落叶松种间及其杂种管胞特征及微纤丝角的变异
Variation Analysis of Tracheid Characteristics and Microfibril Angle Among Species and Hybrids of Larix spp.
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摘要: 对落叶松属4个种及其以日本落叶松为母本的种间杂交组合的早晚材管胞形态和微纤丝角进行了测定分析,研究结果表明:落叶松各管胞特征值及微纤丝角基本符合甚至远超过较优纸浆材筛选要求;落叶松种间及其杂种早晚材管胞形态特征值差异显著或极显著,早、晚材管胞长变幅分别为3 164.45～3 865.26、3 318.51～4 200.87 μm,早、晚材管胞长宽比变幅分别为57.10～72.93、117.95～146.50,早晚材管胞径向腔径变幅分别为38.96～46.68、10.76～12.92 μm,日本落叶松早晚材纤维长、纤维长宽比均显著高于华北、长白及兴安落叶松,从管胞特征值分析,日本落叶松较其它3种落叶松更具制浆造纸应用潜力;3个同母本种间杂交组合的多数指标表现出近母本且超父本的优势,尤其以日×长(R2)、日×兴(R3)杂种超父本的优势更为明显;早晚材管胞长度有随年龄增长而增大的趋势,之后逐步达到稳定值,属PashinⅡ型,早晚材管胞宽和早材管胞径向腔径则随年龄增长变化不大,而晚材径向腔径表现出随年龄增加缓慢下降的趋势。综合管胞特征径向变化趋势,初步确定落叶松纸浆材工艺成熟期为15～20年,超过20年晚材壁腔比增加,影响制浆造纸品质。Abstract: The variations in tracheid characteristics of earlywood and latewood of 4 species of Larix spp. and their hybrids with L. kaempferi as female parent were studied. The results are as follows: The tracheid characteristics and microfibril angle met or surpassed the requirements needed for superior pulp and paper properties. There were significant or extremely significant differences in the tracheid characteristics of earlywood and latewood among the species and hybrids. The variations of tracheid length for earlywood and latewood were 3 164.45-3 865.26 μm and 3 318.51-4 200.87 μm respectively. The ratios of tracheid length to width varied between 57.10 and 72.93 and 117.95 and 146.50 for earlywood and latewood separately. And that for internal diameter in radial direction were 38.96-46.68 μm and 10.76-12.92 μm for earlywood and latewood individually. Both of the tracheid lengths and the ratios of tracheid length to width for earlywood and latewood of L. kaempferi were larger than that of L. principis-rupprechtii, L. olgensis and L. gmelini. L. kaempferi is more suitable to be used as pulp and paper raw material than the other three species of based on the tracheid characteristics. Most of the tracheid characteristics of the 3 hybrids were closer to that of L. kaempferi 81, the female parent, and surpassed that of their paternal, especially the interspecific hybrids of L. kaempferi × L. olgensis, and L. kaempferi × L. gmelinii far surpassed the values of their paternal species. The radial variation of tracheid length, which is belonged to PashinⅡ, increased sharply at first and then kept at a steady values both for earlywood and latewood. The radial variation of tracheid width for earlywood and latewood and the tracheid internal diameter in radial direction for earlywood did not change much with age. However the tracheid internal diameter in radial direction for latewood displayed decreased tendency during the observed period. The technical maturity of Larch stands for pulp and paper using should be between 15 and 20 years old according the radial variation in tracheid traits. The young trees of Larix spp. which are under 20 years old are more suitable for pulp and paper than older ones because of ratios of wall to cavity for latewood of the older are larger which would affect the quality of paper.
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Key words:
- Larix spp.
- / species
- / hybrid
- / tracheid characteristic
- / microfibril angle
- / variation
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