tu-shou, XU Han, LIN Ming-xian, YANG Huai, CHEN De-xiang, LI Yi-de
2012, 25(3): 285-293.
Abstract:
The fine-scale (1 hm2) spatial heterogeneity of the soil physical properties in a primary tropical montane rainforest of Jianfengling, Hainan Island was investigated with geostatistics. The results demonstrated that:(1)the exponential, Gaussian and spherical models separately well fitted the soil data at different layers. The ranges of all the soil physical properties and the ratios of nugget versus sill at the different layers ranged from 10.810 to 48.650 m and 10.2%-87.8%, respectively. The soil porosity and water retention had a large nugget effect in a smaller scale (2 primary tropical montane rainforest of Jianfengling, Hainan Island.
Changes of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties at Different Developmental Stages of Larix kaempferi Plantations in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province
WANG Hong-xing, SUN Xiao-mei, CHEN Dong-sheng, SHEN Ya-zhou, MA Jian-wei
2012, 25(3): 294-301.
Abstract:
The changes of soil physical and chemical properties at different developmental stages (6, 15, 23, and 35 years old) of larch (Larix kaempferi Carr.) plantations were investigated and analyzed with chronosequence method in the forest area of Xiaolongshan in Gansu Province. By the method of principal component analysis, the integrated fertility indexes for larch plantations were calculated taking the contribution rate of each principal component character as weight. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were deteriorated in the pre-mature stands with the growth of larch plantations. For example, the soil bulk density increased to 1.62 g·cm-3, the capillary porosity and maximum moisture capacity decreased to 29.69% and 24.45%, while the amounts of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium decreased. The soil properties from pre-mature to mature forest stage showed the value of soil physical and chemical properties recovered, such as the soil bulk density decreased to 1.21 g·cm-3, the capillary porosity and maximum moisture capacity increased to 45.56% and 42.65%, and the amounts of soil nutrient returned to high level, even much higher than the level of the middle age forest. The integrated fertility indexes (IFI) of the soil were -0.329, 0.188, -0.565 and 0.739 in the young, middle, pre-mature, and mature plantations respectively, so the soil properties of pre-mature forest displayed the worst values, while those of the mature was the best.
Study on Storage and Bourgeoning of Spruce Pollen
MA Jian-wei, WANG Jun-hui, ZHANG Shou-gong, ZHAO Qiu-ling, HAN Yun-hua, ZHANG Zeng-shun
2012, 25(3): 302-307.
Abstract:
The effects of sucrose concentration, pH value and storage conditions on germination and pollen tube growth of in vitro cultured spruce were studied, and the ingredients of culture medium were optimized. The results showed that the effect of sucrose concentration and pH value on spruce pollen’s germination was significant, and also a clear threshold effect existed. Low or high concentration of sucrose was not conducive to the pollen’s germination, it was found that 10% of which was more suitable to the in vitro culture of spruce pollen; different spruce species required different concentrations of sucrose medium, 7.5% of sucrose concentration medium was better to pollen tube germination of Picea asperata, but 10% of which was the best medium to that of Picea abies. Both pH 4.5 and 6.5 had restrained action on pollen germinating rate of spruce, and the growth of pollen tubes. Under dark culture conditions, the P. abies began to germinate in the 6 h, but the P. asperata germinated in 8 h, the P. abies was 2 hours in advance and in the mass germinating power was higher than that of P. asperata; the growth process of P. abies was 20-22 h, and that of P. asperata was about 16 h; The pollen tubes of P. abies was over 10 μm longer in length than that of P. asperata. There were significant differences of germinating power and length of pollen tubes between genotypes of two different individuals of both spruces. The storage methods had great influence on the viability of pollen. In the process of pollen preservation, temperature was the key factor, cryopreservation was better than cold storage and room temperature preservation was unfavorable.
Study on Habitat Forest Type and Plant Diversity of Sichuan Snub-nosed Monkey in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve
LI Guang-liang, XUE Ya-dong, ZHANG Yu-guang, SU Xiu-jiang, YANG Jing-yuan, WANG Xiu-lei, LI Di-qiang
2012, 25(3): 308-316.
Abstract:
The experimental plots in representative areas of the Shennongjia Nature Reserve were established.The forest communities in Shennongjia were investigated by using TWINSPAN. The plant communities in these plots were investigated to discern the pattern of species diversity distribution along the altitudinal gradient.The α-diversity and β-diversity were calculated by using the data collected.The α-diversity of the tree layer peaked in the evergreen broadleaved forest zone at low-elevation,the α-diversity of the shrub layer increased gradually at first and then decreased along the altitudinal gradient,while the α-diversity of the herb layer peaked in mid-altitude.The β-diversity peaked at mid-elevations where the composition of edificatory species changed.The transition zone was characterized by relatively high levels of species diversity and species turn-over rate.The overall species richness peaked in mid-altitude.The results of this research could provide a sound basis for reserve management and planning, as well as preservation of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey in this reserve.
Growing Process of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis Seedling under Different Irrigation Intensities
WEI Wei, LI Gen-qian, LI Tian-jiang, DAI Guang-hui, LI Sun-ling, XIAO Zhi-yong, GAO Hai-yin, LIU Dan-yi
2012, 25(3): 317-324.
Abstract:
To study the dynamic growth and productivity of Hippophae rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis under different water conditions, an annual growth model of H. rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis in respect of height (new shoot) and ground diameter under polymorphic irrigation intensities was established with the dynamic growth increment data collected from experiments on the growth of H. rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis under different water conditions simulated by field irrigation, and based on the polymorphic curves method in which the site index was replaced by the irrigation intensity. The results of study showed that: (1) There were differences in three parameters of the Logistic Model regarding to the height and grand diameter under different irrigation intensities: the differences in parameter K and parameter b were extremely significant (Sig.≤0.01) while the difference in parameter a was significant (0.01<Sig.≤0.05). (2) The multiple comparisons among 5 Biological Meanings of the growth model under different irrigations revealed that: The growth model of height and ground diameter had polymorphism caused by the differences of parameters leaded by different irrigation intensities. (3) When the irrigation intensity was 0~6 times more than rainfall, the parameter K and b in growth model of height and ground diameter accorded with the quadratic curve respectively, parameter a accorded with the power curve. These regression results contributed to the establishment of the polymorphic irrigation intensity growth model of H. rhamnoides L. subsp. sinensis in respect of height and ground diameter. (4) The analysis on the productivity of the polymorphic irrigation intensity growth model indicated that the increment in respect of height turned to be the greatest as the irrigation intensity was 4.83 times of the normal rainfall, while in respect of ground diameter, 4.53 times.
Population Regeneration and Genetic Diversity of Spruce (Picea koraiensis) in Heilongjiang Eastern Mountain Area
ZHAO Li-ling, SUN Long, WANG Qing-gui
2012, 25(3): 325-331.
Abstract:
The survey plots were selected for natural regeneration of Picea koraiensis in the Northeastern part of 12 Picea koraiensis provenances distribution area. In order to reveal the genetic diversity of P.koraiensis, 144 samples from 12 provenances were examined by using RAPD markers. Their genetic diversity characteristics were analyzed based on the population regeneration results in this study. The results could provide the evidences in population level and molecular level for the study on the declining mechanism of spruce. The result showed that there were higher genetic variations among the provenances of P.koaiensis at DNA level. The proportion of total polymorphic loci reached 98.81%. Also, Shannon’s Information Index and Nei’s Gene Diversity Index were used to estimate the genetic diversities for the provenances of P. koraiensis, the Nei (H) was 0.363 2, the Shannon index (I) was 0.540 5. The genetic differentiations for inter-provenance and intra-provenance were 27.72% and 72.28%, the genetic differentiation index (Gst) among these provenances was 0.277 2, the gene flow coefficient was 1.304 0. It also showed that there was a close relationship among different provenances, varying from 0.804 6 to 0.923 7. On the basis of cluster analysis of genetic distance, 12 provenances could be divided into three groups, the first group includes the provenances of Xinqing, Wuyiling and Hongxing; the second includes the provenances of Wuying, Youhao, Meixi, Wumahe, Dailing, Nancha and Shuangfeng; and the last group contains the provenances of Mengkeshan and Talin. Population regeneration data showed that: Daxing’anling, Xinqing, Wuyiling and Hongxing provenances in Xiaoxing’anling are progressing populations, Wuying, Youhao, Meixi, Wumahe, Dailing, Nancha and Shuangfeng provenances in Xiaoxing’anling are declining population, These result can provide a basis to re-allocate the districts for the optimal distribution of P.koraiensis. The results may further provide a data base for the declining mechanism of spruce, and also provide a scientific basis for spruce genetic diversity conservation and ecological restoration.
Construction of Stress Induced Full Length cDNA Library of Sedum alfredii and Isolation of Genes Related to Cd-tolerance
LIU Ming-ying, QIAO Gui-rong, JIANG Jing, QIU Wen-min, ZHUO Ren-ying
2012, 25(3): 332-338.
Abstract:
A cadmium stress induced full-length cDNA Library from the Sedum alfredii was constructed by using improved SMART cDNA library construction protocol. Total RNA were extracted from S. alfredii under cadmium stress. After synthesizing the first-strand cDNA using limited amount of total RNA, the double-strand cDNA was amplified with long-distance PCR method. The full-length cDNA fragment was linked to versatile vector pYES2.0G, then the linked product was transferred into yeast INVSc1. The clones were randomly selected to sequence and bioinformatics analysis was carried out. The inserted fragments in the library are about 1000 bp length. This full-length cDNA Library provides a important tool for the study of the salt tolerance mechanisms of S. alfredii.
Competitive States in Natural Middle-aged Forest of Mongolian Oak at Jincang Forest Farm
SHEN Chen-chen, LEI Xiang-dong, WANG Fu-you, MA Wu, SHEN Jian-bo
2012, 25(3): 339-345.
Abstract:
Tree competition states were examined in two 50 m × 50 m plots of natural middle-aged forests of Mongolian oak, which are located at Jincang Forest Farm, Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province. Eight competition indices were selected to show the states of inter-and intra-species competition. The analysis results indicated that the trees competed strongly in both aspects of intra-species and inter-species, especially for Mongolian oak. White birch and black birch, the strongest competitive species for Mongolian oak, were also the most competitive species in the forest. But the competitiveness of Mongolian oak was at the middle level among the species. The results of the indices differed from each other due to they reflected the competition from different aspects. The competition intensity of Mongolian oak decreased as the diameter of the individual tree increased, and the relationship can be reasonably depicted by power function.
Analysis on Insecticidal Activity of Bt Transgenic Populus deltoides × P. euramericana cv‘Nanlin895’and Its Effects on Soil Microorganism
ZHANG Yan, GUO Tong-bin, PAN Hui-xin, HUANG Min-ren, WANG Ming-xiu, ZHUGE Qiang
2012, 25(3): 346-350.
Abstract:
During the growing season of 2011, the leaves of four Bt transgenic clones B1, B4, B17 and B21 of Populus deltoides × P. euramericana cv. ‘Nanlin895’ were exposed to the target pest larvae of Micromelalopha troglodyta to assess the insecticidal activity of Bt transgenic P. deltoides × P. euramericana cv. ‘Nanlin895’ under laboratory and field conditions. It was showed that all the clones had certain insecticidal activity against target pests. The corrected mortality of the target pest feeding on clone B21 was as high as 95.3%. The corrected mortalities in August and September were 35.0%-88.8% and 40.5%-95.3% respectively under field conditions. The pupation ratio was 83.3%-96.0% in CK, while in transgenic poplar that was 8.0%-76.7%, showing a significant difference between them. The development of target larvae was inhibited by Bt transgenic P. deltoides × P. euramericana cv. ‘Nanlin895’. After 8 days’ feeding, the intake and growth rate of target larvae were significantly lower than that of the CK. The effect of Bt transgenic poplars on microorganisms in rhizosphere soil was also studied and no significant difference was found in the quantities of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete between the transgenic and non-transgenic poplars, suggesting no negative influence on the soil microorganism system.
A Preliminary Study on Colletorichum from Horned Gallnut
SHAO Shu-xia, YANG Zi-xiang, CHEN Xiao-ming
2012, 25(3): 351-354.
Abstract:
A pathogenic fungus Colletorichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc isolated from horned gallnut, a Chinese gallnut from Yunnan Province, was reported for the first time. Its morphological and molecular biological characteristics were identified, and its damage status and mycelium characters on gall and mydium were described. The pathogenic fungi Colletorichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc belongs to Melanconiales (Deuteromycotina: Coelomycetes).
Study on Litter Water Interception Capacity of Phyllostachys edulis Plantations with Different Densities
YU Lin, FAN Shao-hui, SU Wen-hui, LIU Wei-yi, FENG Huan-ying
2012, 25(3): 355-359.
Abstract:
The litter amount and the water holding characteristic parameters, such as the maximum water holding capacity and rate, the water absorption rate and the modified interception amount of Phyllostachys edulis plantations with four densities were studied in Huangshan district. The results are as follows: The total amount, thickness and natural water content of litters under all the four stands tested were different. The total litter amount in different stands ranged between 3.98 t·hm-2 to 6.00 t·hm-2, that in the stand with the density of 3 000 stems·hm-2 was the most. The ratio of maximum water-holding capacity of litter in various stands ranged from 317.09% to 347.58%. The maximum water holding capacity of litter in the stand with the density of 3 000 stems·hm-2 was 20.70 t·hm-2. By analyzing, the relationship between the water holding capacity of litter and the immersion time followed the equation of: W=alnt+b (a is the coefficient; b is the constant term). The relationship between the water absorption speed of the litter and the immerse time followed the equation of: V=ctd (c is the coefficient; d is the exponential term). The litter water capacity increased rapidly within the first four hours, and then increased slowly. The results also showed that the hydrological character of litter was positively related to density in Ph. edulis forest. Therefore, it is important to choose appropriate density for enhancing the eco-hydrological benefits of litter layer in Ph. edulis forest.
Changes of Endogenous Hormones and Anatomical Structure of Rhododendron stamineum During Cutting Propagation
LI Chao-chan, ZHAO Yun-long, ZHANG Dong-lin, WU Hua-mei, CHEN Xun
2012, 25(3): 360-365.
Abstract:
The semi-hardwood stems of wild Rhododendron stamineum were collected and treated with KIBA, KNAA and Hormodin. The contents of endogenous hormones IAA, GA3, ZR, and ABA were measured and the stems were scanned with SEM during the rooting period. The results indicated that double dips (quick dipped into liquid KNAA (3 000 mg·L-1) and then the powder Hormodin #1 (1 000 mg·L-1)) had a significant effect on rooting and resulted in the highest rooting rate of 81.25%. During the rooting process, higher concentration of endogenous IAA contents was conductive to the formation of root primordium differentiation, GA3 content showed a positive correlation with the cuttings callus induction and adventitious root formation, and low levels of ABA should promote rooting of cuttings. Cuttings needed endogenous ZR during root primordium differentiation and callus formation and it could synthesize own ZR after root initiated. It is necessary to supplement carbohydrate during rotting period through the research of starch grains, the emergence of cluster-like crystals indicated that the mechanism of Ca regulation has been established.
Biological Characteristics of Storage Pest Plodia interpunctella of Masson Pine Pollen
ZHAO Jin-nian, HE Yu-you, LI Guo-song, FENG Zhong-ping, YU Wen-xian
2012, 25(3): 366-372.
Abstract:
The Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) is the major economic insect pest of stored Masson pine pollen products. This paper deals with the biological characteristics of the insect feeding Masson pine pollen. By one-year’s observation on P. interpunctella in Fuyang City of Zhejiang Province, it is found that the P. interpunctella reproduces five generations per year and the mature larvae hide in gaps of deposits such as boxes, interior wall, furniture and paper packing for overwintering. Both the adult and larvae behavior are of extremely agile and can quickly fly or climb away from the store materials, with strongly spreading ability. Overwintering adult emergence shows two main peak periods in May 12-13 and May 22-23 respectively. The adult emergence peaks of the first, the second, the third and the fourth generation are July 3-4, July 28-29, August 27-29 and October 5-6 respectively. The average mating duration of adult is 75.8 minutes per time. The female adult lays eggs after mating and the average amount is 128 eggs per female. The mean life of adult is 8.0 days and female-male ratio is 1.0:1.2. The average duration of eggs is 4.9 days. The mean crawling speed of the mature larvae is 25.2 cm·min-1, and the number of straight crawling insects occupies 62.5% of the total. Feeding of per larva is 0.055g of pine pollen tablet. The larvae migrate to find new food sources when lack of food or to find hidden places to pupate as maturing. The average pupating duration takes 9.9 days.
Isolation and Comparison of Inhibitory Effect of Antimicrobial Peptides from Blaps rhynchoptera Larvae under Induced and Non-induced Conditions
SUN Long, FENG Ying, HE Zhao, CHEN Zhi-Yong, ZHAO Min, HE Rui
2012, 25(3): 373-377.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial peptide which plays a key role in the innate immune system of insect, is a kind of cationic alkaline peptide with low molecule weight. It is so effective against bacteria that it can be expected to develop as a new antibiotic. In this study, the authors compared the inhibitory effect of antimicrobial peptides of Blaps rhynchoptera Fairmaire larvae at induced treatment with non-induced treatment during isolation and purification procedures. The result indicated that both crude extracts of the two groups had no inhibitory effect on indicator bacteria at first. But after gel chromatography, the fraction DZP1 from non-induced group showed anti-bacteria activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Meanwhile the fraction YDP1 from induced group displayed anti-bacteria activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, YDP1 had stronger activity than DZP1 and its anti-bacteria spectrum was broadened. Based on the analysis of Tricine-SDS-PAGE, the components of DZP1 and YDP1 were similar, both composed of small peptides no less than 20 kD. The results suggested that the antimicrobial peptide could be obtained from both induced and non-induced insects and the inhibitory effect against microbes would be stronger after challenging with bacteria.
The Influence of Insular Geographical Isolation on Population Genetic Structure of Camellia japonica
LIN Li, LI Ji-yuan, NI Sui, CHEN Yue, FAN Zheng-qi, LI Xin-lei, YING Zhen
2012, 25(3): 378-384.
Abstract:
240 samples of Camellia japonica collected from 8 populations in Zhejiang Province and Qingdao City of Shangdong Province were analyzed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to detect their genetic structure. 210 discernible loci were obtained from all the populations using 20 primers. Of these loci, 87.62% was polymorphic (PPB=87.62%). The average percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB=68.99%), Nei’s gene diversity (HE=0.256 9) and Shannon’s Information Index (H=0.377 9), estimated by POPGENE1.32, indicated that the C. japonica had higher level genetic diversity than many other insular plant species. The coefficient gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.182 9, indicating more variation was from the individuals of the populations. According to Mantel Test (r = 0.856 7,PC. japonica natural population should be protected in situ and facilitate its natural generation.
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of Soil Water Content at Different Size of Gaps of Pinus koraiensis-Dominated Broadleaved Mixed Forest
DUAN Wen-biao, FENG Jing, CHEN Li-xin
2012, 25(3): 385-393.
Abstract:
Sampling plots were established by the method of grids in a forest gap and closed forest of Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forests in Xiaoxing’anling Mountains, the volumetric soil water content (SWC) in I~III soil layers in medium and small gaps was measured by using time domain reflectometry 200 (TDR 200) during the period of July and September, 2010. The basic characteristics of SWC in each soil layer and the difference in SWC among various sampling locations in the same gap were analyzed by traditional statistics and geostatistical methods, Kriging interpolating was performed and the spatial distribution maps of SWC were drawn by using surfer 8.0 software, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of SWC in the gaps was analyzed. The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis and data support for further studies on soil physical properties, gap regeneration and sustainable management of Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest. The results showed that SWC in I~III soil layers in medium and small gaps fell into moderate variation. With increased soil depth, the SWC and patch connection degree increased. The maximum SWC occurred in the area in and around gap center, and this area expanded and approached to the gap center with increased soil depth. However, the minimum SWC appeared within the expanded gaps and closed forest. For medium and small gaps, the difference in SWC in layer II among respective gap center and its edge was larger than that in layer I and layer III. Between July and September, the mean SWC exhibited single-peak variation, larger in medium gap than in small gap, the maximum appeared in August. The SWC in layer I and II in September decreased substantially than that in August, but there was slightly variation in layer III in September as compared with that in August.
Establishment of High-efficiency Regeneration System of Leaf Explants of Eucalyptus grandis Clone EG5
DENG Yi, ZENG Bing-shan, LIU Ying, QIU Zhen-fei, LI Xiang-yang
2012, 25(3): 394-399.
Abstract:
The leaves of Eucalyptus grandis clone EG5 were used as explants for callus induction and shoot regeneration. The results indicated that the optimum medium for callus induction and adventitious shoot differentiation was modified MS + 0.12 mg·L-1TDZ + 0.25 mg·L-1NAA; and NH4NO3 played an important role in callus growth and differentiation, The best concentration in the medium was 0.412 5 g·L-1 .The optimum medium for shoot elongation was modified MS+0.3 mg·L-16BA+0.05 mg·L-1IBA+0.3 mg·L-1IAA; A ten-day’s darkness culture could improve the adventitious shoot induction and put off the aging process and the browning of callus. The highest rooting rate was 65.47% on medium with improved MS + 0.4 mg·L-1NAA, and the survival rate of transplanting was 90%.
Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in Forest Catchment Based on Euclidean Distance Model with Varying Weights
XIANG Yang-zhou, XU Da-ping, YANG Zeng-jiang, ZHANG Ning-nan, GUO Jun-yu
2012, 25(3): 400-406.
Abstract:
The Euclidean distance model with varying weights was applied to evaluate the surface water quality based on the monitoring data derived from April 2010 to February 2011 in secondary forest catchment, eucalypt plantation catchment and rubber plantation catchment in Limu Mountain, Hainan Island. The results were compared with that of grey association analysis method, grey clustering model and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results indicated that the assessment results of surface water quality in the three types of forest catchments based on Euclidean distance model with varying weights and grey clustering model were Grade I, the assessment results of surface water quality in secondary forest catchment based on grey association analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were also Grade I, but besides that the assessment results of surface water quality in eucalypt plantation catchment in June 2010 and rubber plantation catchment in August 2010 based on the last two methods were Grade II, those in the remain seven months were Grade I, showing that the plantation in this area did not cause significantly negative effect on surface water.
Effect of Special Slag Fertilizer on the Growth of Phyllostachys edulis Bamboo Shoot
FENG Huan-ying, FAN Shao-hui, SU Wen-hui, YU Lin, LIU Guang-lu
2012, 25(3): 407-410.
Abstract:
The influences of two bamboo special slag fertilizers (SSF-1 and SSF-2) on the growth of Phyllostachys edulis were studied in comparison with common compound fertilizer (CCF) and non-fertilizing (CK). The results showed that the SSF-1 had the best shooting yield, followed by SSF-2 and CCF, the CK had the least. The ANOVA analysis showed that the amount of bamboo shoot by using SSF-1 was 2 911 strain per hectare in the peak shoot season, which was respectively 34.35% and 46.93% higher than that using CCF and the CK. The effects of different fertilizer recipes on the quantity of adult bamboo and the DBH of young bamboo were not significant, while the yield of young bamboo with different fertilizing treatments were significantly higher than that of the CK, and SSF-1 had the highest yield which was 32.29 tons per hectare.