Abstract: Xanthoceras sorbifolia is one of the widely distributed indigenous economic tree species in northern China.Since its cultural history is short, the knowledge of its morphology and ecology is rather limited.This paper deals with the morphology and distribution of its root systems in the soil as well as the responses to different ecological facters in various sites.Besides, the influences of soil texture, fertility, moisture content and underground water level on its growth and development are also discussed.Techniques of planting and management for high fruit yield are recommened.The investigation shows the ground water should be less than 4 m deep when the orchard of Xanthoceras sorbifolia is set up for the fruit production as the main;thick layer of powdery sand or clay should be avoided;the spacing of young trees should be greater than 2 m;the soil management should be strengthened for the peripheral land out of the crown shade.