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植物叶片秋季衰老会导致叶色变化,暖温带落叶林最显著的特征是秋季叶色丰富[1-2]。目前植物叶片呈色机制仍不完全清楚[3]。研究发现叶色与叶片色素种类、含量和分布有关[4-5],叶片呈色的直接原因是叶片中色素种类和比例的变化[6]。大多数植物叶片叶绿素含量秋季开始时缓慢下降,然后迅速下降,同时叶片组织中开始积累花青素[7-9],秋季叶色变红主要与叶片中花青素积累有关[7,10-11]。研究表明叶片色素含量与色差参数间具有一定相关性,如花色素苷和叶绿素含量的多少决定着a*值大小[12]。叶片花色苷的主要功能是使叶片免受光合抑制影响[13],同时有利于叶片营养元素的吸收再利用[14]。与N含量较高的叶片相比,N含量较低的叶片更早且更完全变红[4],表明色素与营养元素在叶片中的变化高度相关[15]。N和P是植物生长发育的限制性元素[16],同时也是各种蛋白质和遗传物质的重要组成元素[17]。因此,利用色差参数对主要色素含量进行预测,了解营养元素动态和叶色在叶片衰老期的变化关系,有助于了解植物变色期的适应策略,进一步揭示植物叶片秋冬季呈色规律[18]。
北美栎树(Quercus spp.)引种至我国已有20多年,其中有些树种引种点较多,种植广泛,生长良好[19]。作为观赏树种,北美栎树特别是红栎组(Sect. Lobatae)栎树秋冬季叶色丰富。研究表明平均气温是引起纳塔栎(Q. texana Buckley)秋季叶片变色的主要因素,其次是最高气温[20]。姜琳等探讨了纳塔栎、舒玛栎(Q. shumardii Buckland)等树种在秋冬转色期叶色变化的生理机制[21],但较少涉及关于秋季色素含量,特别是营养元素与叶色量化参数间变化关系方面的研究。由于栎树资源丰富,不同树种之间秋季叶色差异显著,这一现象可能与其秋季花青素积累差异显著有关[11,22]。同时,不同栎树叶片营养元素变化的差异可能也间接导致其叶色显著不同。因此,本研究选择从北美引种的7种栎树以及乡土树种白栎(Q. fabri Hance)为研究对象,通过研究8种栎树叶片变色期有关生理指标变化,进而揭示栎树叶片营养元素生态化学计量特征、色素和叶色参数间的关系,以期为栎树园林绿化应用和彩叶新品系选育提供科学依据。
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