山东石灰岩山地植被结构与演变
Research on Vegetation Structure and Evolvementof Limestone Mountain in Shandong Province
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摘要: 在群落调查的基础上, 对山东省淄博市沂源县和博山区两处代表性的石灰岩山地植被于2001年和2005年进行2次调查, 从群落物种的重要值、物种多样性、生态位等方面对山东石灰岩山地植被的现状进行了生态学分析, 并将2001年作为有人为干扰情况下的植被现状, 人工封育5 a后的2005 年作为经过人工封育的自然恢复现状, 对石灰岩山地植被的演变进行了分析。结果表明: 山东石灰岩山地植被的现状相对较差, 群落的层次性不明显, 灌草层的优势种为黄荆和结缕草, 经过人工封育, 灌草层的优势种并没有明显的变化, 两地的植被还处于演变过程中, 但没有达到演替的程度, 沂源样地的情况和演变程度均要强于博山; 灌草层物种多样性的变化并不一致, 经过对物种多样性指数的计算, 可以得出两地的Shannon-W iener多样性指数都有所上升; 物种优势度、生态位宽度和生态位重叠三者之间2001年相关关系不显著, 但2005年相关关系显著, 并且有从无直线相关到有直线相关, 从直线相关到对数相关的变化趋势。Abstract: The area suitab le for p lanting forests in Shandong Prov ince aremostly in limestonemounta in. Because ofits bad env ironmental cond ition, it is d ifficu lt to plant trees in limestonemounta in. W e did researches in 2001 and2005 respectively in order to apply theo ry to vegetation resume in limestonemoun tain. Based on community investiga tion, tw o representat ive limestone mounta in fo rests w ere se lected in Y iyuan and Boshan w hich w ere investigatedtw ice at 2001 and 2005. The land w as div ided into 4 types in both places, and 2~ 6 quadrats w ere placed in everykinds of area types. Then arbor layer ( 20 m × 20 m) , shrub layer ( 3 m × 3m ) and herbage layer ( 3 m × 3 m)w ere investigated separate ly. By means o f spec ies importance value, species diversity, n iche et al. , the eco log icalcharacter istics of vegetation in limestone mounta in were stud ied actually. Accord ing to comparison o f the data in2001 and 2005, w hich stand for the vegeta tion actuality under jamm ing and natural restorat ion actuality under forestenclosing and tending, the vegetation evo lvement w as stud ied of lim estonemounta in in Shandong Prov ince. The resu lts show ed that the actua lity o f limestone mountain in Shandong Prov ince w as comparat ive ly bad; the communitylevels w ere not dist inc.t The dom inant spec ies in shrub and herbage layers w ereVitex negundo andZ oysia jap onica,acco rd ing to fo rest enc losing and tend ing, the dom inant spec ies in shrub and herbage layers d id not change obv ious-ly. The vegeta tion in tw o spots w as in the process of evo lvem en,t but it d id not come to the ex tent o f succession.The cond ition w as better and the evolvement extentw as deeper in Y iyuan than in Boshan. The variety of species d iversity in shrub and herbage layerssw ere not identica,l and it rose of shrub layer in both spo ts. As for herbage layer,it dec lined in Boshan ( from 1. 54 to 1. 09) and rose in Y iyuan ( from 1. 22 to 1. 24). There w as no rule of speciesdiversity a long w ith alt itude. Re la tionships among impo rtance value ( IV ) , n iche breadth (BL) and n iche overlap(Op) in 2001 w ere not prom inen,t but itw as prom inent in 2005, it had the change trend from no linear corre lationto linear corre lation, from linear corre lation to logarithm ic correlation.
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