祁连山林草复合流域降水规律的研究
A Preliminary Study on the Precipitation Variation of Complex Watershed on Forestry and Grasses of Qilian Mountains
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摘要: 在祁连山西水试验区排露沟林草复合流域分坡向和海拔设置26个雨量观测点,观测研究了降水变化规律,结果表明:(1)流域内降水具有明显的季节变化,夏秋季降水充沛,冬春季降水稀少;(2)降水变化是大气环流和小气候及环境因子综合作用的结果,月降水量(R,mm)与月水汽压(P,Pha)、气温(T,℃)、空气湿度(W,%)和水面蒸发(E,mm)之间存在显著的线性相关关系:R=-98.206 3+11.735 3P+1.135 0W+0.086 1E-2.294 6T,相关系数为0.948 6;(3)降水量随海拔升高而递增,2 600~3 300 m百米平均递增率为4.95%,当海拔超过3 300 m及接近山顶时,降水出现随海拔升高而下降的趋势;降水空间分布差异除受海拔影响外,还受坡向的影响,阴坡比阳坡降水多7%左右,处在相同海拔和坡向的植被类型差异对降水量的影响不显著;(4)模型Ⅱ能够较准确模拟流域降水动态变化,可以利用流域附近气象站降水观测值进行流域降水量估算。Abstract: In this paper,the precipitation variation was preliminarily studied in the Pailugou complex watershed on forest and grasses,which located in the Xishui research areas of Qilianshan Mountains.The results showed:(1)The precipitation in watershed had obvious seasonal change,plentiful in summer and autumn and rare in winter and spring;(2)The variation of precipitation was a result of comprehensive effects of atmospheric circulation and local micro-climatic and environmental factors.The local micro-climatic and environmental factors could probably more or less influence the precipitation.A markedly correlated linear regression relationship existed among the monthly precipitation(R,mm),vapor pressure(P,Pha),air temperature(T,℃),air humidity(W,%) and evaporation(E,mm): R =-98.206 3 + 11.735 3 P + 1.135 0 W + 0.086 1 E-2.294 6 T,the correlation coefficient is 0.948 6;(3)The point precipitation increased with elevation in certain range.In the elevation of 2 6003 300 m the precipitation increase rate per 100 meter in elevation was 4.95% in average.The annual precipitation declined with elevation hoisting when the elevation was over 3 300 m or closing the peak.Precipitation varied dependent on slope direction(or vegetation type) besides altitude,and the precipitation in shady slopes was about 7% higher than that in sunny slopes in the studied watershed.Difference vegetation type with same elevation and slope direction would not arouse precipitation discrepancy;⑷The watershed average time or annual precipitation could be comparatively accurately calculated from the measured time or annual precipitation in the climate station located near the watershed outlet with the mode Ⅱ.
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Key words:
- Qilian Mountains
- / complex watershed
- / precipitation variation
- / environment factors
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