丛生竹秆基各笋目的出笋成竹生物学特性研究
Study on Biological Characteristics of Bamboo Shooting from Base of Sympodial Bamboo Buds
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摘要: 调查了西南地区人工栽培的梁山慈竹、撑绿竹、硬头黄竹着生于秆基两侧的4对大型芽(又叫笋目、芽眼、芽目)的出笋成竹生物学特性,计算各年龄母竹和各笋目位置的出笋率、成竹率、新竹相对生长率。结果表明:随着母竹年龄的增加,出笋成竹能力明显下降,1年生母竹出笋成竹能力最强,2年生母竹迅速下降,3年生母竹基本丧失繁殖能力;各笋目的出笋成竹能力为2目＞头目＞3目＞4目,3目、4目显著低于头目、2目。综合分析母竹年龄和笋目位置表明:1年生母竹的头目、2目萌发力最强,是留笋长竹的最佳笋芽。通过有序样本聚类分析,将3个竹种的出笋期划分为初期、盛期和末期,初期出笋数少但成竹率高,中后期出笋数增加,但成竹率却明显下降;笋目萌发年龄和出笋时间与笋目位置有关,分布在秆基中下部的头目、2目萌发年龄较早,在出笋期的出笋时间也较早,而位于秆基中上部的3目、4目萌发年龄较迟,出笋时间也较晚。根据各笋目的出笋成竹特性,从抚育、间伐和水肥管理等方面提出了调控林分出笋的经营管理对策。Abstract: Sympodial bamboo is an important bamboo resource in China. Three sympodial bamboo plantations (Dendrocalamus farinosus, Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis daii, and Bambusa rigida) planted in Southern Sichuan province were studied. Four pairs bamboo buds which located at stem basal were named at first bud, second bud, third bud and fourth bud from bottom to top in sequence, bamboo shooting and growth of four pairs bamboo buds were surveyed. The survival rate of bamboo shoots, shooting rate and relative growth rate of mother bamboos with different ages and buds location were calculated respectively. The result showed that the reproductive capacity decreased rapidly with increasing age, one-year-old mother bamboo had the best reproductive capability, but decreased quickly in the second year, and the mother bamboo almost lost reproductive capacity in the third year. For different bamboo buds locations, the shooting rate and survival rate of bamboo shoots were in the order of second bud＞first bud＞third bud＞fourth bud, the first and the second buds were significantly higher than the third and the fourth buds. The result of analyzing the effect of age of mother bamboo and bud location on the ability of bamboo shooting showed the germination ability of the first and the second buds at one-year-old mother bamboo were the optimal. By sequential sample cluster analysis, the shooting period was divided into three stages: initial, abundant and final stage. The number of shoots at the initial shooting stage was few, but the survival rate of bamboo shoots was very high, the abundant and final stage showed the opposite situation. Germination age and shooting time of bamboo buds were related with the buds locations, the germination age and shooting time of the first and the second bamboo buds located in middle and lower location were earlier than that of the third and the fourth bamboo buds. Based on their study, the authors proposed some suggestions for tending, intermediate cutting, fertilization and shooting control.
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