• 中国中文核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)核心库来源期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊(CJCR)
  • 第二届国家期刊奖提名奖

2013 Vol. 26, No. 4

Display Method:
Study on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Culms of Cold Resistance Sympodial Bamboo,Bambusa textilis var. fasca
ZHANG Wei, LIN Zhen-qing, YANG Qian-yu, CHEN Zhe-yong, XIE Jin-zhong
2013, 26(4): 393-398.
Abstract:
The physical and chemical characteristics of culms of Bambusa textilis var. fasca were measured, and a comparative analysis with Phyllostachys edulis, B. textilis and Dendrocalamopsis oldhami were made. The results showed that the average basic density, air-dried density and oven-dried density of B. textilis var. fasca among different ages changed in the ranges of 0.523~0.632 g·cm-3, 0.656~0.801 g·cm-3 and 0.658~0.777 g·cm-3 respectively. The density of B. textilis var. fasca increased with age. The basic density of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years was lower than that of reference P. edulis and B. textilis, but higher than that of D. oldhami. The average air-dried volume and oven-dried volume shrinkage ratio of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years were 9.6% and 13.6% respectively, which were higher than that of P. edulis. The radial shrinkage of B. textilis var. fasca was greater than tangential shrinkage and portrait shrinkage. The average ash content of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years was less than that of D. oldhami and B. textilis, but the average lignin content of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years was similar to that of B. textilis and less than that of D. oldhami. The holocellulose content of B. textilis var. fasca was more than 80%. The average content of pentosan, hot water extracts and 1%NaOH extracts of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years were also greater than that of D. oldhami and B. textilis. But the average content of benzene-alcohol extracts of B. textilis var. fasca with the age over 3 years was less than that of D. oldhami and B. textilis. Therefore it is suitable for B. textilis var. fasca to be used for pulpwood.
Geographic Variation of Morphological Characters among Cultivated Neem (Azadirachta indica) Populations in Yunnan, China
PENG Xing-min, WU Jiang-chong, ZHENG Yi-xing, ZHANG Yan-ping
2013, 26(4): 399-405.
Abstract:
By means of morphological markers with completely random design and nest design, the geographic variation pattern of the morphological characters of neem (Azadirachta indica) was revealed. Sampled at level of 90 individuals, 9 populations, 14 phenotypes along gradients of latitude and altitude, and analyzed by multivariate statistics, the results are as follows: The variations existed both among populations and within population. The nutrient characters were positively correlated to the annual mean temperature (21.7-24.8℃), and negatively correlated to altitude (197.0-1 277.0 m) and latitude (23°06' N-25°48' N), with space distribution along latitude; The reproductive characters were positively correlated to the annual mean temperature, annual rainfall (197.0-1 277.0 m) and longitude (101°51'-103°11' E), and negatively correlated to altitude and latitude, with space distribution along latitude and longitude. Euclid’s genetic distance between populations ranged from 2.44 to 8.16. Mantel test showed that the genetic distance among populations was not significantly correlated to the geographic distance (R=0.282 09, P=0.946 3), difference of temperature (R=0.456 66, P=0.999 3) and difference of annual rainfall (R=0.233 26, P=0.924 3), but was negatively correlate to difference of altitude (R=-0.417 03, P=0.003 2), suggesting that the altitude (with heterogeneous environment) might affect the genetic differentiation of populations.
Response of Wetlands in Typical Area of the Yangtze River Source Region to Regional Climate Change
LIU Hua, JU Hong-bo, ZOU Wen-tao, ZHAO Feng
2013, 26(4): 406-413.
Abstract:
Landsat images of four periods (1977, 1990, 1997 and 2007) were used to extract the information of wetlands in the typical area of the Yangtze River source region. The dynamic changes of wetlands and its driving factors during 1977-2007 were analyzed. Meteorological data of 1971-2007 were used to analyze the climate change trends and characteristics of study area, and analyze the relevance of wetland change and climatic factors. The results indicated that, during 1977-2007, the total area of wetlands reduced by 37%. The quality of wetlands degenerated obviously, mainly in marsh and flood land transforming to grassland, bare land and sand land. The regional climate has been tending to warming and drying in recent 40 years and the temperature is the most important factor affecting the changes of wetlands in the study area.
Sequence Analysis and Chilling Resistance about a New CBF-like Transcription Factor Fragment from Jacaranda acutifolia
ZHOU Jing, ZHANG Wei, LI Da-ming, ZHANG Xi-jiu, CHEN Qi-bing
2013, 26(4): 414-419.
Abstract:
CBFs (CRT/DRE-binding factor) are key transcription factors regulating the chilling response in plants. A 457 bp CBF-like fragment was cloned from Jacaranda acutifolia. Sequence analysis showed that the fragment (named as JaCBF1) encoded a protein of 142 amino acids, and was highly homologous to many known CBF1-like transcription factors with the AP2 core domain that belongs to CBF gene family. The recombinant plasmid containing JaCBF1 sequence was introduced into Escherichia coli. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that JaCBF1 was translated into a 16 KDa protein. Expression pattern analysis indicated that JaCBF1 could be induced with different patterns and degrees by low temperature in roots, stems, and leaves of J. acutifolia. Southern blot revealed that the J. acutifolia genome contained at least two copies of JaCBF1. Ectopic transcription in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that JaCBF1 functioned in the nuclei, and its expression could significantly improve the freezing resistance of transgenic A. thaliana. The results of study suggest that the novel JaCBF1 is a typical CBF-like transcription factor, and plays an important role responding to cold stress in J.acutifolia.
Spatial Simulation of the Adaptability of Monochamus alternatus Hope in Yunnan Province
YE Jiang-xia, ZHOU Ru-liang, WU Ming-shan, LIU Zhi-jun, SHI Lei
2013, 26(4): 420-425.
Abstract:
Monochamus alternatus Hope is the main intermediary insect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. According to the main ecological factors of average temperature and above 10.8℃ accumulated temperature, the spatial distribution of M. alternatus was modeled in order to prevent the occurrence of B. xylophilus. A method was proposed to simulate annual average temperature and above 10.8℃ accumulated temperature by using statistical data from conventional weather stations in Yunnan province and environment variable factors based on GIS spatial analysis and modeling. The result was presented in 90 m×90 m spatial resolution to realize the computation, spatial pattern simulation and visualization of the adaptability of M. alternatus. The results shows that there are wide region suitable for M. alternatus besides the snow mountain in north Yunnan with no suitability, and high mountains in northwest and northeast Yunnan with low suitability. Moreover, the results are definitely related to ecological location. Since the results are presented in a quantitative, refine and visual way, so it is easy to obtain the adaptability of M. alternatus in grid cell, which can provide data for warning, risking assessment, and decision-making in disease prevention.
Clonal Structure and Clonal Diversity of Populus alba along the Erqis River
ZHENG Shu-xing, ZHANG Jian-guo, DUAN Ai-guo, HE Cai-yun, BAO Er-jiang, WANG Jian
2013, 26(4): 426-432.
Abstract:
The populations of Populus alba present a independently distributing pattern of male or female patch. To realize the form reason and distributing mode, we selected 12 microsatellite primers to study the clonal structure and clonal diversity of Populus alba base on two sampling strategy. The result showed that: (1) all swatches in a single distributing patch of male or female were a identical clone, the single patch had only one genet; (2) we differentiated 53 genotypes(genet) among the 90 plants sampled of all patches. The populations of Populus alba had an abundant clonal diversity and the mean Simpson’s index was 0.983, and mean PD was 0.589. The progeny of Populus alba was reproduced by root clone. The high clonal diversity might be maintained if the populations were initially founded by multiple genets that differed genetically and the existent frond was the progeny of clonal genets.
Variation of Seed Morphology and Germination Within and Among Species of Banksia
DU Peng-zhen, SUN Bing, CHEN Yong, LIAO Shao-bo
2013, 26(4): 433-437.
Abstract:
The seed morphology, seed mass and germination of 18 provenances of five Banksia species introduced from Australia were studied. The results showed that there were distinct differences in seed morphology, seed mass and germination among Banksia species. The thousand-seed-weight of B. aemula reached the maximum of 106.541 g, which was approximately three to eight times heavier than that of the other species. No significant correlation was found between seed mass and germination rate. The germination rate of all Banksia species exceeded 60%, except B. coccinea which did not germinate during the experiment. The germination rate of B. robur was the highest, reaching about 80%. The germination speed of B. oblongifolia and B. robur was the fastest, whereas B. aemula was the slowest. The germination initiation, germination speed, germination rate, the length of hypocotyls and radicles were remarkably positively correlated with longitude, inferring that Banksia species introduced from west Australia germinated later and more slowly with the higher germination rate and faster growth of hypocotyls and radicles compared with that introduced from east Australia.
Study on Nut Characteristics Variation and Superior Tree Selection of Carya illinoensis
LI Yong-rong, LI Xiao-chu, WU Wen-long, ZHAI Min, GUO Zhong-ren
2013, 26(4): 438-446.
Abstract:
In this study, the nut characteristics of sixty-six Carya illinoensis seedlings introduced to Nanjing in the 1950s were investigated. All traits of these varieties, including the fruit weight, kernel rate, oil yield, fruit shape index, nutshell thickness, fruits' transect diameter, fruit width and fruit longitude diameter, showed significant differences and great potential of genetic improvement. There was no relationship among the fruit shape index, fruit weight, kernel rate, oil yield and nutshell thickness of the sixty-six C. illinoensis seedlings. The pecan can be classified and selected based on the fruit index. According to the fruit index classification by standard deviation, four excellent individuals were selected from eleven big fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. The fruit index and fruit weight of four excellent individual increased by 11.90%-17.26% and 2.81%-21.84% compared with the control group, the nutshell thickness decreased by 1.96%-13.73% except one, the fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-24.33%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Compared with Jiangsu’s native good variety Zhongshan 25, the fruit index increased by 39.26%-45.93%, the fruit weight increased by 7.39%-17.80%(Ⅵ westig is similar with control group), the kernel rate increased by 8.56%-15.44%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 0.97%-14.56%, the average fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-24.33%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Nine excellent individuals were selected from forty-four middle fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. Generally, their fruit weight and oil yield increased by 12.95%-25.43%, 2.51%-7.68% compared with that of the control group, the nutshell thickness decreased by 4.90%-14.71%, the kernel rate increased by 1.56%-6.35%, the average fruit kernel increased by 8.01%-26.71%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-31.14%. Compared with Zhongshan 25, the fruit weight increased by 12.36%-24.72%, the fruit index increased by 11.85%-37.77%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 5.83%-15.53%, the kernel rate increased by 4.17%-14.36%, while the oil content remained the similar. The average fruit kernel increased by 10.98%-30.18%, and the oil content increased by 15.35%-33.77%. Three excellent individual were selected from eleven small fruit index groups by general coordinate evaluation method. The oil yield was similar or slightly higher compared with the control group, the fruit weight and kernel rate increased by 17.32%-24.96% and 1.10%-29.30% (except some individuals), the fruit index decreased by 11.33%-17.86%, the average fruit kernel increased by 10.68%-26.11%, and the oil content increased by 6.14%-33.33%. Compared with Zhongshan 25, the fruit index increased by 2.22%-10.37%, the nutshell thickness decreased by 0.97%-6.80%, the fruit weight increased by 13.42%-20.81%, the kernel rate increased by 5.14%-37.33%, and the oil content and average fruit kernel increased by 13.72%-29.57% and 6.14%-33.33%. The selected excellent individuals can be used in the grafting propagation, clone test and variety breeding.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of 1-Hydroxy-2-Methyl-2-E-Butenyl-4-Diphosphate Reductase Gene cDNA from Eucommia ulmoides
LIU Pan-feng, DU Hong-yan, WUYUN Ta-na, DU Lan-ying, SUN Zhi-qiang
2013, 26(4): 447-453.
Abstract:
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase (HDR) synthesizes IPP and DMAPP in the last step of the plant 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. Homologous HDR gene cDNA was isolated from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides by the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, and named as EuHDR. With the highest gene sequence similarity to Camptotheca acuminata (82%), the full-length cDNA of EuHDR was 1 653 bp including 5’non-coding region of 82 bp and 3’non-coding region of 188 bp and encoded 460 amino acids. The transit peptide sequence (A1-A33) and multiple conserved functional sites(A117, A208, A262, A345)of plant HDR protein were found in the deduced coding sequence of EuHDR. The secondary structure of EuHDR protein was predicted with proportion of α-helix to 35.65%,β-sheet to 19.78% and loop/coil to 44.57%. The calculated protein tertiary structure of EuHDR was formed as monomer, which in space displayed asymmetrical shamrock-like shape. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the evolutionary relationship of EuHDR protein was the closest to Vitis vinifera HDR protein.
Factors Affecting Induction of Embryogenic Callus of Larix principis-rupprechtii
HAN Deng-yuan, LI Dan, ZHAO Jian, LI Hui, ZHANG Jin-feng
2013, 26(4): 454-458.
Abstract:
Taking mature zygotic embryos of Larix principis-rupprechtii as explants to induce embryogenic callus. Several factors influencing the induction were assayed by using completely random design, orthogonal design together with tissue culture technology in order to explore embryogenic callus induction in the early stage in larch and optimize its somatic embryogenesis system. The results show that the best way of disinfection during the induction of embryogenic callus is peeling, removing endosperm after disinfection of 30 minutes with 2% NaClO. The contamination rate and disinfection time are negatively correlated: the longer the sterilization time, the lower the contamination rate. The optimal agar concentration of embryogenic callus induction is 4 g·L-1, and the higher or lower of the agar concentration will not only reduce the induction rate, increase the level of callus browning, but also affect the development of explants. The results of orthogonal design for plant growth exogenous hormone show that the 2,4-D is the key factor and has a significant influence, followed is KT and 6-BA. The best combination of plant growth exogenous hormone is 2,4-D 1.8 mg·L-1 + 6-BA 0.3 mg·L-1 + KT 0.3 mg·L-1.
Effects of Harvesting on Soil Organic Carbon Storage of Boreal Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii Wetlands in Daxing'anling
LU Hui-cui, MU Chang-cheng, WANG Biao, BAO Xu, CUI Wei
2013, 26(4): 459-466.
Abstract:
This paper compared the changes of soil bulk density, soil organic carbon concentration and soil organic carbon storage five years after harvesting with different intensities, i.e. unharvesting (the control), low-intensity selective cutting (25%), moderate-intensity selective cutting (35%) and heavy-intensity selective cutting (50%) and revealed the influence of harvesting intensity on soil organic carbon storage of Larix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii wetlands in Daxing'anling. The key results are as follows: (1) the soil bulk density did not differ significantly at the low-intensity selective cutting sites (0.22±0.06~1.17±0.22 g·cm-3), and increased significantly at the moderate-intensity selective cutting (0.55±0.23~1.58±0.07 g·cm-3) and heavy-intensity selective cutting (0.49±0.24~1.47±0.08 g·cm-3) sites, compared with that at control (0.31±0.09~1.18±0.13 g·cm-3) sites (28.0%~137.0% or 19.7%~98.1%) (P-1) led to a significant increase of soil organic carbon concentration (53.8% 126.7%) in the surface and deep layer, however, the moderate-intensity selective cutting (1.52±1.32~62.70±54.33 g·kg-1) and heavy-intensity selective cutting (7.91±5.59~102.59±67.49 g·kg-1) significantly reduced the soil organic carbon concentration in each layer (62.0%~89.0%) or the middle-upper part layer (37.8%~85.0%) (P-2) resulted in a significant increase of soil organic carbon storage (90.7%~128.8%) in the deep layers, while moderate-intensity selective cutting (0.25±0.12~4.65±3.52 kg·m-2) and heavy-intensity selective cutting (1.14±0.79~4.42±1.64 kg·m-2) declined significantly the soil organic carbon storage in the lower-middle part (76.4%~83.0%) or the middle part layer (56.8%) (P-2) or a significant decrease by 48.5% and 30.1% at the moderate-intensity selective cutting (9.01±5.90 kg·m-2) and heavy-intensity selective cutting (12.22±4.25 kg·m-2) sites, respectively, compared with the unharvested stand (17.49±3.71 kg·m-2) (PLarix gmelinii-Carex schmidtii wetlands from the carbon sequestration point of view.
Application of Structure-based Forest Management in Broadleaved Korean Pine Mixed Forest
ZHAO Zhong-hua, HUI Gang-ying, HU Yan-bo, LI Yuan-fa, LI Yu-hao
2013, 26(4): 467-472.
Abstract:
The basic theory and technology of the structure-based forest management is introduced and as a example, the application of the structure-based management in broadleaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) stand is described, including data surveying, stand state characteristics analysis, management design and management evaluation. The analysis results by the structure-based forest management method show that the managed stands of broadleaved Korean pine forest is secondary forest; the management type is tending thinning and management urgency is urgent; the management direction is to improve forest health and climax species advantage extent. During this management operation, the climax species competitive potential was adjusted and 122 unhealthy trees were removed. The management evaluation results show that the management intensity is mild interference, the dominance of climax species and main associated species increased significantly, such as Pinus koraiensis, Abies holophylla, Phellodendron amurense, Tilia amurensis, Juglans mandshurica. The proportion of healthy trees in stand significantly increased so that the target of optimizing forest stand is achieved.
cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis of CjAPL1 Gene from Camellia japonica
SUN Ying-kun, LI Ji-yuan, YIN Heng-fu, FAN Zheng-qi, ZHOU Xing-wen
2013, 26(4): 473-479.
Abstract:
In order to study the role of A-class genes in the process of forming plena flower for Camellia japonica, a full-length cDNA sequence of APETALA1 (AP1) gene was cloned from early flower bud of C. japonica ‘Jinpan Lizhi’ using RT-PCR and RACE,named CjAPL1 (GenBank accession # JX657332). The results of nucleotide sequence analysis show that the length of CjAPL1 is 1 149 bp, containing an Opening Reading Frame (ORF) of 741 bp, a 5'-Untranslated Region (5'-UTR) of 206 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 202 bp. The CjAPL1 gene encodes a protein of 246 amino acids, and has more than 75% homology with A-class genes from Actinidia chinensis and Hydrangea macrophylla. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis shows that the gene expression pattern is that in early flower bud of III stage> early flower bud of II stage > early flower bud of I stage > squaring stage, and the tendency shows increasing slowly at the early stage and then decreasing sharply. In different floral organs, the highest expression was observed in style, next in ovary and sepals, and the lowest in bottom stamens and upper outer flowers. The difference of gene expression pattern indicates that CjAPL1 may play a role in the morphogenesis of pleiopetalous flower of Camellia.
Heterologous Transformation and Expression of Hericium erinaceum Manganese Peroxidase 1 Gene in Aspergillus nidulans
YIN Li-wei, CHI Yu-jie
2013, 26(4): 480-487.
Abstract:
The recombinant plasmid pLB01/He-mnp1 which contains a gene encoding for manganese peroxidase (He-mnp1) from Hericium erinaceum CB1 was transformated into protoplasts of auxotrophic stain TN02A7 of Aspergillus nidulans by means of protoplast transformation method mediated by PEG/CaCl2 so as to enhance MnP production. A transformant stain TN02A7-He-mnp1 of A. nidulans was gained, the gene He-mnp1 was expressed under the control of alcohol dehydrogenase alcA(p) promoter. The transformant stain TN02A7-He-mnp1, auxotrophic stain TN02A7, wild stain of A. nidulans WJA01, and H. erinaceum CB1 were cultured under the same lignin condition and detected the MnP activity. The results showed that TN02A7-He-mnp1 could produce MnP activity in the absence and presence of heme, but the MnP activity was up to 38.31 U·L-1 on 96h with 0.05 g·L-1 heme which was 8.64 times higher than that without heme but less than that of H. erinaceum CB1, whereas TN02A7 and WJA01 could not produce MnP activity at any time, indicating that the gene He-mnp1 had been successfully transformed into TN02A7-He-mnp1 and expressed in lignin environment, and the heme was one of the restrictive factors for rescombinant mnp gene to express in A. nidulans. The study provides a new method to produce MnP and enhance MnP yield.
EAG and Behavioral Responses of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) to Several Volatile Compounds
LIU Hang, CHI De-fu, CHEN Hai-yi, YU Jia, LI Xiao-can
2013, 26(4): 488-493.
Abstract:
To develop an alternative method for monitoring and controlling Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky), fourteen plant volatiles on the adult pest were screened by three methods of electrophysiological and behavioral tests. M. hieroglyphica exhibited very strong EAG responses (P2 times or 103 times and to 1 mol·L-1 geraniol. In olfactometer tests, the peppermint essential oil (diluted 102 times) exhibited the best repellent effect to the M. hieroglyphica (Motschulsky), and the repelling rate was (74±5.47)%; the geraniol (1 mol·L-1) exhibited the best lure effect to M. hieroglyphica (Motschulsky), and the luring rate was (70±10.00)%. In wind tunnel behavior tropism research, the peppermint essential oil diluted 102 times exhibited the best repellent effect to M. hieroglyphica (Motschulsky), and the repelling rate was up to (72±8.37)%; 1 mol·L-1 geraniol exhibited the best lure effect to M. hieroglyphica (Motschulsky), and the luring rate was up to (66±8.94)%.
Preparation of the Polyclonal Antibody Against pPaWBNy-2-ORF4 of Paulownia Witches’-broom Phytoplasma and Its Expression Analysis
GENG Xian-sheng, TIAN Guo-zhong, REN Zheng-guang, SONG Chuan-sheng, LIN Cai-li
2013, 26(4): 494-500.
Abstract:
The pPaWBNy-2-ORF4 was amplified from genome DNA extracted from infected paulownia plantlets by PCR. The amplified DNA fragments were inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-4T-3. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-p2ORF4 was transformed into the Escherichia coli Rosseta (DE3) strain. The 38 kDa GST-tagged p2ORF4 fusion protein was expressed efficiently in E. coli Rosseta (DE3) induced by IPTG. The fusion protein was purified and injected into a rabbit to raise antiserum. The titer of the antiserum was 1:4 096 determined by indirect ELISA. Western blot analysis showed that the obtained polyclonal antibody could react with GST-tagged p2ORF4 protein but had no reaction with pPaWBNy-1-ORF5 protein expressed in E. coli. Western blot analysis also revealed a specific18 kDa protein band in Halyomorpha halys (Stål) exposure to PaWB-infected paulownia, but not in non-infected H. halys and PaWB-infected paulownia. It was inferred that pPaWBNy-2-ORF4 might be involved in the transmission of H. halys.
Study on the Growth of One-year-old Litsea cubeba Seedlings in Mountainous Area of Guizhou Province
CUI Yong-zhong, LIAO Sheng-xi, CUI Kai, LIU Fang-yan, Wang Yang-dong, CHEN Yi-cun
2013, 26(4): 501-505.
Abstract:
The annual growth rhythm of Litsea cubeba seedling was studied. The average thousand-grain weight of L. cubeba was 35 g, and the germination rate was higher than 70%. The results of cluster analysis showed that, the growth period could be divided into 4 stages, i.e. the stage of seedling emergence (from March 2 to March 17), the initial stage of growth (from March 18 to May 31), the vigorous growth stage (from June 11 to August 29) and the late growth stage (from August 30 to December 27). The height and diameter of one-year-old seedling were fit with logistic curve law, and the growth process followed a "slow-fast-slow" curve. The equation of average daily growth showed that the fastest growth appeared in July which had the highest monthly average temperature. This conclusion provided a reference for the seedling stage management of L. cubeba forest. The authors recommend vigorously developing L. cubeba forest in the mountainous area of Guizhou Province, and providing scientific and technological support to the forest tenure reform.
Optimization of Genomic-SSR Reaction System in Liriodendron
JIA Bo, XU Hai-bin, XU Yang, LONG Xiao-fei, CHEN Jin-hui, SHI Ji-sen
2013, 26(4): 506-510.
Abstract:
The optimization of the Genomic-SSR reaction system is a basic protocol when the Genomic-SSR is used for genetic analysis in Liriodendron. The concentrations of Mg2+, dNTP, Primer and rTaq were tested by L9(34) orthogonal experiment and single factor gradient experiment to gain the optimal reaction system. The results indicated that the optimal reaction system should contain 75 ng of genomic DNA, 1 μL of 10×buffer, 0.4 μL of 10 mmol·L-1 dNTP, 0.75 μL of 2.5 mmol·L-1 MgCl2, 0.25μL of 10 μmol·L-1 Primer, 0.05 μL of 5 U rTaq and final volume of 10μL. Repeated trials and two verification tests showed that this optimal reaction system was stable, reliable, efficient and suitable for the applications of Genomic-SSR in Liriodendron population genetics and quantitative genetics research.
Growth and Health Status of Ginkgo biloba in Beijing Urban Street Area
QIE Guang-fa, PENG Zhen-hua, WANG Cheng
2013, 26(4): 511-515.
Abstract:
The planting site, size, and health condition of street tree Ginkgo biloba in Beijing urban area were investigated and the influence factors were analyzed based on filed survey. The results showed that G. biloba were mainly planted in tree pit within strip planting median. The average height, diameter at breast height and canopy diameter were 8.11 m, 13.22 cm and 4.07 m, respectively, 82.9% trees were less than 10 m in height, and most G. biloba trees were still in the initial stage of height and diameter increment. The tree health status was described with three classes: class I (healthy), class II (fair) and class III (unhealthy). The percentage of class I, II and III for G. biloba trees in Beijing urban area accounted for 16.0%, 37.2% and 42.9% respectively. The results of analysis showed that the health status of G. biloba was associated with the site condition, tree size and management practices. The trees planted in urban forest patch grew better than the trees planted in green belts and tree pits; meanwhile, the bigger trees were healthier than the smaller ones. In addition, the effects of urban heterogeneous environment and human activities on the health of Ginkgo biloba were analyzed and the suggestions on management were launched.
Study on Rooting Culture and Rooting Anatomy of Tree Peony ‘Wulong Pengsheng’ Regenerated Shoots
JIA Wen-qing, XU Xiao-bo, LIU Hui-chao, LI Ji-yuan
2013, 26(4): 516-520.
Abstract:
The tissue-cultured seedlings of tree peony ‘Wulong Pengsheng’ were used to study the effects of different plant growth regulators, culture methods, and holdfast on rooting. The morphological structure change during rooting was also observed using the method of paraffin section. The result showed that the best combination of plant growth regulators for rooting was IBA 3.0 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.6 mg·L-1. The treatment under the temperature of 4℃ for ten days was benefit to rooting, and the rate could reach 75.67%. It was identified that the adventitious root primordia of shoot in vitro originated from the vascular cambium cells, especially, the cross areas of cambium and pith ray and they started to differentiate at the 5th day and lasted to the 12th day. If the shoots were cultured in the root inducing medium for 12 days, it would lead to not only descend of rooting rate, but also showing callus of stem base, and leaf senescent. However, if they were transferred into the medium without hormone in time, the root primordial protruded the epidermis and developed normally after 5 days’ culture.
Effect of Training System on Fruit Yield of Different Olive Cultivars
LI Na, DAI Qian-li, QI Hai-hong, WANG Hai-dong, LI Jin-hua
2013, 26(4): 521-527.
Abstract:
Longnan City in Gansu Province is the largest base of olive production in China. In the olive orchard locating in Wudu District of Longnan City, thirty trees were sampled each of three cultivars, ‘Leccino’, ‘Chenggu32’, ‘Ezhi8’, with monoconical and vase training system. After planted with density of 5×6 m in 1992, each sample tree was investigated to determine the yield fresh fruit in five different years. The results of survey and analysis showed that there were significant differences of fruit yield among 5 years and 3 cultivars. Different canopy shapes yielded some effect on fruit setting rate and yield of different cultivars in different years. During first fruiting period in the fourth/sixth year after planting, fruit setting rate and yield of ‘Leccino’ with monocone were more 6.7% and 0.15 kg than those with vase and those of ‘Ezhi8’ and ‘Chenggu32’ with vase were more 20%, 10% and 0.18 kg, 0.09 kg than those with monocone. With the increase of tree age, fruit set and yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase was more than those of monocone. In 2011, average yields per tree of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase were more 13.35 kg and 6.85 kg than those with monocone. And the highest yield per tree of ‘Leccino’ with vase was 75 kg, more 16 kg than that of monocone. Fruit trees with yield over 35 kg of ‘Leccino’ and 25 kg of ‘Ezhi8’ with vase accounted for 80% and 46.7%, more 40% and 30.01% than those of monocone. It was concluded that vase training system would produce higher yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ and its effect and advantages were gradually prominent with increase age. As for ‘Chenggu32’, monocone got a slightly higher yield than that of vase and in 2011 fruit trees with yield over 15 kg accounted for 25%, more 8.34% than vase. The difference between two training system of this cultivar was not obvious.
Variation in Phenotype Characters and Starch Content of Quercus mongolica Fisch Seed from Different Provenances
LI Yue-qiao, LI Ying-chao, WU Zhi-zhuang
2013, 26(4): 528-532.
Abstract:
The study aims at compare and analyze the variation pattern of the phenotype characters and starch content of Quercus mongolica seed of different provenances. The length, width, length/width ratio, single kernel weight of Q. mongolica seeds from 16 natural distribution regions in China were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there were extremely significant differences among seeds from different region in seed characters. The length and width of seeds ranged from 14.76 mm to 21.08 mm and from 11.87 mm to 15.31 mm, respectively. The length/width ratio of seeds ranged from 1.21 to 1.49. The single kernel weight ranged from 0.60 g to 1.78 g and the contents of starch ranged from 4.42 g·kg-1 to 5.48 g·kg-1. The length of seeds has a extremely significant positive correlation with the width and weight of seed, and the width of seed had a significant positive correlation with the weight of seed. The seed width has a significant positive correlation with contents of starch. The width of seeds had a significant negative correlation with altitude, and had a positive correlation with July’s mean temperature. The weight of seed had a significant positive correlation with July's mean temperature too. The correlation of the other phenotypic character and starch content of Q. mongolica seed to geographical climate factors was not significant. According to the results of cluster analysis, sixteen Q. mongolica provenances could be divided into three groups with big fruit and high starch content, middle fruit and starch content, small fruit and low starch content, in which the provenances from Dailing of Heilongjiang Province, Benxi of Liaoning Province and Dayangshu of Inner Mongolia were the superior provenances.