六盘山主要植被类型的生物量及其分配
Biomass and Its Allocation of the Main Vegetation Types in Liupan Mountains
-
摘要: 2009年,在宁夏六盘山南部林区香水河小流域,调查研究了主要森林类型的生物量及其层次和器官分配。结果表明:不同森林的活体植被总生物量(t·hm-2)差别较大,依次为华山松(102.70)>桦木林(84.42)>山杨林(79.97)>华北落叶松人工林(58.37)>疏林(44.91),按各类森林面积加权平均为78.37,远高于灌丛(20.77)、草地(1.07)和草甸(2.29)。各类森林的枯落物现存量(t·hm-2)为:华北落叶松人工林(18.21)>华山松林(11.99)>桦木林(10.90)>山杨林(7.67)>疏林(7.06),也都远高于灌木林(3.13)、草甸(0.82)和草地(0.49)。森林生物量集中在乔木层(占91.04%),灌木层仅占8.09%,草本层更低至0.87%。森林生物量的器官分配比例:乔木层为树干(54.06%)>枝(21.04%)>根(16.92%)>皮(5.34%)>叶(2.65%);灌木层为枝干(62.68%)>根(30.55%)>叶(6.77%);草本层为地上茎叶(58.82%)>根(41.18%)。乔木层地上与地下生物量比值的平均值为4.49,几种阔叶林都在4.0左右,但华北落叶松林为6.41,华山松林为5.80,都远大于灌木林的2.82、草地的1.89及草甸的1.20。不同林分的生物量均随林龄和林冠郁闭度的增大而几乎线性增加,并随林分密度的增加而增大,但在密度超过900株·hm-2后生物量增速减缓并渐趋其最大值。Abstract: In 2009, the biomass and its allocation among vegetation layers and organs were invested for the main forest types in the small watershed of Xiangshuihe, which locates at the southern part of Liupan Mountains. The results showed that there was an obvious difference in the total living biomass among different forest types, which followed the order of Pinus armandii forest (102.70 t·hm-2) > Birch forest (84.42 t·hm-2)>Populus davidiana forest(79.97 t·hm-2)>Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation (58.37 t·hm-2)>open forest (44.91 t·hm-2). The area-weighted average of biomass of all forests investigated was 78.37 t·hm-2, which was much higher than that of shrubs (20.77 t·hm-2), grassland (1.07 t·hm-2) and meadow (2.29 t·hm-2). The order of litter biomass of each forest type was Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation (18.21 t·hm-2)>Pinus armandii forest (11.99 t·hm-2)>Birch forest (10.90 t·hm-2)>Populus davidiana (7.67 t·hm-2)>open forest (7.06 t·hm-2), all of them was also much higher than that of shrubs (3.13 t·hm-2), meadow (0.82 t·hm-2) and grassland (0.49 t·hm-2). Most of the biomass in forest ecosystems concentrated in the tree layer with a ratio of 91.04%, while the ratio amounted to only 8.09% for the shrub layer and even 0.87% for the herb layer. The organ allocation of biomass in forest ecosystems was trunk (54.06%)>branch (21.04%)>root (16.92%)>bark (5.34%)>leaf (2.65%) for the tree layer, while it was stem and branch (62.68%)>root (30.55%)>leaf (6.77%) for the shrubs layer, and over-ground shoot (58.32%)>root (41.18%) for the herb layer. The averaged ratio of above-to underground biomass for the tree layer of all forest types investigated was 4.49, while it was around 4.0 for the broadleaf forest types, 6.41 for the Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation and 5.80 for the Pinus armandii forest; all of those were higher than that of shrubs (2.82), grassland (1.89) and meadow (1.20). The forest biomass increased nearly linearly with increasing forest age and canopy density within the range of the investigation. The forest biomass also increased rapidly with increasing stand density before the density reaches a threshold of 900 trees·hm-2; thereafter the biomass increased more slowly and towards its maximum. The forest biomass in Liupan Mountains is higher compared with that in the similar regions, showing a good result of the forest protection in last decades.
-
Key words:
- Liupan Mountains
- / vegetation
- / biomass
- / stand structure
- / organ
- / allocation
-
[1] Brown S, Gillespie A, Lugo A. Biomass estimation methods for tropical forests with applications to forest inventory data [J]. Forest Science, 1989, 35(4): 881-902 [2] Brown S, Lugo A. Aboveground biomass estimates for tropical moist forests of the Brazilian Amazon [J]. Interciencia. Caracas, 1992, 17(1): 8-18 [3] Cairns M, Brown S, Helmer E, et al. Root biomass allocation in the worlds upland forests [J]. Oecologia, 1997, 111(1): 1-11 [4] Dong J, Kaufmann R, Myneni R, et al. Remote sensing estimates of boreal and temperate forest woody biomass: carbon pools, sources, and sinks [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2003, 84(3): 393-410 [5] Gehring C, Park S, Denich M. Liana allometric biomass equations for Amazonian primary and secondary forest [J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004,195(1-2): 69-83 [6] Houghton R, Lawrence K, Hackler J, et al. The spatial distribution of forest biomass in the Brazilian Amazon: a comparison of estimates [J]. Global Change Biology, 2001, 7(7): 731-746 [7] Müller I, Schmid B, Weiner J. The effect of nutrient availability on biomass allocation patterns in 27 species of herbaceous plants [J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 2000, 3(2): 115-127 [8] 林开敏, 黄定龙. 杉木成熟林林下植物生物量及其取样技术研究[J]. 福建林学院学报, 2001, 21(1): 28-31 [9] 田大伦, 项文化, 闫文德. 马尾松与湿地松人工林生物量动态及养分循环特征[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24(10): 2207-2210 [10] 邹春静, 卜 军. 长白松人工林群落生物量和生产力的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 1995, 6(2): 123-127 [11] 李意德, 张振才. 尖峰岭热带山地雨林生物量的初步研究[J]. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 1992, 16(4):293-300 [12] 吕晓涛, 唐建维, 何有才, 等. 西双版纳热带季节雨林的生物量及其分配特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(1): 11-22 [13] 刘 申, 罗 艳, 黄钰辉, 等. 鼎湖山五种植被类型群落生物量及其径级分配特征[J]. 生态科学, 2007, 26(5): 387-393 [14] 李 军, 王学春, 邵明安, 等. 黄土高原半干旱和半湿润地区刺槐林地生物量与土壤干燥化效应的模拟[J]. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(3):330-339 [15] 阮成江, 李代琼. 黄土丘陵区沙棘地上部生物量估测量估测模型[J]. 陕西林业科技,1999(2):5-9 [16] 刘江华, 徐学选, 杨 光, 等. 黄土丘陵区小流域次生灌丛群落生物量研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(8): 1362-1366 [17] 王金叶, 车克钧. 祁连山水源涵养林生物量的研究[J]. 福建林学院学报, 1998, 18(4):319-323 [18] 程堂仁, 马钦彦, 冯仲科, 等. 甘肃小陇山森林生物量研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 31-36 [19] 罗云建, 张小全, 王效科, 等. 华北落叶松人工林生物量及其分配模式[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2009, 31(1): 13-18 [20] 方精云. 北半球中高纬度的森林碳库可能远小于目前的估算[J]. 植物生态学报, 2000, 24(5): 635-638 [21] 方精云, 徐嵩龄. 我国森林植被的生物量和净生产量[J]. 生态学报, 1996, 16(5): 497-508 [22] 李高飞, 任 海. 中国不同气候带各类型森林的生物量和净第一性生产力[J]. 热带地理, 2004, 24(4): 306-310 [23] 方宗辉. 福建省杉木人工林生物量及其分配研究[J]. 福建林业科技, 2005, 32(3):82-85 [24] 方运霆, 莫江明, 彭少麟, 等.森林演替在南亚热带森林生态系统碳吸存中的作用[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(9): 1685-1694 [25] 樊后保, 李燕燕, 苏兵强, 等. 马尾松-阔叶树混交异龄林生物量与生产力分配格局[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(8): 2463-2473 [26] 吴建国, 张小全, 徐德应, 等. 六盘山林区几种土地利用方式植被活体生物量C贮量的研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006,19(3): 277-283 [27] 肖兴威. 中国森林生物量与生产力的研究[D].哈尔滨: 东北林业大学, 2005 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3334
- HTML全文浏览量: 223
- PDF下载量: 1447
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
