Abstract: The poplar grown on the beaches of Yangtze River, Anqing city, Anhui province, were selected to study the wood anatomical properties under sand covered. The results showed that the fiber length, fiber and vessel percentage, the ratio of fiber length to width and angle of microfibril with the values of 829. 08 μm, 62. 48%, 24. 09%, 47. 5, 15. 3°. Compared to the normal trees, the wood properties of fiber length, the thickness of cell wall and vessel percentage had significant effect by sand covered with the relative difference values of-33.78%, 34.70%, -33.08%, while the properties of the wood ray percentage and the ratio of fiber length to fiber width had few effect. Compared to normal poplar tree, the sand covered poplar tree may be have larger wood mechanical prosperities according to the small angle of microfibril, the large fiber percentage and thick cell wall. The difference of wood properties'radial variation between normal and sand covered resulted in different molecular physiological function and different growth cycle.