Abstract: This paper deals with the impacts of new cultivation patterns of incorporating poplar with wheat on its yield and quality. The result shows that the yield of wheat in the new cultivation patterns is reduced by 10%～15% than that in the mono crop field at the 5th year since poplar trees were incorporated [the cultivation model are (3×3) m×20 m,(3×3) m×30 m,(3×3) m×40 m]; the content of starch and protein in the wheat′s seed is increased by an average of 12% and 22.1% respectively,compared with the mono crop field,the range of the increasing protein content is greater than that of the increasing starch content; the major factors affecting the yield of wheat and thousand grain weight are illuminance,air temperature,air moisture and soil water content; the major factor of increasing wheat seed quality is air temperature.