柿果生理性病害顶腐病发病规律调查研究
Survey and Study on Occurrence Regularity of Persimmon Fruits Disorder Top Rot Disease
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摘要: 以广西、山西、陕西、云南不同树龄的涩柿品种‘恭城水柿’、甜柿品种‘阳丰’和‘次郎’为材料，调查柿果顶腐病发生时期、病害症状及落果时间，柿果顶腐病与果园立地、树龄、树势等因素的关系。结果表明：柿果顶腐病发生在柿果膨大、转色期；发病部位在果实中上部；‘恭城水柿’和‘阳丰’柿果的病害始发部位是顶部果皮或少许皮下果肉，由外而内发病，而‘次郎’是内部果肉先发病，病害由内而外扩展。‘恭城水柿’、‘次郎’病果软化速度较快，‘阳丰’软化较慢，病果集中落果时间分别为症状初现后的15、20、35 d左右；树势弱的柿园发病重；‘恭城水柿’平地柿园较山地柿园发病重；‘次郎’、 ‘阳丰’病果率和树体结果量呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为-0.872、-0.895；‘阳丰’、‘次郎’病果比一般健果大，树冠上层发病较下层重，外侧发病较内部重。调查结果为进一步研究柿果顶腐病病因及制定防治方法提供了科学依据。Abstract: Taking different aged persimmon varieties of ‘Gongchengshuishi’ (PCA cultivar), ‘Youhou’ and 'Jiro’ (PCNA cultivar) from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Shaanxi Province and Yunnan Province as material, the occurrence time, disease symptoms, fruit drop time of persimmon fruit top rot disease, and the relationship between the disease and orchard site, tree age and other factors were investigated. The results showed that the disease occurred in veraison stage. The originating site of the disease of ‘Gongchengshuishi’ and ‘Yoho’ fruits was on the top of a little skin peel or pulp, then developed from outside to inside, while in ‘Jiro’ it started from flesh, developed from inside to outside. The speed of turning soft of infected fruits of ‘Gongchengshuishi’ and ‘Jiro’ were faster than those of ‘Youhou’. The sick fruits of ‘Gongchengshuishi’, ‘Jiro’ and ‘Youhou’ dropped respectively in 15, 20, 35 days after the appearance of the disease. The disease was more serious in weak trees. For ‘Gongchengshuishi’, the disease of orchards in flat area was more serious than in orchards in mountains. A strong negative relation was found between the disease and fruits amount of tree of ‘Youhou’ and ‘Jiro’, the correlation coefficients were: -0.872 and -0.895. The infected fruits of ‘Youhou’ and ‘Jiro’ were bigger than the healthy ones. For ‘Youhou’ and ‘Jiro’, the disease was more serious in upper and external canopy than lower and internal parts.
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Key words:
- persimmon
- / physiological disease
- / top rot disease
- / occurrence regularity
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