Abstract: In order to find out the responses of fertilization on the bamboo plantations and the rational rates of N, P, K fertilizer applied, three experiments of fertilization were conducted in Anji County of Zhejiang Province, Shaxian County and Changtin County of Fujiang Province. Trials lasted for 6 years. Final results showed that the responses of fertilization on rational density of bamboo stands (about 3 000 standing plants per ha) were more significant than that of sparse bamboo stands (1500 standing plants per ha). Fertilizing treatments in rational density stands yielded 2.67~5.70t/ha of fresh culms and 0.34~0.75 t/ha.a of fresh bamboo shoots more than that of the check from 1985~1990. Each kg of available N, P,K produced 27.8~62.5kg of fresh culms and 2.75~9.15 kg of fresh shoots. The optimum rate of application on dense bamboo stand for producing both timber and shoot was N310, P83, K118kg per ha.For the sparse bamboo stands,yearly increment of bamboo culms reduced 50%, compared with the dense stands in equal level of N application. The optimum rate of application was N138, P37, K79 kg per ha. This paper also discussed the response of organic manure, the effects of fertilization on the properties of bamboo timber as well as the long-term effect of fertilization.