北美产七叶树引种栽培技术研究
Studies on Introduction and Cultivation ofAesculus from North American
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摘要: 从北美东部引进红花七叶树、光叶七叶树、黄花七叶树、欧洲七叶树等在浙江桐庐开展引种栽培试验。连续4a 的引种试验表明, 较之于浙江七叶树, 北美产七叶树早期生长较慢, 树高生长期较短。在引种的4种北美产七叶树中, 黄花七叶树、红花七叶树和光叶七叶树生长表现较好, 虽然在苗期和1~ 2年生时的叶和芽在夏季比渐江七叶树更易受高温灼伤, 但随着树龄的增大, 抗灼伤等适应能力增强, 年生长量不断增加; 而欧洲七叶树易受冻害, 生长不良, 不宜引种。观察发现, 红花七叶树和光叶七叶树分别在1年生和3年生时就始花始果, 黄花七叶树营养生长最旺, 生长速度不亚于浙江七叶树。七叶树种子适时采收, 并利用具有自动喷雾设施的温室大棚沙藏, 可使七叶树失活和腐烂种子的比率低于10%。在气温较低的冬季采用小包装方式进行长途运输可保证七叶树种子的质量。通过种子沙藏催芽和切根移床可促进根系发达和苗木生长。在苗期, 夏季高温期间宜用50%透光度遮阳网遮阳。圃地培育大苗要求控制定植密度, 施足基肥, 加强水肥管理, 以利苗木生长。Abstract: Aesculus pavia, A. g labra, A. octandra and A. hippocastanum from North America w ere introduced andcu ltivated in Tong lu o fZhejiang, China. A four-year introduction experiment show ed thatA esculus from North America g rew more slow ly than that o fZhejiang buckeye in early stage. O f the four introducedAesculus species, A. octandra, A. pavia. and A. glabra. show ed better grow th performance. Though the young seedlings and 2 years o ld sproutand leaf of in troduced A esculus w ere more sensitive to the in jury by high temperature in comparison w ith Chinesebuckeye , the ir adaptation to h igh temperature and grow th increm ent would increase cont inuously w ith age. Thus,they w ere fit to be introduced into E ast of China, while A. h ippocastanum, which w as sensit ive to low temperatureand g rew more slow ly, w as unf it fo r introduct ion. Observa tions show ed thatA. pavia and A. g labra could b loom at1 year and 3 years o ld respect ive ly, wh ileA. octandra had the fastest grow ing speed, wh ich w as no t less than tha t ofZhejiang buckeye. Seeds ofAesculus may easily rot and lose v igor, but timely harvest and sto ring in sand of green-house could contro l the ratio of rotting be ing low er than 10%. For long transportat ion o f seeds in w in ter, litt le pack-ing w ou ld be helpful for keep ing seed qua lity. The number of lateral root o fAesculusw as little, bu t st imu lating germ i-nation by sto ring seed in sand and transp lanting w ith cutting roo t m ight enhance root development and seedling grow th. In high-temperature summer at seedling stage, shad ing by black netw ith light transm ittance 50% was help-fu l for seedling s grow th. Cult ivat ion of good-sized seedling s in nursery require contro lled p lanting density, ample fert ilizer, plenty w ater and finemanagemen,t whichm ight promo te the form ation of plump top bud and would be goodfor the growth of next year.
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Key words:
- A esculus pavia
- / Aesculus glabra
- / Aesculus octandra
- / Aesculus hipp ocastanum
- / in troduction
- / cultivation
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