干旱区人工绿洲不同农田防护林模式防护效应及相关性
Shelter ing Effects of Farm land Protective Forest and The ir Rela tion shipsin Artif ic ia lOa sis of Ar id Reg ion
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摘要: 对乌兰布和人工绿洲11条不同配置结构农田防护林带的防护效应进行了研究,结果表明: (1)在同等条件下,窄冠型杨树林带的疏透度均比宽冠型杨树的小,新疆杨较加拿大杨低0. 23,箭杆杨较二白杨低0. 30;但新疆杨的防风效能较加拿大杨高34. 43% ,箭杆杨较二白杨高26. 46%。宽林带(32 m)的防护作用强于窄林带(4 m) ,其农田防护率可提高16. 55%～54. 41% ,胁地指数降低0. 03～0. 22,农作物减产率下降27. 5%。(2)小网格灌木防护林的农田防护率、胁地指数和农作物减产率均好于乔木,农田防护率较乔木提高8. 00% ～13. 93% ,胁地指数降低0. 04～0.05,减产率下降0. 8% ～49. 4%;防风效能提高1. 08%～6. 3%。(3)乔木混交林的防护效应好于乔木纯林,其中,农田防护率较纯林提高43. 8% ,胁地指数降低0. 27,农作物减产率降低57. 5%。(4)新疆杨栽植9 a后即可进入最佳有效防护成熟期,有效防护成熟期在10～27 a。(5)林带配置方式即株行距、行数、林带宽度与林带疏透度显著正相关(R = 0. 661*、0. 707*、0. 688* ) 。(6)林带防护距离随林龄增加而增加,林龄与林带间距呈显著正相关,即林带的工艺成熟龄和防护期是确定林带间距的重要依据。Abstract: This paper is studied the shelterbelt effects of 11 farmland p rotective forests with different structures inartificial oasis of Ulan Buh Desert, the results showed that (1) with the same structure features ( age, density, rownumber, belt width, inter-belt distance, etc. ) , the porosity of narrow-crown pop lar trees was lower than that ofwide-crown pop lar trees, that of Populus bolleana was 0. 23 lower than that of Populus canadensis, that of Populusnigra L. var thevestina (Dode) Bean was 0. 30 lower than that of Populus n igra L. var thevestina ×P. sim onii, thewindbreak rates (WR) increased by 34. 43% and 26. 46%, compared to those of narrow shelterbelt. The farmlandsheltering rate ( FSR) of wide shelterbelt ( 32 m) increased by 16. 55% —54. 41% , and land competitive index(LCI) and crop yield reduction rate (CYRR) of wide shelterbelt (32 m) decreased by 0. 03—0. 22 and 27. 5% respectively; ( 2 ) compared to those of high trees, the FSR and WR of small2network shrub belt increased by8. 00% —13. 93% and 1. 08% —6. 30% , LCI and CYRR of small-network shrub belt decreased by 0. 01—0. 05and 0. 8% —49. 4% respectively; ( 3 ) compared to those of pure forest, the FSR of mixed forest increased by43. 8% , LC I and CYRR of mixed forest decreased by 0. 27 and 57. 5%; ( 4) 9 years after p lanting, Populusbolleana came to its op timum sheltering age, the op timum sheltering age period is 10—27 age; ( 5 ) shelterbeltdensity, row number and beltwidth had significantly positive relations to shelterbelt porosity (R = 0. 661, 0. 707 and0. 688) ; (6) inter-belt distance had significantly positive relations to tree ( shrub) age.
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