• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2013 Vol. 26, No. 1

Display Method:
Study on the Nutrient Cycling of Ⅰ-69 Poplar Plantation
YANG Shi-hua, YANG Cheng-dong, DONG Yu-hong, LI Yi-quan, XU Qing-yan, PENG Zi-zhu, CHEN Xin-chu, LI Hua-ai
2013, 26(1): 1-7.
Abstract:
The results of positioning test on the nutrient cycling of I-69 poplar plantation within the first rotation show that:(1) The suitable range of average annual leaf nutrient values in the fast-growing period are:N(2.98%-3.37%)>Ca(2.26%-2.95%)>K(0.65%-0.73%)>Mg(0.35%-0.46%)>P(0.11%-0.13)%), indicating the Ⅰ-69 is a N- and Ca-favored species. (2) Both the annual and monthly variations of leaf nutrient values in the fast-growing period are extremely significant; the tree growth is regular and the dynamic changes of leaves in nutrient absorption, accumulation, distribution and transfer reflect the characteristics of nutrient cycling in vivo. The sequence of forest biomass allocation is the same for each of the year and follows the order of stem> branch> lateral root> taproot> stem bark> taproot bark, and the biomass of leaves decrease with the increase of forest age; the nutrient allocation in fast-growing period follow the order of lateral roots> branches> stem>stem bark> taproot> taproot bark; in the late stage, the nutrients in branch and stem are higher than in the lateral roots, and that in leaves decrease with the increase of stand age, but the nutrient distribution ratio for leaves is higher than that for stem; The accumulation and distribution of biological nutrient are consistent with the tree growth. (3)The nutrient cycling rates in the forest ecosystems are 0.47 in the early growth stage and 0.28 in the late growth stage, and the nutrient utilization rates are also different, i.e. in early stage, N 7.6 kg, Ca 4.97 kg, K 1.89 kg, Mg 0.84 kg, and P 0.26 kg are needed to produce 1 ton of dry matter compared with N 4.3 kg, Ca 6.34 kg, K 1.39 kg, Mg 1.14 kg, and P 0.18 kg in late stage. The mean percentages of annual move away of soil nutrients of post-harvested plantation in soil mean available nutrients are N 36.80%, P 52.8%, and K 19.73%, with a rather higher expenditure. However, there is a high level of soil nutrient supply, so the nutrient cycling between trees and soil in the forest ecosystem is still in virtuous circle with dynamic equilibrium.
Evolution of Litterfall Accumulation and the Characteristics of Its Carbon Pool in the Process of Natural Restoration of Karst Forest Vegetation
HUANG Zong-sheng, FU Yu-hong, YU Li-fei
2013, 26(1): 8-14.
Abstract:
Using the method of taking space instead of time, the evolution of litterfall accumulation and the characteristics of its carbon pool in the process of natural restoration of karst forest vegetation was studied in the Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou. The results are as follows:the litterfall accumulation reduced in the process of natural restoration, and the changes of litterfall accumulation decreased quickly in the early stages, but slowly in the middle and late stages. The litterfall accumulation was affected deeply by geomorphologic factors, life cycle of community and soil microorganism in the process of natural restoration. By contrast, the water and heat conditions had little influence to the litterfall accumulation. The litter accumulation had a strong negative correlation with the lost weight rate and the soil surface microbial biomass carbon. There was a strong positive correlation between the lost weight rate and the soil surface microbial biomass carbon. The litter accumulation carbon content rate had no difference among all stages. The litterfall accumulation carbon density followed the same evolution law with the litterfall accumulation as the positive succession developed. The litterfall accumulation played a role as a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide along the natural restoration, and the characters of litterfall accumulation carbon pool varied from strong carbon source effect and instable carbon sequestration capacity in the early stage to little carbon source effect and stable carbon sequestration capacity in the middle and late stages. The relation equation between the litterfall carbon density (Y) and the exist litterfall accumulation (x) are:Y=bo+b1x(bo and b1 are constant). It plays an important role in observing litterfall carbon density in the research region. So it is necessary to enhance the protection of karst forest vegetation, which would be beneficial for the forest succession, create good condition for litterfall accumulation organic carbon being turned into soil organic carbon, and enhance the stability of forest ecosystems.
Genetic Diversity of Allozyme Markers of Liquidambar formosana Hance
CHAI Guo-feng, ZHENG Yong-qi, WANG Liang-gui, ZHANG Chuan-hong, HUANG Fa-xin, DING Xiao-fei
2013, 26(1): 15-20.
Abstract:
The leaf samples from 16 Liquidambar formosana Hance populations were analyzed to study allozyme diversity using vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 6 loci of 6 enzyme systems were recorded. The results showed:(1) The genetic structures were different among populations. Allele frequencies ranged from 0-1.00, 4 rare genes and 3 unique genes were found in the assayed populations. At least 1 rare gene was found in 9 populations and 1 unique gene in 6 populations. (2) At species level, the mean number of alleles per locus was 3, the mean number of effective alleles per locus was 1.855 7, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 100%, and the observed heterozygosity was 0.582, the expected heterozygosity was 0.443, the mean value of Shannon index was 0.711 0. Overall, the proportion of heterozygotes within these populations was excessive. (3) According to the UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance, the populations were classified into two groups, the Jian'ou population was clearly separated from all other populations by a large distance from other populations, and the rest 15 populations forming a big group, in which the populations of Fengdu and Huangshan were more distant from the other 13 populations, and genetic distances among the 13 populations were smaller from each other. The grouping of populations by cluster analysis was generally in consistence with the pattern of geographic distribution of the populations.
Community Composition and Structure of Phoebe zhennan Forest in Enshi, Hubei Province
WANG Qi, LI Yin-gang, LIU Xin-hong, WU Dai-kun, LIU Fang-qi, HE Yun-he
2013, 26(1): 21-28.
Abstract:
The vegetation of Phoebe zhennan forest is protected very well in Enshi of Hubei Province. A survey of community composition and structure of Phoebe zhennan in Enshi was conducted through survey sampling. The results show that there are 332 species of vascular plants belonging to 229 genera of 97 families in the P. zhennan forest. Many genera contain only one species. The dominant families include Rosaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, etc. By the statistics of species abundance, basal area, mean DBH(diameter at breast height)≥2.5 cm, and important value, it shows that the pioneer species P. zhennan is the dominant species in arbor layer. The floristic characteristics indicate that the tropical elements are more than temperate elements. The proportion of the pantropic type is the greatest, the number of the tropic elements are more than temperate ones. The community could be divided into three layers including arbors, shrubs and herbs. The structure of DBH size-class of all species in the plot generally appears increase, which indicates normal community growth. The size-class structure of main species showed a growing or stable type. The shrub layer is relatively abundant in species, the diversity from high to low follows the order of shrub, herb and arbor.
Construction of Artificial miRNA of ptc-miR213 Expression Vector and Transformation into Arabidopsis thaliana
XIE Li-hua, JIANG Jing, LIU Ming-ying, QIAO Gui-rong, QIU Wen-min, YANG Hui-qin, ZHUO Ren-ying
2013, 26(1): 29-33.
Abstract:
The ptc-miR213 was identified from Populus cathayana by microRNA library sequence. It has been confirmed that the ptc-miR213 is induced by salt stress. The putative targets are MYB4, PP2C and protein kinase, in which MYB may play an important role in response to salt stress. To investigate the function of ptc-miR213, the artificial miRNA213 expression vector was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR. The results showed that amiRNA transcript level was markedly improved in transgenic plant compared with non-transgenic plants.
Morphology and Biology of Endoclyta signifer Walker(Lepidoptera:Hepialidae), a New Wood Borer on Eucalyptus
YANG Xiu-hao, YU Yong-hui, CAO Shu-ge, LUO You-qing, LUO Ji-tong, WANG Ji-jian
2013, 26(1): 34-40.
Abstract:
Endoclyta signifer Walker is a new wood borer on eucalyptus recorded in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong province in recent years. In this paper, the morphology, biology and distribution of E.signifer were studied. In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, E. signifer distributes in 232 towns of 49 counties, 12 districts, and its distribution area is 2 894.42 hectares. Most of the individuals take one year to complete a generation, and over-winter with larvae in host stem from mid-December, the pupa occur in March of next year, emergence in April, the 1st instars larvae appear in May, and the larvae begin to transfer boring into host tree in June or July. Only one emergence happens in a year. It distributes mainly in the mountain area, valleys or gully, 1-2 year-old hybrid eucalyptus, Eucaluptus grandis×E. urophylla and E. urophylla×E. grandis are usually damaged seriously. The ratio of timber volume decline in 1-and 2-year-old damaged eucalyptus plantation were 16.70% and 24.78%, respectively. In valleys and gully area,1-2 year-old hybrid eucalyptus plantation are the prevention area and the control object.
Analysis on Dominant Population of Fungus and Bacteria from Healthy and Canker Disease-Infected Populus×euroamericana Bark
LI Yong, PIAO Chun-gen, HE Wei, GUO Li-min, CHANG Ju-pu, XIE Shou-jiang, GUO Min-wei, LIN Le-min
2013, 26(1): 41-45.
Abstract:
To explore species changes of dominant population of fungi and bacteria from healthy and canker disease-infected Populus× euroamericana, the cultivable bacteria and fungi from healthy and diseased poplar bark in Puyang city were isolated. The results show that the dominant species of fungi from healthy and diseased poplar bark are Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani respectively, and the strains number of F. solani from diseased poplar bark are more than 85% of all the fungal isolates. And the bacterial dominant species of diseased poplar plants bark is Lonsdalea quercina, and the strains number of which are more than 67% of the all bacterial isolates, while the preponderant species of three healthy poplar bark samples are different. F. solani and L. quercina became the preponderant species in cankers of Populus×euroamericana.
Effects of Nitrogen Exponential Fertilization on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Catalpa bungei Clones
WANG Li-peng, YAN Zi-yi, LI Ji-yue, WANG Jun-hui, HE Qian, SU Yan, DONG Ju-lan
2013, 26(1): 46-51.
Abstract:
In order to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different Catalpa bungei clones and to determine the optimum nitrogen rate, three Catalpa bungei clones (1-4, 7080, and 015-1) were used to study the dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics under four levels of exponential fertilization. The results showed that:(1)The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and the stomatal conductance of the three C. bungei clones by nitrogen treatment were higher than that of the CK in three months. The net photosynthetic rate of clones 1-4, 7080, and 015-1 were 36.63%-89.66%, 9.35%-70.87%, and 14.92%-66.12% higher than that of the CK. The water use efficiencies of clones 1-4, 7080, and 015-1 in July and August were 30.14%-57.38%, 19.05%-53.85%, and 12.69%-47.54% higher compared with that of the CK. (2)The photosynthetic parameters of clones 1-4, 7080, and 015-1 in June and July increased with the increasing of nitrogen application rate, and showed the trend of "up-down" in August. (3)Various exponential fertilization could promote the photosynthetic capacity of C. bungei clones, and the effects of 10 g urea·plant-1 were the best. In August, the net photosynthetic rates and water use efficiencies of clones 1-4, 7080, and 015-1 were 13.76, 17.36, and 12.82 μmol·m-2·s-1, 3.84, 4.60, and 3.60 μmol·mmol-1. The photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of clone 7080 were better than that of clone 1-4 and 015-1.
Effect of Cutting on Soil Respiration in Phyllostachy edulis Forest, Mubushan, China
TANG Xiao-lu, FAN Shao-hui, QI Liang-hua, LIU Guang-lu, GUAN Feng-ying, DU Man-yi, XU Qing-biao
2013, 26(1): 52-57.
Abstract:
To determine the effect of cutting on soil respiration in Phyllostachy edulis forest, Mubushan, Hubei Province, the soil surface CO2 flux, soil temperature and moisture at the depth of 5 cm were measured by LI-COR-8100 soil CO2 flux system, and the trenching method was applied to separate the soil respiration of source components. The result showed that the soil temperature increased significantly after cutting, but the soil moisture did not change significantly; the total soil respiration, litter respiration and mineral respiration elevated after cutting, but the root respiration decreased. The soil respiration and source components respiration were exponentially related with the soil temperature (R2=32.63%-84.50%) and linearly related with the soil moisture (R2=40.60%-93.50%), respectively. However, the combined model of soil temperature and moisture could predict the variations of soil respiration more accurately (R2=41.40%-96.20%). The increase of soil respiration mainly resulted from the increase of soil temperature after cutting.
Light Responses of Nitraria tangutorum to Rain Addition Treatments
HE Ji, WU Bo, JIA Zi-yi, CAO Yan-li, YAO Bin
2013, 26(1): 58-64.
Abstract:
Light response curves of a typical desert plant Nitraria tangutorum under four rain addition treatments (+25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of local mean annual precipitation) were measured with Li-6400xt Portable Photosynthesis Analyzer at the eastern edge of the Ulanbuh Desert, Dengkou, Inner Mongolia. The photosynthesis curves of light intensity were simulated by non-rectangle hyperbolic function and the parameters of photosynthesis were calculated to explore light response characteristics of N. tangutorum to different rain addition treatments. The parameters include the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax), apparent quantum yields (AQY), dark respiratory rates (Rd), light compensation points (LCP) and light saturation points (LSP). Under the controlled condition, the Amax, AQY, Rd, LCP and LSP are 13.41 μmol·m-2·s-1, 0.029 mol·mol-1, 0.61 μmol·m-2·s-1, 20.63 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 481.85 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively. The results show that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), the maximum net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency and dark respiration rate increased, but the water use efficiency decreased with the rain addition treatments. Therefore, the rain addition changed the physiological characteristics and improved photosynthetic capacity level of N. tangutorum in varying degrees. The results also show that stomatal conductance is the main factor limiting the photosynthetic rate at the stage of light saturation.
Molecular Identification of Bamboo Planthoppers (Hemiptera:Delphacidae) Based on Mitochondrial 16S rDNA Gene Sequences
HOU Xiao-hui, CHEN Xiang-sheng
2013, 26(1): 65-69.
Abstract:
Approximately 480 base pairs of mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene were sequenced for 15 species of Delphacidae. Of 480 bp mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene sequences, the percentage of A+T was about 77.5%, and 190 nucleotide sites were substituted (about 39.6%). The genetic distance of outgroup and ingroup, intergenus, interspecies and intraspecies were 0.317, 0.209, 0.132 and 0.013 respectively. The molecular phylogenetic trees constructed by parsimony method and neighbor-joining method suggest that the ingroup and outgroup are independent evolutionary branches. The genus and species formed monophyletic groups respectively, so accuracy identification is possible through the research of sequences. These results are identical with that of morphology.
Effects of Nitrogen Loading on Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Phoebe bournei Seedlings
WANG Dong-guang, YIN Guang-tian, ZOU Wen-tao, LI Rong-sheng, YANG Jin-chang
2013, 26(1): 70-75.
Abstract:
The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Phoebe bournei pot seedlings applied with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mg nitrogen per seedling in a greenhouse were investigated. The 100 mg·seedling-1 level could accelerate the mean height, ground diameter and leaf area growth; the biomass of most organs was the highest for seedling applied with nitrogen at 150 mg per seedling; the ratio of root to shoot decreased with the increasing of nitrogen fertilization; the photosynthetic performance and growth index of P. bournei seedling was consistent, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased then decreased with the nitrogen fertilization increased; the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were observed to increase with the increase of nitrogen from 0 to 100 mg per seedling and decrease with further increase of nitrogen fertilization from 100 to 400 mg per seedling. Statistical analysis indicated that the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and transpiration rate varied significantly under different nitrogen treatments. So it is concluded that 100-200 mg nitrogen per seedling is the appropriate range for seedlings of P. bournei nursed in a greenhouse.
Establishment and Optimization of ISSR Reaction System of Broussonetia papyriferaz
LIAO Sheng-xi, CUI Kai, ZHANG Peng, WANG Hai-ying, CUI Yong-zhong, YUAN Shou-qian
2013, 26(1): 76-80.
Abstract:
The effects of five factors, such as the concentration of Taq DNA polymerase, primers, dNTPs, Mg2+ and DNA template, on ISSR-PCR reaction were optimized by orthogonal tests. Thus a suitable ISSR-PCR reaction system for Broussonetia papyrifera was established. The optimized ISSR-PCR system for B. papyrifera in 20 μL reaction mixture contained 0.07 U·μL-1 Taq DNA polymerase, 0.35 μmol·L-1 ISSR primers, 0.3 mmol·L-1 dNTPs, 2.0 mmol·L-1 Mg2+ and 1.2 ng·μL-1 DNA template. The suitable PCR protocol is preliminary denaturation at 94℃ for 5 min, 40 cycles of denaturation at 94℃ for 30 s, anneal at 46℃ for 45 s, extended at 72℃ for 2 min. This study could provide some references for the genetic diversity analysis of B. papyrifera.
Research on Genetic Variations of Anthocyanins in Azalea Petals
CHEN Yue, LI Ji-yuan, NI Sui, LIN Li
2013, 26(1): 81-87.
Abstract:
27 azalea samples of seven pairs of azalea parents and their hybrids were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV/Vis Detector, and 15 major anthocyanins were detected. The results of quantitative analysis show that Cy3Ga, Cy3G, pigment 2, pigment 5 and pigment 14 are the main anthocyanins in azalea petals, with accumulated content over 90% of total anthocyanins, and Dp3G was only detected in 4 samples. Inheritance analysis indicates that Cy3G5G and pigment 15 are multiple-gene inheritance pattern dominated by enhancer genes; pigment 5, pigment 14 and Cy3G are controlled by equivalent genes; pigment 2, pigment 4 and Cy3G are dominated by reductive genes. Therefore it is deduced that flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase and flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase are controlled respectively by reductive genes and equivalent genes; flavonoid 5-O-galactosyltransferase is controlled by enhancer genes. The results of color comparison show that Dp3G is highly correlated with blue-purple in azalea flowers; pigment 14 is correlated with magenta flowers, and other anthocyanins are correlated with scarlet flowers. The strategies for color breeding with anthocyanin assistance are brought forward.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of Antennae and Sensilla of Kallima inachus
TANG Yu-chong, ZHOU Cheng-li, CHEN Xiao-ming
2013, 26(1): 88-93.
Abstract:
The external morphology of antennae and sensilla of Kallima inachus (Doubleday) were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the antennae were club-shaped,and there were five types of sensillum on antennae:Böhm bristles, sensilla squamiformia, sensilla trichodea (Ⅰ,Ⅱ), sensilla coeloconica and sensilla chaetica. The sensilla numbers and their distribution were also examined in detail. The morphology of all sensilla types of males and females was the same. Although slight differences were recorded between the male and the female in the number of sensilla squamiformia, sensilla trichodeaⅡand the distribution of the sensilla coeloconica, no significant differences were observed in number and distribution in the other sensillum types. In the total number of sensilla, male is more than female; however, there were still no obviously sex dimorphisms.
Study on Cutting Propagation of Thuja sutchuenensis, An Endangered Species Endemic to China
JIN Jiang-qun, GUO Quan-shui, ZHU Li, XU Ge-xi
2013, 26(1): 94-100.
Abstract:
The cutting propagation trial on Thuja sutchuenensis was carried out in a tree nursery located at Xianyi Village, Chengkou County, Chongqing, China and in the greenhouse of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing. Through the experiment, the effects of various factors, including age of donor trees, kinds and concentrations of auxin, substrate and physically-root-promoting, on rooting were examined. The results are as follows:(1) The rooting rate of cuttings from one-year-old T. sutchuenensis sapling varied from 74.76% to 96.7% 120 days after cutting under different disposed conditions in the nursery of Xianyi, where adopting automatic spray facilities and medium with vermiculite:peat:pearlite (1:1:1, v/v/v). Specifically, the cuttings disposed to 2 000 mg·L-1 IBA showed the highest rooting rate, with a decreasing tendency in water, 1 000 mg·L-1 IBA, and 1 000 mg·L-1 IBA plus 500 mg·L-1 NAA (PT. sutchuenensis cuttings showed a lower rooting rate than that in Xianyi (P-1 IBA, and 1 000 mg·L-1 IBA plus 50 mg·L-1 NAA. The obvious difference of rooting rate between Xianyi and Greenhouse may be aroused by nutrition of donor trees and the environmental factors. (3) For adult T. sutchuenensis cuttings In Xianyi, which were disposed to 27 combinations of different kinds of hormone and solutions of physically promoting root, the highest rooting rate was only 20.83%. The combination, under which the rooting rate was higher than 10%, is the combination of water-disposed plus with substrate of vermiculite:peat:pearlite (1:1:1, v/v/v), that of disposing to 1 000 mg·L-1 IBA plus 500 mg·L-1 NAA and plus a substrate with peat:pearlit (2:1, v/v), and that of 1 000 mg·L-1 IBA disposed with an even substrate of vermiculite:peat:pearlite (1:1:1, v/v/v) and plus washing through flowing water.
Controlled Breeding Techniques to Accelerate Rooting of Poplar Floral Cuttings by Warming the Flowerpots
MAN Sheng-jun, WANG Zhi-ying, SU Xiao-hua, LIU Wei, WANG Sheng-dong, YANG Zhi-yan
2013, 26(1): 101-106.
Abstract:
Species such as Populus deltoides Bartr. which are difficult to root and have a long period of seed maturation are not amenable to controlled crossing using floral cuttings in water culture. A controlled breeding technique were studies involving accelerating rooting of floral cuttings by warming the flowerpot using a constant water temperature and at the same time keeping flower buds in dormancy by low temperature environment. The floral cuttings were planted in flowerpots with soil and grown in a cool (3℃) room, the pots being soaked in water at 3 different temperatures. After 25 days, the pots with the floral cuttings were moved to the greenhouse for controlled crossing. The floral cuttings of P. deltoides with internal soil temperature of 22℃ were much superior to the others. Not only did it ease maintaining the vigor of floral cuttings, but also result in more and better seeds, which had 25.5 root hairs, root length of 31.8 cm and root weight of 16.9 g on average. The ones with 18℃ treatment had 12 root hairs, 10.4 cm root length and 2.7 g root weight on average, and the ones with 14℃ treatment had 2.2 root hairs, 4.2 cm root length and 0.4 g root weight on average. Efforts to improve rooting of P. deltoids by warming the flowerpot proved to be successful in controlled crossing with species of sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca. All the floral cuttings in soils at 22℃ produced seeds (100%), with an average of 1 800 seeds per floral cutting. 60% floral cuttings at 18℃ treatment survived, but the flowers fell because the cuttings had so weak root hairs that they were not enough to support blooming, with an average of 1 000 seeds per fruited cutting. Of those at 14℃ treatment, 20% of cuttings produced seeds, with an average of 500 seeds per fruited cutting, and 80% of the floral cuttings were infected by canker. Other female parents such as P.×canadensis showed similar results to P. deltoides, but floral cuttings of section Tacamahaca have good rooting in water culture, and showed similar results to the rooting treatment of floral cuttings in controlled crossing. Thin floral cuttings are easy to root and can maintain more catkins than floral cuttings in water culture. This is also helpful for female trees.
Relationship between Soil and Air Temperature of Robinia pseudoacacia Plantation in North China
ZHENG Ning, LU Sen, ZHANG Jin-song, MENG Ping, JIA Chang-rong, REN Ying-feng
2013, 26(1): 107-112.
Abstract:
At present, field measurement is the main means of acquiring soil temperature data, which is spatially and temporally discontinuous. The prediction model of soil temperature should be built based on continuous measured data. Based on the soil temperature data of different layers (0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm) and the air temperature above and below the canopy, the data were measured continuously in a nearly 30-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the hilly zone in Jiyuan City of He’nan Province in 2006 and 2007, the relationship between soil temperature and air temperature was analyzed, a mathematical model for predicting soil temperature was developed based on daily air temperature data in 2006, and the predictions were tested based on the data of 2007. The results show that:The variation trends of soil temperature of different layers and air temperature are basically the same; as soil depth increased, the impact of the soil increased, yet the correlation of soil temperature and air temperature decreased. According to the growth status of trees, a year can be divided into four phases of phenology. The correlation of soil temperature and air temperature was significant when the leaf area index was small. Therefore, the structure of forest canopy had obvious impact on the soil temperature. The model based on air temperature can provide a valuable and accurate tool for predicting temperature of shallow soil. However, to accurately predict deep soil temperature, more factors should be taken into account.
Variation Analysis of Phenotypic Traits in Natural Population of Idesia polycarpa
JIANG Xi-bing, GONG Bang-chu, LI Da-wei, WU Kai-yun, ZHAO Xian-min
2013, 26(1): 113-117.
Abstract:
Idesia polycarpa is an important woody oil and biomass energy tree species in China, the development of germplasm resources and research of genetic variation on I. polycarpa are of great significance. The phenotypic traits were investigated and determined, and variation among and within populations were analyzed on nine natural groups in the distribution zone of I. polycarpa. The results indicated that there were significant differences in age, growth and yield traits of I. polycarpa from different population, especially in yield. There were rich variations in fifteen phenotypic traits including leaf length. These variation appeared among and within populations, and with similar contribution rate (31.99% and 30.82%). The variation of fruit traits were much more obvious in phenotypes, and the variation coefficients such as number of fruits per grain, which were closely related to yield, were up to 38%. The rich genetic variation of I. polycarpa provides many advantages for the development and utilization of germplasm resources, selecting and breeding.
Relationship between Tree Composition and Light Utilization of Camellia oleifera
DUAN Wei-hua, YUAN De-yi, GAO Chao, GONG Chun, LEI Xiao-lin, LIAO Ting
2013, 26(1): 118-122.
Abstract:
In order to explore the suitable tree composition in the cultivation management, 11-year-old Camellia oleifera trees were used as the test material, the relative light intensity and net photosynthetic rate in different canopy position of C. oleifera were studied by training and pruning. The results showed that the relative light intensity at the external middle layer of C. oleifera of open center shape, natural roundhead shape and CK were 44.33%, 28.72% and 25.81% respectively; the relative light intensity at the internal middle layer of C. oleifera of open center shape, natural roundhead shape and CK were 14.70%, 7.13% and 1.21% respectively. The peak of net photosynthetic rates in different layers and positions of open center shaped C. oleifera were higher than that of the natural roundhead shape. Compared with natural roundhead shaped C. oleifera, the peak of net photosynthetic rate of the external and internal upper layers were 2.47 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 0.43 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher, that of the external and internal middle layers were 1.10 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 0.18 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher, that of the external and internal lower layers were 0.32 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1.44 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher respectively. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the both shapes were higher than that of the CK. Considering the photosynthetic efficiency, training and pruning C. oleifera to be open center shape had a better effect.
Comparative Studies on the Growth of Different Poplar Clones on Beach Land of Yangtse River
TANG Luo-zhong, WU Lin, GE Xiao-min, TIAN Ye, DUN Xing-jian, LIU Dong, FANG Sheng-zuo
2013, 26(1): 123-128.
Abstract:
In order to select the poplar clones suitable to be planted on the beach land of Yangtse River, twenty clones of poplar were cultivated on the beach land in Ma’anshan City, Anhui province, China. The growth, survival rate and lodging situation of each clone were measured three years after planting, and their comprehensive performances were evaluated by improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that the growth (including diameter at breast height, height and volume), survival rate, height under the branches and tilt angle were significantly different among these four-year-old poplar clones. The integrated evaluation showed that the comprehensive qualities of poplar clones were significantly different. The integrated values of poplar clone 895, clone 324 and clone 1388 were higher, and the integrated values of clones 447, clone 136 and clone 316 were lower than the others. This indicated that the performances of four-year-old clone 895, clone 324 and clone 1388 were better than that of the other clones, and the three poplar clones could be selected to plant on the beach land of Yangtse River.
Analysis on Composition and Content of Sterols in Three Color Types of Maca, Lepidium meyenii
GAN Jin, FENG Ying, ZHANG Hong, HE Zhao, ZHENG Hua, LI Xian
2013, 26(1): 129-132.
Abstract:
The composition and content of sterols in three color types of maca (Lepidium meyenii) cultivated in Yunnan were analyzed by GC-MS. The result showed that all the three types of maca contained β-sitosterol and campesterol. The content of β-sitosterol was higher than that of campesterol. The total sterol content in white, purple and yellow samples were 36.60, 32.38, 27.97 mg·(100 g-1), respectively. Among them, the total sterol content in white sample was the highest. The differences in contents were significant among the three types of sample (P<0.01). The composition was consistent with that of sample cultivated in Peru, and the total content of sterol was also very similar.