淡水培养对桐花树幼苗生长发育的影响
Effect of Fresh Water Cultivation on the Growth and Development of Aegiceras corniculatum Seedlings
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摘要: 在广东梅州实验地全光照条件下用恒定淹水位淡水培养处理红树植物桐花树幼苗1年,以人工海水(盐度8 g·kg-1)为对照,研究了淡水培养对桐花树幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:淡水组幼苗的茎高、基径、胚轴直径等指标显著低于人工海水组,而叶片数则极显著低于人工海水组,在胚轴高、分枝数、叶长、叶宽、叶长/叶宽、根长、根径、根数等指标上差异不显著;淡水组的叶面积比人工海水组大18.11%,差异显著。180天时,淡水组植株的根、茎、叶的生物量及总生物量与人工海水组的相比没有显著差异,但分别比人工海水组低12.50%、18.40%、16.48%、16.32%,两组植株的根、茎、叶生物量的大小均为:茎＞叶＞根;360天时,2组植株的根、茎、叶的生物量及总生物量间差异不显著,但淡水组比人工海水组分别低33.88%、17.48%、28.30%、26.51%,两组植株的根、茎、叶生物量的大小均为:叶＞茎＞根。种植1年后,两组桐花树幼苗的存活率都达90%以上,部分植株有花蕾出现且开花,其中,人工海水组植株先出现花蕾,而淡水组植株相对迟25 天出现花蕾,但淡水组出现花蕾的株数比人工海水组多33.82%。由此可见,淡水对桐花树幼苗大部分形态指标均有显著影响,但桐花树幼苗可以正常生长,且能够开花,表明桐花树对淡水环境具有较强的适应性。Abstract: Using artificial sea water (8 g·kg-1 in salinity) as control treatment, the Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings were cultivated in fresh water with constant water level under full sun light for one year in Meizhou city, Guangdong to investigate the effect of fresh water on the growth and development of Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings. The result showed that the stem height, stem diameter, plumular axis diameter of the fresh water groups were significantly lower than those of the artificial sea water group,and the number of leaves of the fresh water groups were extra significantly less than that of the artificial sea water group; whereas no significant difference existed between two groups in such indexes as the plumular axis height, number of stem branches, leaf length, leaf width, ratio of leaf length to width, root length, root diameter and the number of roots cultivation; but the leaf area of the fresh water treatment was 18.11% higher than that of the artificial sea treatment, the differences had reached statistically significant level. At the 180th day, although the dry weight of root, stem and leaf and the total dry weight of fresh water treatment were respectively 12.50%, 18.40%, 16.48% and 16.32% lower than those of the artificial sea treatment, the differences had not reached statistically significant level; and both treatments demonstrated a trend of stem＞leaf＞root in biomass; At the 360th day, although the dry weight of root, stem and leaf and the total dry weight of fresh water treatment were respectively 33.88%,17.48%,28.30% and 26.51% lower than those of the artificial sea treatment, the differences had not reached statistically significcant level; and both treatments demonstrated a trend of leaf>stem>root in biomass. The 1-year-old seedling survival rates of both treatments were above 90%, and the seedlings in both treatments were able to flower, while the flowering date in fresh water treatment was 25 days later than the artificial sea treatment, but the former had 33.82% more flowering plants than that of the artificial treatment. In a conclusion, Aegiceras corniculatum seedlings could normally grow and flower in fresh water, although most of their morphological characteristics were significantly affected by fresh water.
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