Abstract: Bamboo stands, which are important forest resources in China, play not only great economical roles in main bamboo production areas, but also form world-wide advanced bamboo industry. Current techniques of management focus more on gaining maximum economic profits, but ecological and social benefits are neglected at some extent. This paper summarized the research outcomes of hydrological ecology of bamboo stands and analyzed their important function in environment protection,it was suggested that the study in the field of bamboo ecology must be strengthened. Such techniques as classified management and oriented cultivation should be used so as to make more economic, ecological and social benefits.