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2024,
37(2):
1-2.
Abstract:
2024,
37(2):
1-8.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230338
Abstract:
Objective To explore the key genes of regulating nervonic acid biosynthesis in Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds. Method This study analyzed the expression pattern of the 3-ketoesteryl-CoA synthase (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase, KCS) gene family in seeds at different developmental periods according to the combined transcriptome of the reference genome. Gene XsKCS7 was cloned by RT-PCR, and was analyzed by Bioinformatics analysis of XsKCS7 protein. And the XsKCS7 gene was transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify the gene function. Result The expression level of XsKCS7 gene in seeds of X. sorbifolium was much higher than other KCS genes. The open reading frame of XsKCS7 was 1,512 bp, encoding 503 amino acids, havd three typical conserved domains of KCS family "GMGCSA", "FGNTSSSS" and "GSGFKCNSAVW", and a close relationship with the homologous gene of Hevea brasiliensis,at 67.62%. XsKCS7 heterologous transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulated the synthesis of erucic acid and nervonic acid. Conclusion : XsKCS7 gene is a key gene that regulates the synthesis of erucic acid and nervonic acid in seeds of X. sorbifolium.
2024,
37(2):
9-15.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230244
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the regulatory mechanism of PagKNAT2/6a in poplar dendritic development and the functional conservation of PagKNAT2/6a and PagKNAT2/6b in xylem development. Methods Gene sequence alignment analysis was carried out by using related software; Gene expression pattern analysis was performed by experiments such as GUS staining and real-time quantitative (qRT-PCR) of transgenic plants, and then stem anatomy analysis was also performed; Finally, genes related to secondary wall synthesis (such as cellulose synthesis-related genes CESA4, CESA7A, CESA7B, etc.; Hemicellulose synthesis-related genes GUX1a, GUX1b, PARVUS; Expression analysis and regulatory mechanism of lignin synthesis-related genes COMT, CAD, LAC4, etc) were explored. Results The sequences of PagKNAT2/6a and PagKNAT2/6b were highly similar, and they were expressed in different tissues of ‘84K’, showing higher expression levels in poplar stems, stem tips and young leaves. Stem anatomy analysis of transgenic plants abnormally expressing PagKNAT2/6a showed that PagKNAT2/6a overexpression inhibited xylem development compared with wild type. At the same time, qRT-PCR analysis showed that PagKNAT2/6a gene related the expression of genes related to secondary wall synthesis and affected xylem development. Conclusion PagKNAT2/6a and PagKNAT2/6b both negatively regulate xylem development and have functional conservation.
2024,
37(2):
16-26.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230270
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the cis-acting element and activity of the tree peony anthocyanin biosynthetic key gene PsDFR promoter for further research on its function and regulation mechanism involved in tree peony flower coloration. Method The genomic DNA extracted from the petals of tree peony ‘Hei Hua Kui’ was used as a template. PsDFR promoter was isolated by genomic walking method. The cis-acting elements of promoter were analyzed and predicted through Bioinformatics online software. Five different length of deletion fragments were fused with GUS gene to construct promoter-reporter vectors, and then were transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. The activities of deletion promoters and their response to different stress treatments such as Abscisic acid (ABA), Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and light were analyzed by GUS staining and GUS activity assay. Result A 1 687 bp sequence of PsDFR promoter was isolated. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that the promoter contains multiple cis-acting elements associated with light signals, hormone response, stress response, and tissue-specific expression, indicating that the expression of PsDFR may be regulated by various signals such as light signaling, plant hormone and stress. GUS staining and quantitative analysis of GUS activity showed that GUS activities decreased gradually with decrease of the length of PsDFR promoters, and the region of -1 623 bp to -916 bp played an important role on the activity of the PsDFR promoter. The GUS activities were inhibited significantly by MeJA or dark treatment, and were induced obviously after light restoration. And core regulation region involved in ABA-response might be located between -443 and -76 bp. Conclusion PsDFR promoter contains multiple cis-acting elements associated with light signals, hormone response, stress response, and tissue-specific expression. Its activity is positively regulated by light and negatively regulated by MeJA. The region of -1 623 bp to -916 bp is important for the activity of the PsDFR promoter, and -443 and -76 bp is the core region in response to ABA treatment. This study provides a reference for further revealing the regulatory mechanism of PsDFR response to environmental signals involved in tree peony flower coloration.
2024,
37(2):
27-38.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230247
Abstract:
Objective Rising temperatures and precipitation have become challenges. In order to investigate the effects of climate change on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics in forests of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and to provide a basis for predicting changes in soil nutrient cycling in this area and enhancing forest productivity. Method The soil was sieved into large macroaggregates, coarse aggregate, small macroaggregates, and microaggregates (particle sizes: 8000-2000, 2000-1000, 1000-250, and <250 μm) in a mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana-Quercus variabilis. Differences in net N conversion of aggregates were observed at soil moisture of 40%, 60%, and 80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field (named 0.4 FCW, 0.6 FCW, and 0.8 FCW), and at temperatures of 5°C, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C using indoor incubation methods. Results The levels of soil organic matter (SOM), total N and microbial biomass carbon (C), and nitrogen were higher in small-size aggregates with larger specific surface areas, while available phosphorus (P) was significantly lower. The rates of net nitrification and net N mineralization of aggregates gradually increased with decreasing particle size, with net nitrification contributing more than 85% of net N mineralization. The rates of net nitrification and net N mineralization of aggregates first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil water moisture and temperature, and the maximum values appeared at 0.6 FCW and 25 ℃. The overall net ammonification, net nitrification, and net N mineralization rates of aggregates of different particle sizes were most sensitive to temperature increase at 0.60 FCW and 15°C/25°C. By developing a quadratic equation, the optimum soil moisture and temperature for the net ammonification rate were 0.70 FCW and 23.0°C, and the optimum soil moisture and temperature for the net nitrification and net nitrogen mineralization rates were 0.58 FCW - 0.60 FCW and 24.5°C - 27.5°C. Conclusion The physical structure of aggregates protects organic N from decomposition in the plantation in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Rising temperatures and precipitation promote net N transformation in the soils, which is conducive to improving the N supply capacity of the soil; However, there is a risk of soil organic matter, N loss, and P limitation over the long term, so that monitoring and fertilizer measures can be carried out if necessary.
2024,
37(2):
39-47.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230242
Abstract:
Objective Point density is a key factor affecting the cost and efficiency of data acquisition and pre-processing of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and it is helpful to explore the effects of point density on the estimation accuracy of UAV-LiDAR-based forest inventory attributes to optimize the technical schemes for UAV-LiDAR forest applications. Methods This study focused on the planted Masson pine and Eucalyptus forests. The original UAV-LiDAR point cloud with a density of 247 points∙m−2 was reduced by 40%, 20%, 8%, 4%, and 2% according to the percentage of the total point reduction algorithm to obtain six plot-level UAV-LiDAR datasets, including five sets of reduced point densities. Each dataset was pre-processed separately, including point cloud classification, ground point filtering, digital elevation model (DEM) generation, point cloud height normalization, and UAV-LiDAR-derived metric extractions. The same multiplicative power formula was used for estimating the same forest parameters (stand volume, basal area, mean height, and average diameter at breast height) for the same forest type, and each dataset was used to calibrate the model. Then, the differences in the goodness-of-fit statistics of the models were compared and analyzed based oncoefficient of determination (R2), relative root square error (rRMSE), mean prediction error (MPE), and the differences in the mean of the estimates and the UAV-LiDAR-derived metrics between the reduced point density datasets and the original point density dataset were statistically analyzed. Results The results indicated that the model accuracy remained essentially the same when the original point density was reduced to 100, 50,..., 5 points∙m−2, and there were no statistically significant differences (p≥0.05) in the estimates of forest inventory attributes between the reduced point density datasets and the original point density dataset. There were basically no statistically significant differences (p≥0.05) in UAV-LiDAR-derived metrics between the reduced point density datasets and the original point density dataset. Conclusion In the application of UAV lidar forest resource inventory and monitoring, the point cloud density can be as low as 5 points∙m−2. However, the results of this experiment still need to be verified by acquiring point cloud data at different densities at different flight altitudes.
2024,
37(2):
48-59.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230161
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effects of thinning and pruning with different intensities on the growth of Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis, the BP neural network model was developed to predict the growth of E. urophylla × E. grandis under thinning and pruning treatment, for providing theoretical guidance for efficient management technology of E. urophylla × E. grandis. Method Taking 20%, 40% and 60% thinning and 38.18%, 42.39% and 48.18% Based on the E. urophylla × E. grandis in the Southern National Forest Seedling Demonstration Base with treatments of 20%, 40% and 60% thinning and 38.18%, 42.39% and 48.18% pruning, the stand growth indexes were investigated for 7 years after treatment, and the effects of different thinning and pruning treatments on the growth increment of the stands were analyzed. Furthermore, BP neural network was used to predict the response of cumulative increment to thinning and pruning. Root-mean-square error, Kappa and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to compare the prediction effect of models, and the optimal model was determined. Results Thinning treatment promoted the growth of DBH, crown width and tree volume, but did not promote the growth of height and wood production. The increment of DBH and tree volume was the highest in the stands with 60% thinning intensity, the increment of crown width was the highest in the stands with 20% thinning intensity, and the increment of height was the highest in the control stands. Pruning promoted the growth of DBH, but did not promote the growth of height and wood production. DBH increase was the highest in the stands with 38.18% pruning intensity. The treatment with 60% thinning and 48.18% pruning was conducive to the growth of E. urophylla × E. grandis. Both thinning and pruning could promote the right-sided distribution of diameter class, but the effect of pruning was not significant. In summary, the BP neural network model with 4 nodes in the hidden layer had the lowest root-mean-square error and the highest Kappa value and r value. Conclusion Thinning and pruning can significantly promote the growth of E. urophylla × E. grandis and the right-sided distribution of diameter class. The combination of high-intensity thinning and pruning is more beneficial to the growth of E. urophylla × E. grandis plantation and the cultivation of large diameter wood. The reasonable BP neural network model can accurately predict the promotion effect of thinning and pruning on stand growth and is an excellent model for predicting stand growth.
2024,
37(2):
60-71.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230223
Abstract:
Objective The continuous global warming will be detrimental to the growth of Picea pungens. Studying the growth and photosynthetic response mechanism under high temperature stress would provide a reference for the introduction and cultivation of P. pungens. Methods Three temperatures were set at 45, 50 and 55 ℃, and treated for 6 hours using P. pungens seedlings. Among them, three different durations of 12,18 and 24 hours were also set under 45 ℃ treatment, and room temperature was used as a control. The growth phenotype, relative water content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. pungens seedlings after treatment, 7 and 28 days of recovery were studied, and the effects of high temperature and stress duration on the growth and photosynthesis of P. pungens were analyzed. Result The growth of P. pungens could basically be restored after 6 hours treatment at 45 ℃, while those treated at 50 and 55 ℃, their needles turned yellow, withers and falls, accompanied by the decrease of relative water content. The fluorescence parameters photochemical efficiency for photosystem I (Y(I)), relative electron transfer rate of photosystem I (ETR(I)), non-photochemical energy dissipation due to donor-side restriction (Y(ND)), non-photochemical energy dissipation due to receptor-side restriction (Y(NA)), photochemical efficiency for photosystem II (Y(II)), the relative electron transfer rate of photosystem II (ETR(II)), PSII maximum light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the maximum quantum yield of electron transport between PSII and PSI (φEO) were significantly lower than those treated and controlled at 45 ℃. Although the phenotypic change could not be seen after treatment at 45 ℃ for 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours, it was found that the needles continued to lose water and turn yellow at 12 hours and 18 hours during the recovery period, and the whole needles turned yellow after 24 hours treatment, basically dried up and fell off, and the relative water content of the needles was the lowest. When recovering for 28 days, φEo at 18 and 24 hours was almost 0. Conclusion P. pungens can withstand high temperature treatment at 45 ℃ for 6 h, but it is not resistant to high temperature of 50 ℃ and 55 ℃. The seedlings with a high temperature treatment time of 45 ℃ for more than 12 hours will suffer severe water loss and dry needles, which will have a significant impact on the photosynthetic characteristics and make it difficult to resume normal growth.
2024,
37(2):
72-80.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230193
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the seasonal variation characteristics of radial growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations with different densities and its responses to environmental factors for providing a scientific basis for accurate assessment and prediction of the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii at regional scales, and achieving sustainable management and multi-functional maintenance. Method In the small watershed of Xiangshui River in the south of Liupanshan, four sample plots of L. principis-rupprechtii with different densities were set up, and the intra-annual radial growth process of L. principis-rupprechtii was monitored using a manual band dendrometer, and meteorological factors, soil temperature and humidity were monitored simultaneously. Result The results indicated that: (1) in the growing season, the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii showed a "S" curve. The rapid increasing stage mainly occurred from early June to late June, DOY152‒210. (2) The average cumulative radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii decreased with the increase of stand density. In the plantations with densities of 544, 742, 999 and 1 020 N·hm−2, the average cumulative radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii was 1 070 ± 230, 775 ± 181, 518 ± 214 and 494 ± 124 μm, respectively. With the increase of stand density, the cumulative radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii showed a downward trend during the year, but its rapid increasing stage was shortened. (3) The results of mixed-effect model showed that the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii was mainly affected by soil moisture and average temperature, but stand density and growth period also had significant effects on radial growth during the year. The model including the variables of stand density, growth period, tree size and meteorological factors could explain 72.0% of the variance, but after excluding the factors of stand density and growth period, model with tree size and meteorological factors could only explain 46.4% of the variance. Conclusion More than two-thirds of the radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii occurrs the rapid growth period. The average cumulative radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii decreases with increasing density. Stand density, growth stage, tree size and meteorological factors jointly regulate the intra-annual radial growth of trees.
2024,
37(2):
81-89.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230186
Abstract:
Objective To compare the similarities and differences between the morphology and biology of two insects of the Ceracris, Ceracris kiangsu Tsai and Ceracris nigricornis Walker. Method The adults of two kinds of Ceracris collected from the same geographical area were reared in a greenhouse, and their morphological characteristics: body length, antennae, hind femur, head width, external genitalia, etc., and living habits: activity rules, mating habits. The feeding habits of host plants were observed, recorded and statistically analyzed. Result The results showed that the body length of the female adult C. kiangsu was 36.55 ± 1.42 mm, the antennae was 23.46 ± 1.29 mm, the hind femur was 21.68 ± 0.28 mm, and the head width was 5.33 ± 0.2 mm; the body length of the male adults was 31.35 ± 0.75 mm, the antennae was 23.22 ± 0.9 mm, the hind femur was 17.86 ± 0.23 mm,and the head width was 4.08 ± 0.19 mm. The body length of the female adult of C. nigricornis was34.63 ± 0.44 mm, the antennae was 18.34 ± 0.56 mm, the hind femur was 18.67 ± 1.62 mm, and the head width was 4.61 ± 0.18 mm; the body length of the male adult was 26.82 ± 2.77 mm, the antennae was 17.75 ± 1.58 mm, the hind femur was 16.09 ± 0.47 mm, the head width was 3.5 ± 0.29 mm. There were significant differences in body length between male and female adults of the same species of Ceracris insects. There were significant differences in body length, antennae, hind femur, and head width between the two types of Ceracris insects. The peak mating period of the C. kiangsu was 14-17 o'clock, and the peak mating period of the C. nigricornis was 9-12 o'clock. Two kinds of Ceracris adults showed the same feeding preference when faced with three different host plants, and they all preferred to eat bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), followed by plantain (Musa basjoo), and finally brome (Bromus inermis), but the C. nigricornis consumed more food than the C. kiangsu. Conclusion The similarity and difference in morphology and biological learning of the two kinds of Ceracris insects are the basis for the sympatric occurrence of the two kinds of Ceracris insects, which provides some basic information support for the monitoring and control of the two kinds of Ceracris insects.
2024,
37(2):
90-95.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230311
Abstract:
Objective To improve the germination ability of Larix kaempferi embryoids and optimize the breeding technology of Larix kaempferi. Method In this study, we conducted classification on embryoids based on the number of cotyledon and the hypocotyl shape. Subsequently, their germination rates were recorded respectively. The germination rate of type Ⅰ embryoids was evaluated after desiccation using “paper vessel method”. Result Type I embryoids exhibited an initial germination rate of 5%, while the remaining types did not show any germination. However, after drying for two weeks, the germination rate of type I embryoids significantly increased to 69.43%, and embryoids with desiccation response were more likely to germinate. Conclusion These results show that the germination rate of Larix kaempferi embryoids is significantly improved after desiccation, which provides insights into new strategies for improving seedling production for this species.
2024,
37(2):
96-103.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230201
Abstract:
Objective The paper aims to investigate the harm degree and the potential risk of the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips subelongatus by analyzing their pathogenicity. Method Through the artificial inoculation, 12 species of ophiostomatoid fungi isolated from the body and tunnel of I. subelongatus were inoculated on Larix olgensis. After 60 days, the lesion sizes were observed and measured, and the host resistance responses were tested by inoculation of Endoconidiophora fujiensis and Endoconidiophora laricicola on larch. Result The results showed that the area of lesions caused by E. laricicola, E. fujiensis, Ophiostoma hongxingense, Ophiostoma peniculi and Ophiostoma xinganense were larger than those of the control. The lesion areas produced by the other seven species of Ophiostoma showed no significant difference comparing with the control. The average lesion area produced by E. laricicola were the largest with 3.51 ± 0.18 cm2, and the content of terpenoids in the host showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, showing a strong pathogenicity. However, the average lesion area of E. fujiensis was 1.70 ± 0.08 cm2, and the content of host terpenoids showed a decreasing trend, exhibiting weak pathogenicity. Conclusion E. laricicola is highly pathogenic to larch, E. fujiensis, O. hongxingense, O. peniculi and O. xinganense are weakly pathogenic, while the other seven Ophiostoma fungi show no obvious pathogenicity.
2024,
37(2):
104-114.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230213
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the distribution pattern, species association and marker characteristics of karst oak old-growth forests, and to explore the role of vertical stratification in maintaining biodiversity in karst forests. Method A 200 m × 110 m fixed plot was established in an old growth karst forest (> 300 years) in the Nanpanjiang River basin, southwest China. Trees were divided into overstory and understory based on height and species composition. Relationships between diameter class and species abundance, and between diameter class and richness were analyzed by negative exponential function. The distribution patterns of overstory, understory and their main populations were analyzed by pair correlation function g(r), and spatial correlations between overstory and understory, and their main populations were also analyzed. The mark character of tree species and tree size were detected by mark correlation function kmm(r). Result (1) The diameter distribution of the stand, over-story and understory all showed an inverted J-shaped pattern. Species richness of the stand and understory decreased with increasing diameter classes, while that of the overstory increased first and then decreased; (2) The overstory exhibits regular or random distribution on most scales, and only exhibits aggregation distribution on small scales (r = 0～1 m, 4～6 m). The understory had higher aggregation intensity at large scale when compared to the overstory; (3) Random correlation dominated the overstory and understory, and their major populations. Only a few pairs had positive or negative correlation at small scale (r = 0～2 m); (4) The stand and understory shared a characteristic of conspecific aggregation at all scales, and their intensity were obviously higher than that of the overstory. Tree sizes of the stand and overstory differentiated obviously and small trees were strongly aggregated. The understory contained a similar size of small trees that were randomly distributed at most scales. Conclusion These results suggest that vertical stratification largely determine species composition, abundance, distribution pattern and the spatial association of overstory and understory, which plays an important role in species coexistence and diversity maintenance.
2024,
37(2):
115-123.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230336
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of stand age and soil layer on soil nutrient contents and readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC), and provide scientific reference for improving soil C sequestration quality of plantation. Method This study measured the soil physical and chemical properties and ROC contents of two kinds of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. plantations with two ages (3a and 20a) and soil layers (0～10, 10～20, 20～40, 40～60, and 60～100 cm) in Suixi, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province. Result The results showed that the stand age significantly affected the soil physical properties, C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and C∶N, C∶P and N∶P, but the soil layer only had significant effects on soil water content (SWC), total organic C (TOC), total N (TN), total P (TP) and ROC. The soil TOC, TN, and TP of 20a plantation were 138.60%, 29.77%, and 56.99% higher than those of 3a plantation, respectively, indicating that soil TOC, TN, and TP increased with the increase of stand age. In addition, the soil ROC content of 20a plantation was 49.52% higher than that of 3a plantation, while the ROC/TOC ratio was 30.17% lower than that of 3a plantation, indicating that soil C stability of 20a plantation increases with the increase of stand age, which is attributed to the higher accumulation of TOC while less accumulation of ROC with the increase of stand age. Correlation analysis showed that the TOC and ROC contents of two plantations with different ages were significantly influenced by TN, TP, C∶N, and C∶P, but the TOC and ROC of 3a plantations also affected by SWC, total porosity, and capillary porosity. Conclusion The results of this study show that the stability of soil organic C increases with the increase of stand age, and is easily affected by the supply of soil N and P nutrients. Therefore, in the plantation management practices, the stability of soil C can be effectively improved by properly prolonging the rotation periods, as well as the regulation of soil N and P supplement of Eucalyptus plantations.
2024,
37(2):
124-133.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230302
Abstract:
Objective This study investigates the physiological response of two different cold-tolerant mangrove plant species to low temperature stress, which provides a theoretical basis for studying on cold resistance of mangrove. Method Based on the cold-tolerant variety Kandelia obovata and the non-cold-tolerant variety Lumnitzera littore , three temperature treatments were set for treatment, including 25 ℃/20 ℃ (day/night), 24 hours at 7 ℃/4 ℃ (day/night), and 48 hours at 7 ℃/4 ℃ (day/night). The differences in the of photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence characteristic, antioxidant capacity, chloroplast ultrastructure of two mangrove seedlings were compared and analyzed. Result Low-temperature stress inhibited the growth and photosynthesis of L. littore seedlings but had less effect on K. obovate. After 48 hours of low-temperature stress treatment, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves of L. littore seedlings were reduced, but the content of superoxide anion (O2·−), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in L. littore seedlings were increased. It was also observed that the leaf stomata were closed, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments were decreased. Additionally, the ultrastructure of the chloroplast was damaged, which eventually led to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) of the leaves. Under the same low-temperature stress, the photosynthesis of K. obovata seedlings’ leaves was also inhibited, but the decrease in leaf Pn was approximately 79% of that observed in L. littore. Conclusion K. obovata exhibits stronger cold tolerance than L. littore, possibly because K. obovata can not only maintain higher stomatal opening, photosynthetic pigment content, and POD activity, reducing the damage to chloroplast ultrastructure, but also regulate energy dissipation to alleviate PSII photoinhibition, thereby reducing the damage caused by low-temperature stress to membrane lipid peroxidation. Consequently, K. obovata maintains its robust photosynthetic capacity.
2024,
37(2):
134-143.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230271
Abstract:
Objective To reveal the composition of dominant nodule endophytes in Falcataria falcata and explore their effect on the growth of Falcataria falcata seedlings, thus providing information for the development of Falcataria falcata fertilizer. Methods Endophytic bacteria were screened from Falcataria falcata nodules collected from three locations (Guangzhou, Huizhou and Maoming of Guangdong province), and inoculation with the three different geographical nodule endophytes (YZ, YD and YX) were conducted. The growth traits of Falcataria falcata seedlings after inoculation with different geographical endophytic bacteria were measured. Furthermore, species identification of endophytic bacteria with different treatments was performed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Results Compared with the CK (negative control), Falcataria falcata seedlings under the three treatments were able to develop nodules successfully, and the seedling growth and nodule number, biomass, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation ability were significantly higher than those under the control treatment. Particularly, the seedling height, root length, SPAD in the three treatments increased by 53.74%～95.65%, 52.91%～98.41%, 74.04%～86.18%, and 7.6～15.9 times compared to the control, respectively. Among the three inoculation treatments, seedling after inoculation with YZ showed the highest values of seedling growth, nodulation number and nitrogen fixation. Significant differences in the composition of endophytic bacteria were found among the three treatments, and YZ treatment had the largest number of OTU number and the highest diversity of α (Shannon index). The denitrifying Fe-II oxidizing bacterium had significant effects on seedlings height, nodules number, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen content and nitrogen fixation in Falcataria falcata. Conclusion The endophytes isolated from Falcataria falcata nodule can promote seedling growth, biomass accumulation, photosynthesis ability and nitrogen fixation in Falcataria falcata seedlings. Different geographical nodule endophytes show different composition of endophytic bacteria and varying effects on seedling growth. Endophytes with high diversity have obvious growth-promoting effect on Falcataria falcata seedlings.
2024,
37(2):
144-155.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230296
Abstract:
Objective Mining activities have a detrimental impact on the environment, both in China and globally, leading to pollution, ecosystem damage, and risks to human health. The restoration and remediation of damaged ecosystems in mining areas present significant challenges, particularly in the context of China’s commitment to carbon neutrality. Method This study analyzed 914 literature published between 2010 and 2022, focusing on four key aspects of ecological restoration in mining areas: evaluation of damaged ecosystems, ecological restoration technology, carbon source/sink potential, and monitoring technology. Result There had been a shift in the approach to restore damaged ecosystems in mining areas. Earlier emphasis on “engineering restoration” had given way to a more holistic approach known as “system ecological restoration”. There was a transition from solely addressing fragmented and isolated areas to considering the restoration of the entire regional ecosystem. Additionally, study on the carbon source/sink in mining areas and the carbon cycle mechanisms of the regional environment is progressing. The application of big data technologies, such as remote sensing, played a significant role in advancing monitoring and evaluation systems for mining rehabilitation. The effectiveness of restoration efforts in degraded mining areas was influenced by various factors including improvements in laws and regulations, system control systems, multi-disciplinary integration, and striking a balance between production and living ecology. Conclusion This study clarifies the current dilemmas and challenges in the research and application of damaged ecosystem restoration and carbon sequestration potential in mining areas and provides reference for future ecological restoration management and monitoring and evaluation in mining areas.
2024,
37(2):
156-164.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230299
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of different stand densities on the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P in leaves, litter and soil of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation forests, and to provide scientific references for the management of plantation forests in the loess region of western Shanxi Province. Methods Based on five different densities (500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 plants/hm²) of plantation forests in the loess region of western Shanxi Province, the nutrients of leaves, litter and soil were measured and analysed. The effects of density on the three nutrients were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the correlations between leaf, litter, soil C, N, P and their stoichiometric ratios in plantations were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Result The C, N and P contents of leaves of plantation forest increased and then decreased with the increase of density, and the C∶P and N∶P of leaves decreased and then increased; the C, C∶N, C∶P and N∶P of litter decreased and then increased with the increase of density, and the N and P increased and then decreased; the C, P and N contents and C∶P and N∶P of soil decreased with the increase of density; and the C∶N showed a tendency of decreasing and then increasing with the increase of density. Leaf N∶P was greater than 14 in different stand densities, and there were different significant differences (p < 0.05) in leaf-detritus-soil C, N, P and their stoichiometric ratios, except for leaf N, C∶N. Conclusion Leaf N∶P is greater than 14 in different stand densities, indicating that plantation forests in the study area are mainly P-limited; density affects nutrient cycling and its distribution and stoichiometric characteristics of plantation forests to a certain extent; Robinia pseudoacacia plantation forests with densities ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 plants/hm2 have the highest contents of leaf blade, litter, and soil C, N, and P, and the weakest nutrient limitation, and the decomposition rate of litter is relatively fast, which is suitable for the operation of the forests.
2024,
37(2):
165-177.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230131
Abstract:
Objective Trunk sap flow is an important physiological indicator for the study of plant transpiration water consumption, and both tree species and meteorological factors are key influencing factors. This study aims to remove the limitation of tree species factor and explore the relationship between tree trunk sap flow and meteorological factors. Method Based on ten tree species in 3 forest stands in the water source area of Hani Terraces, their trunk sap flow rates were measured by using thermal dissipation probe (TDP) technology, and the relationship between synchronized data and meteorological factors were analyzed. Result Seven abnormal synchrony data were found from 7 779 tree trunk sap flow rate data in secondary deciduous broadleaf and primary evergreen broadleaf forests, and these abnormal synchrony data showed synchronous consistency across tree species; Further correlation analysis showed that the sudden increase in solar radiation was the main cause of the synchronous increase in sap flow rate, while rainfall was the main cause of the synchronous decrease in sap flow rate, and changes in both could lead to changes in other meteorological factors, which could affect the trunk sap flow rate; There was a certain time lag effect between tree trunk sap flow and meteorological factors: under abnormal climate conditions, sap flow lagged solar radiation by 0～30 min and was ahead of saturated water vapor pressure difference, with air temperature and humidity of 0～60 min, and the lag or advance time was much smaller than the time of each tree species under normal climatic conditions. Conclusion Tree trunk sap flow is regulated by a combination of meteorological factors such as solar radiation or rainfall, with solar radiation having the most pronounced effect. The paper may provide a scientific basis for studying the relationship between transpiration and meteorological factors in trees at the physiological-ecological level.
2024,
37(2):
178-188.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230237
Abstract:
Objective The effects of combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer on soil and leaf nutrients in walnut orchards were studied, and the main soil chemical factors affecting leaf nutrients were screened, which provides scientific evidence for the efficient management of soil nutrient resources in walnut orchards in Xinjiang. Method Based on the 10-year-old walnut 'Wen 185' (Juglans regia) at walnut main planting areas in Yecheng County, Kashgar, Xinjiang, a single factor completely random plot design was adopted to explore the chemical properties of soil and leaf mineral elements changes of walnut orchard under organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (Mineral source potassium fulvic acid and medium element water-soluble fertilizer, YZ) with the local conventional fertilization (Diammonium hydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate, YD). Results Compared to YD fertilization measure, YZ treatment significantly reduced soil pH and salt ion content, and increased leaf mineral element content, but there were seasonal differences. In May, the contents of soil NO3−-N, AK and leaves N, K and Zn (460.22%, 46.46%, 12.16%, 17.46%, 21.88%, p<0.05) increased significantly under YZ treatment. However, in July, the contents of soil pH, EC, Cl−-S, NH4+-N, AP, Na+ and leaf Cl−-L (2.21%, 27.25%, 23.37%, 61.09%, 30.03%, 13.24%, 15.94%,p<0.05) significantly reduced. The content of N, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn and B elements in the leaves increased significantly (4.16%, 13.25%, 20.73%, 44.04%, 66.67%, 24.62%, 52.47%, 31.85%, p<0.05). In September, the soil EC, NH4+-N, AP and Na+ (20.45%, 37.31%, 21.74%, 11.36%, p<0.05) reduced significantly under YZ treatment, while the contents of OM, NO3−-N and AK were significantly higher than those under YD treatment (22.17%, 59.09%, 56.47%, p<0.05). The results of linear regression analysis showed that soil pH, Na+ and Cl−-S were the important soil chemical factors affecting the content of mineral elements in walnut leaves at walnut orchards in Xinjiang. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing soil pH were beneficial to the accumulation of N, P, K, Na, Fe, Zn elements in walnut leaves. Conclusion The YD treatment increases the salt ion content of soil EC, Na+, Cl−-S, NH4+-N, etc., and long-term application may aggravate the level of soil salinization in walnut orchards in Xinjiang. YZ treatment can significantly reduce soil pH, Na+, EC, NH4+-N and other salt ion content, and improve the content of mineral elements such as N, P, K, Fe and other mineral elements. It is recommended that in walnut orchards in the main walnut planting area of Xinjiang, the combined application of organic-inorganic fertilizer can reduce the level of soil salinization to reduce the harm of salinity before July. In addition, balancing the mineral element content of leaves, and avoiding long-term single application of chemical fertilizer as much as possible will be helpful for soil.
2024,
37(2):
189-200.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230280
Abstract:
Objective In recent years, high temperatures occur frequently in the south of China, and the high-temperature environment has become an important limiting factor for the growth and development of Camellia oleifera. In order to investigate the physiological response to high-temperature stress and differences in heat tolerance of different C. oleifera varieties, for selecting the the varieties suitable for planting in high-temperature areas. Methods Based on the 3 year-old grafted seedlings of 15 varieties currently planted in various provinces (regions) of China, the relative leaf water content, dry matter content, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic regulators and antioxidant enzyme activities of 12 physiological and biochemical indexes of the varieties under the high-temperature stress (temperature increase of the plastic film) were investigated and measured. And the principal component analysis and the affiliation function methods were used to comprehensively analyze the tolerance ability assessment. Results Under high temperature stress, the relative water content and dry matter content of leaves of the varieties decreased; the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased, and most of them havd significant differences (p＜0.05); the content of malondialdehyde, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulating substances increased; and the analysis of the affiliation function showed that there were differences in the heat tolerance of the 15 varieties, and the variety Hwajin had the highest heat tolerance, followed by Ganzhouyou, Huashuo, Cenruan NO.2, Xianglin NO.210, Ganwu NO.2, Changlin No.53, Yueshao NO.75-2, Yueshao NO.77-1, Changlin NO.4, Cenruan NO.3, Huaxin, Changlin NO.40, and Ganzhouyou NO.7, Ganshi NO.83-4. Conclusion Among the 15 varieties, Huajin, Ganzhouyou NO.1, Huashuo, Cenruan NO.2, Xianglin NO.210have strong heat resistance and are suitable for planting in high-temperature areas.
2024,
37(2):
201-210.
doi: 10.12403/j.1001-1498.20230321
Abstract:
Although the study of forest rotation has attracted the attention of many scholars both domestically and internationally, there are still divergent opinions on the connotation of optimal forest rotation, the criteria for determining the optimal forest rotation, the criteria for determining the rotation, and the impact of related variables on the optimal forest rotation, which cannot provide a solid theoretical basis for developing a cultivation model for improving forest plantations. This paper summarized the research results on determining the optimal forest rotation, and used experimental data of Chinese fir plantations to demonstrate the different criteria, methods, and influencing factors in determining the optimal forest rotation. It also provides prospects for future research directions.
Although the study of forest rotation has attracted the attention of many scholars both domestically and internationally, there are still divergent opinions on the connotation of optimal forest rotation, the criteria for determining the optimal forest rotation, the criteria for determining the rotation, and the impact of related variables on the optimal forest rotation, which cannot provide a solid theoretical basis for developing a cultivation model for improving forest plantations. This paper summarized the research results on determining the optimal forest rotation, and used experimental data of Chinese fir plantations to demonstrate the different criteria, methods, and influencing factors in determining the optimal forest rotation. It also provides prospects for future research directions.
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