Abstract: Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.is one of the important planting trees in barren hills of south China and south east Asia.There are siginificant differences in H (height),DBH (diameter breast high),V (volume),BL (bole length),BI (branch index) and SI (stem index) among the natural provenances.Provenance selection is necessary while good sites help them get higher products.Geographical variation is mainly effected by longitude.In the west of 142°56′E(i.e.the Great Dividing Ra),the superiority of growth and morphology of provenances is continously increased by the increase of longitude East of Greenwich.The provenances located in the east of 142°56′E are more superior than that in the west.Altitude only effects SI and BL in middle extent.There is no correlation between elevation,growth or morphological performance.25 natural provenances can be divided into five groups.The provenances from the south east coast of Queensland are the best.Index selection in consideration of the heritabilities and economic value of multi characters helps the genetic improvement to get good expected genetic gains of multi characters.Genetic gains in H,DBH and V of 8 good provenances selected by the rate of 30 percent are respectively 19.1～29.5 percent,18.8～29.5 percent and 85.3～125.0 percent,BI and SI will be reduced by 22.1～63.1 and 10.8～61.3 percent respectively.