毛竹林竹冠节肢动物群落结构与多样性研究
Studies on the Composition and D iversity of the CanopyArthropod Commun ity of Moso Bamboo Forest
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摘要: 以套网振落法在“蜀南竹海”毛竹竹冠采到昆虫113种(类) ,隶属于13目, 54科。整个节肢动物群落组成中优势度最明显的为同翅目类群,在4个调查样地林区内,其相对多度为30% ～51% ,其次是蜘蛛类,相对多度为19%～43%。昆虫亚群落的优势物种为同翅目的一种小绿叶蝉( Em poasca sp. ) ,且该亚群落的物种丰富度在4个调查样地林区之间存在一定差异,其趋势为Ⅲ号样地林区> Ⅱ号样地林区> Ⅰ号样地林区> Ⅳ号样地林区;而优势集中性指数则为Ⅱ号样地林区> Ⅲ号样地林区> Ⅳ号样地林区> Ⅰ号样地林区,表明Ⅱ号样地林区由于环境条件和林相特点致使害虫大发生的可能性较其他林区大。群落多样性指数(H′)的季节动态表现为低→高→低→高→低的变化趋势,两个高峰分别出现在5—6月和8—9月。以竹冠节肢动物群落内主要类群的物种数和多度为变量,对不同样地林区4—10月的7次调查样本进行群落季节格局的最优分割分析,结果表明最适分割数为5,该分割将群落的季节动态区分为5个时期,该划分基本反映出竹冠主要害虫的发生、消长与气候的年变化和竹林季相的关系,对于指导毛竹害虫综合治理有重要意义。Abstract: The survey of canopy arthropod community was conducted by netting from Ap ril to October in 1999 inChangning Bamboo Area, Yibing, Sichuan. The results indicated that there were 113 species ( group s) of canopy insects, which belonged to 13 orders and 54 families method. All sp iders were considered as one group because ofsimilar ecological functions. Homp tera and sp iders constituted the dominant group s in arthropod communities in thefour investigation areas. The relative abundance ranged from 30% to 51% for Homp tera and from19% to 43% forsp iders, respectively. Dominant concentration index of Simp son was in the order ofAreaⅡ >AreaⅢ >AreaⅣ >AreaⅠ. Em poasca sp. (Homp tera: Cicadellidae) was the a dominant species in four Areas. At p resent, it had already become one of the most important bamboo pests in China. The indices of dominant concentration and diversitywere used to analyze and compare the seasonal dynamics of arthropod community. The dynamics of dominant concentration started highly, then decreased to a low level, but finally increased to a relatively high level. The changetendencies of the dynamics of diversity (H′) were from low to high, then to low, and to high again, and to low finally. This trend was closely related to bionomics of arthropod and seasonal change, but there was difference in the four areas. The dynamics of the diversity in Area II was an excep tion as a result of the obvious dominance ofEm poasca sp. inMay. Its change tendencywas from high to low, then to high, and to low again, and to high again,and to low finally. The seasonal pattern of bamboo canopy arthropod communitywithin investigation period could bedivided into five stages by the op timal sorting. The five stageswere before earlyAp ril, from mid Ap ril to early June,from mid June to early Sep tember, from mid Sep tember to mid October, and after mid October, respectively. Thesecond stage forming the first peak was the most important and op timum time to monitor dynamics and control pestsbecause most pests appeared at this stage. At the third stage, the pests declined because of high temperature andoccasional strong wind. At the forth stage, temperature declined to a relatively suitable range. The second peak ofsome insect pests appeared and sp ider population also increased. Biological control should be emphasized at thisstage. The arthropod over-wintered between late October and next earlyAp ril. Forestmanagement should be emphasized to control the over-wintering pest populations.
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Key words:
- Phy llostachys edulis
- / arthropod
- / canopy community
- / diversity
- / dynamics
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