关帝山森林土壤有机碳和氮素的空间变异特征
Spatial Variations of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of Forestland in Guandi Mountain
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摘要: 在庞泉沟自然保护区选择3个生态功能区设置典型样地,运用经典统计学和地统计学方法研究了森林土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮比的空间变异特征及分布格局。结果表明,随着生态系统由人工林→次生演替早期杨桦阔叶林→次生演替中后期云杉、杨、桦混交林顺向演替,土壤有机碳和全氮平均值先增加后减小,碳氮比平均值呈逐渐减小趋势。3指标变异系数在11.74%~64.71%之间,存在中等强度的变异性;人工林土壤有机碳和全氮的变程相对次生林增大,基台值相对减小,表明人工林土壤有机碳和全氮异质性程度较低,空间分布较次生林更趋于均匀化。人工林土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮比的结构方差比在0~64.8%之间,变异具有较弱或中等强度的空间自相关性,次生林土壤上述3指标结构方差比均大于75%(云杉、杨、桦混交林中全氮略低为66.8%),表现出强的空间自相关变异,且随顺向演替的进行,各指标结构方差比呈增加趋势;kriging插值结果表明,人工林土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮比在空间分布上破碎化程度较高,而次生林各指标则呈较规则的斑块状分布。森林土壤有机碳、全氮及碳氮比的空间变异及分布格局特征与森林演替和植被类型、植被受干扰程度及地形等因素有密切关系。Abstract: Classical statistics and geo-statistics were used to analyze the spatial variations and distribution pattern of soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) and C/N ratio of forestland in three ecological areas of Pangquangou National Nature Reserve in Guandi Mountain of Shanxi Province,China. The results showed that the SOC and TN increased firstly but fell off afterwards, the C/N decreased continually with the succession level from artificial forest to secondary broad-leaved forest composed of Betula albo-sinensis, Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana in early phase succession, to secondary Picea, Populus, Betula mixed forest in later stage succession. The coefficient of variation of SOC, TN and C/N varied from 11.74% to 64.71% which showed medium variations. The Range of SOC and TN in artificial forest was larger but still smaller than that in secondary forest, this explained a lower variation degree and more homogeneous spatial distribution of SOC and TN in artificial forest than that in secondary forest. The structural variance ratio of SOC, TN and C/N in artificial forest was in the range of 0－64.8%, which meant a weak or medium spatial autocorrelation, while the structural variance ratio of SOC, TN and C/N in secondary forest was more than 75%, appearing high spatial autocorrelation, and structural variance ratio of the narrated above 3 index showed a increasing trend with progressive succession. Kriged maps showed that SOC, TN and C/N in artificial forest present a high fragmentized distributions but a regular patched distributions. Forest succession, disturbance and toporographic condition have important effects on spatial variation and its characteristics of SOC, TN and C/N of forestland.
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Key words:
- organic carbon
- / nitrogen
- / spatial variation
- / forest soil
- / Guandi Mountain
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