藏东南德姆拉山西坡及波密河谷蚂蚁群落研究
Ant Communities of West Slope of Mount Demula and Bomi Valley in Southeastern Tibet
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摘要: 采用样地调查法和搜索调查法研究了藏东南德姆拉山西坡及波密河谷11块样地的蚂蚁群落。采获蚁科昆虫3亚科10属27种,多数物种为稀有种。调查数据显示,样地的物种数目0～11种(平均5.9种),个体密度0～1 706.2头·m-2(平均270.7头·m-2),多样性指数0.346 1～1.207 3(平均值0.795 3),均匀度0.215 0～0.770 3(平均值0.474 6),优势度指数0.383 5～0.811 9(平均值0.578 4)。在垂直带上,个体密度随海拔升高大体呈现降低趋势,山体中部物种数目低于山体下部和上部。各样地蚂蚁群落的多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数没有呈现规律性变化,但均匀度与优势度成负相关关系。蚂蚁群落的多样性和稳定性同时受到海拔高度、地貌条件和植被状况的影响。蚂蚁群落相似性系数表明不同样地蚂蚁群落间差异显著,说明藏东南德姆拉山生态系统中生境存在明显差异性。Abstract: In order to reveal the ecological role of ant communities in southeastern Tibet, ant communities of 11 sample plots from Mount Demula and Bomi Valley were investigated with sample-plot and search-collecting methods. In total, 27 species belonging to 3 subfamilies and 10 genera of Formicidae are recognized, in which most are rare species. The results showed that the species numbers in the sample plots ranged between 0～11 (5.9 in average), the individual densities ranged between 0～1 706.2 heads·m-2(270.7 heads·m-2 in average), the diversity indexes ranged between 0.346 1～1.207 3 (0.795 3 in average), the evenness indexes ranged between 0.215 0～0.770 3 (0.474 6 in average), and the dominant indexes ranged between 0.383 5～0.811 9 (0.578 4 in average). The data showed that, in general, the individual densities decreased with the altitude rising. Species numbers from plots at middle position were lower than those at upper and lower positions of the mountain slope. No regular changes were found for the indexes of diversity, evenness and dominance, however, the evenness indexes showed a negative correlation with the dominant indexes. These phenomena showed that the diversity and stability of ant communities may be influenced by altitude, landforms and vegetation situations. Similarity analysis showed significant differences between ant communities from different plots, which well responsed to the significant difference in ecological habitats of Mount Demula.
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Key words:
- Formicidae
- / species diversity
- / community similarity
- / Tibet
- / Mt. Hengduan
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