Abstract: The research on Bamboo genetics and breeding were limited by bamboo's characteristics and progressed slowly. In this paper, genetics study, traditional breeding and molecular breeding were discussed.In order to accelerate the research on genetics and breeding of bamboo, the authors suggested that the new technology on bamboo germplasm conservation should be invented, flowering mechanism and flower induced should be strengthened, molecular breeding and traditional breeding should be integrated and new technological basis of tissue culture should be established.