浙江省农家柿品种数量分类研究
Research on Quantitative Classification of Native Persimmon Varieties in Zhejiang Province
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摘要: 对浙江省76份农家柿品种进行表型分析与数量分类研究。结果表明:描述性状呈现多样性,果实、叶片、枝条等组织器官形态特征均有丰富的变化;数量性状各指标变异系数为0.11~0.88,变异程度较高。对农家柿品种进行数量性状分级:当以单果质量81、123 g为分级点划分时,小果型品种占30%,大果型品种占30%,中果型品种占40%;当以果形指数0.9和1.1为分级点划分时,扁果形品种占30%,圆果形品种占40%,长果形品种占30%。对表型指标进行主成分分析,前4个主成分可归纳出综合因子,第1、2、4主成分分别归纳为果实综合因子、叶片综合因子、枝条综合因子,第3主成分主要与果实性状有关,并可去除特征向量值绝对值在0.50以下的指标,实现指标的优化;对优化的指标进行Q聚类分析,在不同分划线和阈值处,各类群特征表现各异,聚类结果与柿传统形态学分类较相符,并可将金枣柿系列和其它柿品种明显分为两类;R聚类分析则显示较多果实性状聚为一类,枝条、叶片等性状并未有明显规律,但却发现一些与柿营养生长相关的表型性状聚为一类。本研究也初步解决了农家柿品种中存在的同名异物和同物异名现象,通过观察比较和聚类分析,最终确认这76份农家柿品种实际品种数量为68个。Abstract: The phenotype analysis and quantitative classification were carried on 76 native persimmon varieties of Zhejiang Province. The results showed that the descriptive traits took on diversification, and fruit, leaf, branches and other tissues or organs had rich variation on morphological characteristics. The coefficient of variation of quantitative traits was ranged from 0.11 to 0.88, which showed higher variation. The results of classifying the quantitative traits on the native persimmon showed that when taking the fruit weight of 81 g and 123 g as the division points, the small weight fruit accounted for 30%, the large weight fruit for 30%, and the middle weight fruit for 40%; when taking the fruit shape index of 0.9 and 1.1 as the division points, the flat-shaped fruit accounted for 30%, the round-shaped fruit for 40%, and the long-shaped fruit for 30%. With the principal component analysis on phenotype indicator, all the first four principal components could be summarized as comprehensive factors. The first, second and fourth principal components were respectively summarized as fruit integrated factor, leaves integrated factor, and branches integrated factor, and the third principal component was mainly related with the fruit characters. The indicators of low contribution could be removed to achieve the target of indicator optimization. The Q cluster analysis was carried with those optimization indicators, and each group had different feature on different division line and threshold value, and the clustering results were consistent with the traditional morphological classification of persimmon, and the Jinzaoshi persimmon series and other persimmons could be clearly divided into two groups. The R cluster analysis showed that many fruit characters were clustered as a group, and branches, leaves and other traits had not obvious rule to follow, but it was found that some phenotypic traits associated with persimmon vegetative growth were clustered as a group. The paper also resolved the problem of homonym and synonym, and by observation and cluster analysis, it was confirmed that in fact, the 76 native persimmon varieties belong to 68 native persimmon varieties.
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