福建省乡村庭院林结构特征研究
Study on the Structure Characteristics of Village Courtyard Forest in Fujian Province
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摘要: 运用分层随机抽样法,对福建省88个乡村的庭院林进行调查,结果表明:福建省乡村庭院林植物组成丰富,共计86科、186属、245种。按植物材料划分,种类和数量组成呈现乔木>草本>灌木>藤本的趋势;按村庄类型划分,种类呈现沿海型>平地型>半山型>山区型,植株数量分布呈现沿海型>平地型>山区型>半山型,植物组成以林果和观赏用途植物为主。出现频率较高的庭院植物有桂花、龙眼、榕树、桃树、柿树、梨树、棕榈等。相似度表现为乔木>灌木>草本>藤本,其中,平地型和沿海型乔木相似度最高。庭院林以乡土植物为主,外来植物仅占总体比重的16.17%,且以草本的比重最高,其次为乔木,而灌木和藤本比重相对较低。植物健康状况总体优秀,其中健康植物、正常植物和不健康植物所占比重分别为5.64%、89.72%、4.64%。庭院林近期种植植物数量比重仅占9.61%,其中,近期种植植物主要为乔木和草本,多以观赏型、食用性、名贵性为主。Abstract: The stratified sampling method was adopted to investigate the courtyard forest of 88 villages in Fujian province, results showed that plants were very rich ,including 86 families, 186 genera and 245 species. The order of floristic species and amount from greatest to smallest were arbor, herbage,shrub and vine. In different type village, the floristic species order from greatest to smallest were coastal type village, flat type village,hill type village and mountainous type village, but the amount order were coastal type village, flat type village, mountainous type and hill type village. The main plants were composed of ornamental and fruit plants. The application of high frequency plants were Osmanthus fragrans, Dimocarpus longgana, Ficus microcarpa,Amygdalus persica,Diospyros kaki,Pyrus sorotina,Trachycarpus fortunei and so on. The order of plant similarity were arbor, shrub, herbage and vine, the highest arbor similarity were the two groups between flat type village and coastal type village. The courtyard forest was dominated by native plants, the exotic plants occupied only 16.17%, the highest proportion of exotic plants was herbage, followed by arbor. The plant health status was excellent, the proportion of health plants, fair plants and poor plants accounted for 5.64%、89.72%、4.64%. Amount of recent-plant plants mainly for arbor and herbage, occupied only 9.61%, mainly belonged to ornamental, edible, expensive plants.
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