巨龙竹资源分布特点及其开花结实现象
Distribution Characteristics, Flowering and Seeding of Dendrocalamus sinicus in Yunnan, China
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摘要: 巨龙竹Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun是云南特有的重要经济竹种之一,为了保护和开发巨龙竹资源,本文调查了18个典型的巨龙竹种群,并对近6年来巨龙竹开花结实现象进行了分析。研究结果显示巨龙竹分布区域十分狭窄,以滇西南的沧源、西盟和孟连3个县为中心,集中分布于22°09' 23°30 'N,98°56' 99°37' E,海拔1 000~1 500 m之间的低中山区。同时,巨龙竹秆型依照分布区由南向北表现出明显的弯曲型——弯曲型与通直型混生(混生型)——通直型的变化趋势。种群平均胸径与分布区海拔之间呈现极显著的正相关关系。巨龙竹野外多见零星开花,以通直型为主,但结实少见且结实率低,约为0.34%~0.64%,这可能主要是由于个体零星开花以及小花雌雄异熟等原因造成的结果。土蜂Apis cerana Fabricius的访问可能是巨龙竹有性繁殖中传粉的重要补充方式。Abstract: Dendrocalamus sinicus Chia et J. L. Sun is one of the endemic and the most important economic bamboo species in Yunnan Province, China. In order to protect and excavate the native germplasm resources of this species, 18 typical populations were investigated and the flowering and seeding of D.sinicus in Yunnan Province in the past years were analyzed. The results show that D.sinicus is narrowly distributed in Southwest Yunnan, with the distribution centre locates in the lower and medium mountain areas at the altitude of 1 000 1 500 m above sea level in Cangyuan, Ximeng and Menglian Counties, ranging in 22°09' 23°30'N, 98°56' 99°37'E. Meanwhile, from south to north within distributions, the culm type of D.sinicus shows an obvious trend as from bending-culmed, mixed type, to straight-culmed. The average diameter at the breast height is significantly and positively correlated with the altitude of populations. Sporadic flowering of D.sinicus was observed in the wild, especially for the straight-culmed type, while the seed setting was rare, and the seed setting rates were as low as from 0.34% to 0.64%, which may be mainly due to sporadic flowering of individual culms or clumps and protogynous flowers. Apis cerana Fabricius may be one of the important pollinators of D.sinicus.
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Key words:
- Dendrocalamus sinicus
- / resources distribution
- / culm type
- / regression analysis
- / flowering and seeding
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