黄土高原沟壑区油松侧柏与沙棘混交的人工林的水文影响
Hydrological Effect of Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis and Hippophae rhamnoides Mixed Plantation in Gully Region of Loess Plateau
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摘要: 采用国家标准森林分析方法进行了沙棘与油松、侧柏人工混交林的水文影响研究,结果表明:混交林内年均降水量较林外减少了20.1%;林内月降水量的季节变化以夏、秋、春、冬依次递减;年均气温比纯林内低0.1℃,相对湿度高4.5%;乔木层年均截留量较纯林提高了56.6%,灌木层提高了395.7%;年均地表径流量105.8 L,径流摸数为10.58 m3.km-2.a-1,纯林分别为1 349.05 L和134.9 m3.km-2.a-1,土壤侵蚀模数为0.65 t.hm-2.a-1,纯林为9.2 t.hm-2.a-1;枯枝落叶层现存量增加了200%;平均容水量为自身质量的3.1倍;土壤密度和土粒密度分别减少了6.3%和17.7%,含水量、孔隙度和通气度分别提高了6.1%、13.9%、20.3%。不同土层土壤密度和土粒密度由上到下逐渐增大,孔隙度和通气度表层较高,向下逐渐减少;底层、中层和表层土壤非毛管孔隙度分别提高了113.3%、38.6%和32.6%;最大持水量、最小持水量、毛管持水量分别较纯林平均高11.0%、9.8%、10.5%,较荒地高36.0%、16.0%、25.6%;储水量和0～40 cm储水量分别较纯林和荒地提高了12.4%、22.7%,排水能力也较强。Abstract: The experiment applied national standard forest analysis method to study of hydrological effect of Pinus tabulaeformis,Platyclodus orientalis and Hippophae rhamnoides mixed plantation.The results showed that annual mean precipitation inside the mixed plantation was 20.1% lower than that ouside the mixed plantation.Its seasonal varieties in summer,autume,spring and winter gradually decreased.In mixed plantation,the annual mean air temperature was 0.1℃ lower than it in pure plantation and annual mean relative humidity was 4.5% higher than that in pure plantation.In mixed plantation,the cut discharges of tree layers increased by 56.6% and shrub layers increased by 395.7%.The annual mean runoff on the ground and modulus of runoff were 105.8 L and 10.58 m3·km-2·a-1 inside the mixed plantation.But those in pure plantation were 1 349.05 L and 134.9 m3·km-2·a-1.The soil erosion modulus was 0.65 t·hm-2·a-1 inside the mixed plantation but in pure plantation was 9.2 t·hm-2·a-1.The litter extant amount increased by 200% and litter water-holding capacity was 3.1 times of its own weight,the soil volume weight and compactness reduced by 6.3% and 17.7%,the water content,porosity and air permeability of soil increased by 6.1 %,13.9% and 20.3%.The soil physical property was improved.In different soil layers the soil volume weight and compactness gradually increased from the upper fo the cower strata.The porosity and air permeability of soil was the best in topsoil but decreased downwards.In mixed plantation the soil porosities of non-capillary in bottom,middle and top soil layers increased by 113.3%,38.6% and 32.6%.The maximal water-holding content,the minimum water-holding content and capillary water-holding content in mixed plantation were respectively 11.0%,9.8% and 10.5% higher than those in pure plantation,36.0%,16.0% and 25.6% higher than those in wild land.The water total storage and water storage of 0～40 cm soil layer in mixed plantation were 12.4%,22.7% higher than those in pure plantation and wild land.
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