Abstract: Microtubule protein, one key component of cytoskeleton, plays an important regulation role in the development process of cells. An homologue gene of Tua3 was isolated from the leaves of Phyllostachys edulis through RT-PCR method and designed as PeTua3. The open reading frame of PeTua3 was 1 356 bp encoding 451 aa. A prokaryotic expression vector pET-32b-PeTua3 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli for expression induced by IPTG. There was significant discrepancy in protein expression efficiency under different temperature and induced time. The best condition for PeTua3 expression was at 37 ℃ for 2 h induced by 0.4 mmol·L-1 IPTG. The seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with the recombination protein of PeTua3, the phenotype showed that the epicotyl of seedlings thickened obviously and the quantity of lateral roots increased significantly. The ultra-thin sectioning microscopy showed that the parenchyma cells were more and bigger, and the vascular bundles were thicker in epicotyl and main root of the treated seedlings than those of controls.