松墨天牛对云南松的分解作用分析
Decomposition Effects of Monochamus alternatus on Pinus yunnanensis
-
摘要: 为探索松墨天牛取食对林木的分解作用,本文通过对松墨天牛幼虫及成虫取食量的测定,寄主云南松韧皮组织及松墨天牛幼虫排泄物成分对比分析,并与资源利用相同的木材微生物分解能力进行对比,阐明了松墨天牛作为分解者的重要分解作用。研究表明,松墨天牛幼虫期(约为55 d)取食分解林木生物量平均为12.42 g(24.40 cm3),成虫期取食分解林木生物量平均为12.87 g(25.28 cm3);松墨天牛幼虫对糖类物质的利用度很高,具有较强的纤维分解利用能力,取食分解后总糖减少83.58%,粗纤维减少23.87%,1头松墨天牛幼虫期分解的林木粗纤维质量为1.93 g,分解利用率为0.008 g·d-1。松墨天牛对林木的分解证明,天牛作为一种重要的林木分解的先驱者,可以分解林木,更重要的是松墨天牛攻击亚健康林木,为微生物分解林木提供了容易入侵的途径,加速了亚健康林木的分解与循环,在森林生态系统物质分解与循环中具有重要的促进作用。Abstract: In order to explore the effects of Monochamus alternatus’ feeding on tree decomposition, the feeding amounts of larvae and adults M.alternatus were measured, the composition of phloem tissue of Pinus yunnanensis and the excrement of larvae M.alternatus were analyzed, and of the difference of decomposition abilities between M. alternatus and wood microorganisms were compared. The results indicated that the average tree biomass decomposed during larval phase of M. alternatus was 12.42 g (24.40 cm3), and 12.87 g (25.28 cm3) was decomposed in adulthood. The carbohydrate consuming was highly large for larva M.alternatus, so was the decomposition of fibre. The total sugar reduced by 83.58% and crude fibre decreased by 23.87% after feeding and digesting. One beetle could decompose 1.93g of crude fibre during larval phase, and the decomposition rate was 0.008 g·d-1. The results prove that M. alternatus, as an important pioneer of tree decomposing, can decompose trees. What's more, the progress that M. alternatus attacks sub-healthy trees will pave the way for microorganisms' infestation and decomposition; the beetle will quickens the decomposition and circulation of sub-healthy trees and plays an important role in material decomposition and circulation as decomposer in forest ecosystem.
-
Key words:
- Monochamus alternatus
- / Pinus yunnanensis
- / feeding
- / decomposition
- / circulation of materials
-
[1] 尚玉昌.普通生态学(第三版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010,420-424 [2] Carpenter S E, Harmon M E, Ingham E R, et al. Early Patterns of Heterotroph Activity in Conifer Logs[J]. Proc Royal Soc Edinburgh, 1988, 94B, 33-43 [3] Edmonds R L, Eglitis A. The role of the Douglas-fir beetle and wood borers in the decomposition of and nutrient release from Douglas-fir logs[J]. Can J For Res, 1989, 19, 853-859 [4] Martikainen P, Siitonen J, Kaila L, et al. Bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) and associated beetle species in mature managed and old-growth boreal forests in southern Finland[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, 116, 233-245 [5] Schowalter T D, Caldwell B A, Carpenter S E, et al. Decomposition of fallen trees: effects of initial conditions and heterotroph colonization rates[M]// Singh K P,Singh l S. "Tropical Ecosystems: Ecology and Management", Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi,1992, 373-383 [6] 曹月青,殷幼平,董亚敏,等.桑粒肩天牛肠道纤维素分解细菌的分离和鉴定[J].微生物学通报,2001,28(1):9-11 [7] 杨宝君,朱克恭,周元生.中国松材线虫病的流行与治理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995 [8] 朱克恭.松材线虫病研究综述[J].世界林业研究,1995,8(4):28-33 [9] 孙绪艮,崔为友.松材线虫病与松墨天牛研究概况[J].山东林业科技,2001(1):44-47 [10] 黄金水,何学友.我国松材线虫病研究现状及福建省防范对策的探讨[J].福建林业科技,2001,28(4):12-17 [11] 赵锦年,应 杰.松墨天牛取食为害与松树枯死关系的研究[J].林业科学,1989,25(5):432-438 [12] 张世渊,来燕学,周成枚,等.松褐天牛成虫补充营养取食研究[J].浙江林业科技,1998,18(2):44-48 [13] 柴希民,蒋 平,崔鹏程,等.松褐天牛成虫补充营养特性研究[J]. 浙江林业科技,2001,21(1):9-12 [14] 曾黄元,杜官本,王昌命,等.几种木材处理方式对云南松人工林的云南松材剖面密度影响的研究[J].西部林业科学,2006,35(3):68-71 [15] 刘晨娟,蔡 皓,李 庆,等.桑粒肩天牛肠道木质纤维素分解细菌的分离和鉴定[J].化学与生物工程,2010,27(7):66-68 [16] Buswell J A, Odier E. Lignin biodegradation. CRC Crit[J]. Rev Biotechnol,1987,6:1-60 [17] 池玉杰,于 钢.6种木材白腐菌对山杨材木质素分解能力的研究[J].林业科学,2002,38(5):115-120 [18] 程 煜,陈 灿,范海兰,等.不同坡向对木荷马尾松凋落物分解及养分释放速率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(31):6-17 [19] 吴志显.八种城市旱垂柳林木材腐朽菌分解能力的测定[J].中国森林病虫,2009,28(2):4-6 [20] 何 伟,王中康,陈金华,等.Bt杀虫基因在桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道内生优势菌中的转化研究[J].氨基酸和生物资源,2008,30(3):5-10 [21] 袁秀洁,唐秀光,李会平,等.几株桑天牛成虫肠道优势细菌的分离与鉴定[J].蚕业科学,2011,37(2):181-186 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 3191
- HTML全文浏览量: 193
- PDF下载量: 1508
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
