不同种源南方红豆杉幼林生长和紫杉醇含量的研究
Growth and Medicinal Content of DifferentProvenances of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei at Young Age
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摘要: 利用在福建明溪和浙江龙泉农田庇荫设施栽培的24个种源的2年生南方红豆杉种源试验林,研究幼林收获期生长、分枝、生物收获量和枝叶紫杉醇含量的种源差异和地理变异模式,并综合选育出一批药用优良种源。结果表明:南方红豆杉幼树树高、当年抽梢长、地径、冠幅、最长侧枝长、当年侧枝数、侧枝总数和鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量等在种源间差异显著,不存在明显的地理变异模式。来自气候温暖但年降水量较少地区的种源生长快、分枝多、树冠浓密。与生长和分枝性状不同,产地年均温低、≥10 ℃积温小的种源其鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量较高,产地年降水量对种源鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量影响较小。南方红豆杉生长和分枝性状不仅存在显著的种源效应,而且存在明显的地点效应和种源×地点互作,栽植地水热资源丰富及适宜栽植密度可显著促进植株的树高和分枝生长及生物收获量的提高。种源生长和分枝性状间呈显著的正相关,而种源鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量与生长、分枝性状和生物收获量则不显著负相关或不显著正相关,有利于生物收获量大、紫杉醇含量高的优良种源选择。依据鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量和产量筛选出安徽黄山、福建柘荣、湖南桑植、贵州黎平、云南石屏5个药用优良种源,其单株鲜枝叶紫杉醇产量大于种源总体平均值的17.65%-25.77%,鲜枝叶紫杉醇含量皆在97 mg·kg-1以上。Abstract: Taxus wallichiana var. mairei provenance trails consisting of 24 seed sources were conducted in shaded farmland located at Mingxi of Fujian and Longquan of Zhejiang, aiming at elucidationg the provenance differences and geographic variation patterns for growth, branch trait, fresh biomass yield and taxol contents at young harvest stage and selecting the superior medical provenances. The results showed significant differences existed among provenances for tree height, root collar diameter, crown width, the size and number of branches and taxol contents of the fresh branch leaves, whereas obvious geographic variation patterns were not observed. The provenances from warmer and less rainfall areas grew faster and had more branches as well as thicker crown. In comparison, the provenances from the areas with lower annual mean temperature and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature had higher taxol content in branches and leaves, whereas significant effect of annual rainfall of the seed sources on the taxol content was not found. Besides significant provenance variation, significant location effect and provenance by location interaction on growth and branch traits were also demonstrated. Better planting site combined with rich water and heat resource and suitable planting density were favorable to accelerate young tree growth and promote fresh biomass harvest yield. Significant positive correlation between young tree growth rate and branch traits was detected; however, the taxol content in branches and leaves was weakly related to the growth rate, branch traits and harvest yield, which were beneficial to the selection of provenances with higher harvest yield and taxol content. Based on the taxol content and the harvest yield, superior medical provenances including Liping of Guizhou, Shiping of Yunnan, Huangshan of Anhui, Zherong of Fujian, Sangzhi of Hunan were selected, all of which exhibited higher taxol content (≥97 mg·kg-1) and taxol yield (17.65%-25.77% higher than the average) in branches and leaves.
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Key words:
- Taxus wallichiana var. mairei
- / growth
- / taxol content
- / geographic variation
- / provenance selection
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