Abstract: There are mountain yellow brown soil, yellow soil,red yellow soil, yellow red soil and red soil was distributing from high altitude to low altitude in Nianzhu and Shangchun Forest Farms, in Dagang Mountain, Jiangxi Province. The soil organic matter decreases with the raise of elevation; available N increases from 17,63 to 25.20mg/100g, available Pincreases from 0.07 to 0.22mg/100g soil, while the change of available Kisn't clear. The activity of hydrogen peroxidase enzyme is similar to each other among different kinds of soils except the low activity in red soil. The polyphend oxidase enzyme activity is the lowest in yellow brown soil, which is 1/5 of the other types of soil, The amount of bacteria in soil over 480m above sea level is 27~300 times of that in red soil and yellow red soil below the elevation of 480 m respectively. The dominant population of actinomyces changes from grey hypha to white hypha, along with the occurence of branch bacilli-form bacteria as the elevation decline. Amount of fungi in yellow red soil and red soil occupies 12~15 percent of the total microorganism, but it is less than 1% among the other soil types. There is no obvious change in the fertility of different soil types above 325m. while the fertility of soil type below 325m decreases obviously