云杉花粉的贮藏及萌发研究
Study on Storage and Bourgeoning of Spruce Pollen
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摘要: 研究了云杉花粉在离体培养条件下,蔗糖浓度、pH值、贮藏条件对其萌发和花粉管生长的影响,同时还优化了培养基的组分配比。结果表明:培养基中蔗糖浓度和pH值对云杉花粉的萌发影响显著,并有明显的交互效应。蔗糖低浓度和高浓度都不利于云杉花粉的萌发。不同的云杉种对培养基中蔗糖浓度要求不同,粗枝云杉和欧洲云杉花粉萌发的适宜培养基的蔗糖浓度和pH 值分别为7.5％、5.5,10％、5.5。在暗培养条件下,欧洲云杉花粉6 h开始萌发,粗枝云杉8 h开始萌发,欧洲云杉较粗枝云杉提早2 h,同时欧洲云杉花粉萌发率总体高于粗枝云杉;欧洲云杉花粉管的生长历程为20~22 h,而粗枝云杉为16 h左右;欧洲云杉的花粉管长度比粗枝云杉长10 μm以上。2种云杉不同个体基因型间的花粉萌发率和花粉管长度存在极显著差异。贮藏方法对花粉的生活力有很大影响,在云杉花粉保存过程中温度是主要条件,冷冻比冷藏好,不宜常温保存。Abstract: The effects of sucrose concentration, pH value and storage conditions on germination and pollen tube growth of in vitro cultured spruce were studied, and the ingredients of culture medium were optimized. The results showed that the effect of sucrose concentration and pH value on spruce pollen’s germination was significant, and also a clear threshold effect existed. Low or high concentration of sucrose was not conducive to the pollen’s germination, it was found that 10% of which was more suitable to the in vitro culture of spruce pollen; different spruce species required different concentrations of sucrose medium, 7.5% of sucrose concentration medium was better to pollen tube germination of Picea asperata, but 10% of which was the best medium to that of Picea abies. Both pH 4.5 and 6.5 had restrained action on pollen germinating rate of spruce, and the growth of pollen tubes. Under dark culture conditions, the P. abies began to germinate in the 6 h, but the P. asperata germinated in 8 h, the P. abies was 2 hours in advance and in the mass germinating power was higher than that of P. asperata; the growth process of P. abies was 20-22 h, and that of P. asperata was about 16 h; The pollen tubes of P. abies was over 10 μm longer in length than that of P. asperata. There were significant differences of germinating power and length of pollen tubes between genotypes of two different individuals of both spruces. The storage methods had great influence on the viability of pollen. In the process of pollen preservation, temperature was the key factor, cryopreservation was better than cold storage and room temperature preservation was unfavorable.
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Key words:
- pollen of spruce
- / vitality
- / culture medium
- / storage method
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