美洲黑杨及其杂种F1无性系光合特性的研究
Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics of Populus deltoides and Their F1 Hybrid Clones
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摘要: 以美洲黑杨杂种F1代及亲本为研究材料,对叶面积、气体交换指标、气孔特征和RuBP羧化酶活性等进行测定,以揭示美洲黑杨亲本与杂交子代的光合速率、气孔特征、RuBP羧化酶活性差异及其相互之间的关系,进而探讨美洲黑杨不同生长势子代形成的生物学机理. 结果表明:与亲本和低亲子代相比,超高亲子代 H1、H2的光合面积(单叶面积和单株叶面积)最大、光合生产率(平均超母本46.22%,超父本66.37%)、叶绿素含量最高(平均超母本280.09%,超父本452.29%)、RuBP羧化酶活性最大(平均超母本20.79%,超父本58.56%),上、下表皮数量比和气孔频度最大,光饱和点最高(平均为2 189.33 μmol·m-2·s-1),而光补偿点、表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率最低,使其具有更广的光强适应能力,高效的光能吸收、转化和碳固定速率,并促进干物质积累和器官形态建成,从而提高生长速度. 单株叶面积、光合生产率和叶绿素含量可作为生长量评选的间接指标.Abstract: In order to observe the divergence and relationship between photosynthetic rate, stomatal characteristics and RuBPCase activity among Populus deltoides Bartr. parents and their F1 hybrids and interpret biological mechanism of different growth vigor of P. deltoides, leaf area, gas exchange, stomatal characteristics and RuBPCase activity of intraspecific F1 hybrids and parents of P. deltoides were measured. The results showed that compared with parents and lower-parents F1 hybrids, the better-parent F1 hybrids possessed the largest photosynthetic area (including single leaf area and leaf area per plant), the highest photosynthetic productivity (the average of H1 and H2 was 46.22% higher than maternal parent and 66.37% higher than paternal parent), chlorophyll content (the average of H1 and H2 was 280.09% higher than maternal parent and 452.29% higher than paternal parent), RuBPcase activity (the average of H1 and H2 was 20.79% higher than maternal parent and 58.56% higher than paternal parent), the ratio of stomatal number of upper epidermis and lower epidermis and stomatal frequency as well as light saturation point (the average of H1 and H2 was 2189.33 μmol·m-2·s-1). Meanwhile, light compensation point, apparent quantum yield, dark respiration rate of better-parent F1 hybrids were lower than those of parents and lower-parent F1 hybrids. These characteristics of better-parents F1 hybrids might contribute to broaden light intensity adaptability, accelerate rate of energy absorption conversion and carbon fixation, enhance the ability of dry matter accumulation and organ morphogenesis and improve the growth rate. The leaf area per plant, photosynthetic productivity and chlorophyll content could be used as indicators for evaluating the growth. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first principal components of P. deltoides' photosynthetic index were photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, RuBPCase activity, single leaf area, leaf area per plant and photosynthetic productivity, while the second principal component were the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, stomata length and ratio of stomatal number of upper epidermis to lower epidermis, respectively.
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Key words:
- Populus deltoids
- / F1 hybrids
- / growth vigor
- / photosynthesis
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