3种竹笋夜蛾生态位及其种间竞争的研究
N iche of Three Dom inant Shoot boring Noctuids andTheir Interspecific Competition
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摘要: 竹笋夜蛾是竹林笋期最主要的害虫之一, 应用昆虫种群生物学理论对早园竹、红竹和淡竹笋上3种夜蛾种群动态及生态位进行了研究。结果表明: 淡竹笋夜蛾和笋秀夜蛾在种群数量上明显占优, 前者发生高峰期集中于4月底至5月初, 约7 d, 后者集中于5 月中旬, 约10 d, 二者在发生时间上相互分离; 竹笋禾夜蛾发生数量少, 危害相对较轻。淡竹笋夜蛾的时间生态位宽度在3 种夜蛾中最小, 竹笋禾夜蛾和淡竹笋夜蛾的生态位相似比例较高( > 0. 7), 种间竞争系数高达0. 907 3, 说明二者在利用时间资源上发生重叠, 二者存在明显资源竞争, 最终导致淡竹笋夜蛾种群密度和数量比例显著高于竹笋禾夜蛾。竹笋禾夜蛾的生态位宽度和笋秀夜蛾接近。3种竹笋夜蛾共存同一株竹笋的情况不存在, 即使是2种夜蛾共存于同一竹笋的几率也很低, 平均值也仅为0. 97%。Abstract: Shoot boring noctu ids are the most importan t pests in bamboo shoot periods. In th is paper, insectpopulat ion b iology theory w as used to ana lyze quantitatively the niches of three dom inant shoo t boring noctu ids.These noctuids w ere investigated on three bamboo spec ies, Phy llostachy s praecox, P. iridescins and P. glauca,respectively. Itw as found that the popu lation density ofK umasia kumaso and Apamea ap am eoides w ere the ma inspec ies. The former reached the peak from late A pr il to early M ay, exper ienc ing seven days or so, and the latteraggregated on m id M ay, lasting about ten days. These tw o spec ies occurred separately. Oligia vulgaris w erecaptured few er in the field and observed to be less infested than the prev iousmentioned tw o species. Analysis fromeco log ica l ind ices show ed that temporal n ich breadth ofK. kumaso w as the narrow est among three noctu ids. Thetempora l n iche sim ilarity be tw een Oligia vulgaris and Apamea kumaso w as h igher than 0. 7 w hile the interspec ificcompetition coefficient w as 0. 907 3. The results ind icated tha t the competition betw een O. vulgaris andK. kumasoeventua lly resoulted in the sign if icantly h igher populat ion density ofK. kumaso than O. vulgaris. The temporaln iche breath ra lues ofK. kumaso and A. apam eoides w as very sim ilar. It had never observed that three spec iescoex isted on the same shoots. The coex istence rat ios of tw o o f them w as only 0. 97%.
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Key words:
- shoo t-boring noctuids
- / time n iche
- / interspec ies compet ition
- / popu lation dynam ics
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