Abstract: The effects of plant growth substances,rare-earth,the mixture of plant growth substances and rare-earth,and water on the yields of 8-year-old Castanea henryi plantations with high,middle and low yields were analyzed.The results indicated that the yield of Castanea henryi plantation treated with 400 mg·kg-1 rare-earth elements increased the most,followed by 5 g·kg-1 TDS and the mixture (400 mg·kg-1 rare-earth elements+5 g·kg-1 TDS).The effect of water was the poorest.The effect of treatment was positively correlated with the type of plantation.The higher the yield of plantation,the more the yield increased.The physiological basis of yield increase was the increases of the content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate by these treatments.