近自然化改造对杉木人工林物种多样性的影响
Effect of Close-to-Nature Management on Species Diversity in a Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation
-
摘要: 在广西凭祥市热林中心青山实验场设置杉木人工林近自然化改造样地,进行3种间伐强度处理(75%、55%、35%),均匀套种4种阔叶树。改造5年后,研究不同间伐强度近自然经营对群落组成、物种多样性和林分生长状况的影响。结果表明:近自然化改造5年后,乔、灌、草3层的物种数明显增加,灌草层的优势种有所变化,但各间伐处理的优势物种大致相同;各间伐处理的灌木层物种多样性指数无显著差异;改造后各处理草本层物种多样性指数均高于未改造的纯林,各处理草本层的Simpon指数和均匀度指数均显著高于改造前的纯林。杉木胸径随间伐强度的增大而增加且差异显著,但各处理间树高无显著差异;套种的4种阔叶树的胸径、树高随间伐强度的增大而增加,大叶栎、红椎的胸径、树高生长量在不同间伐处理林分中有显著差异;高间伐强度改造的杉木人工林适合套种阳性树种大叶栎、米老排和中性树种红椎,中等间伐强度改造的杉木人工林适合套种耐阴性树种润楠。Abstract: The study was conducted in a Cunninghamia lanceolata stand under close-to-nature management, with three different thinning densities (75%, 55%, and 35%) and three repetitions, in the Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi. Four broad-leaved species Castanopsis hystrix, Mytilaria laosensis, Castanopsis fissa and Machilus pingii were randomly inter-planted into the Cunninghamia lanceolata stand. The impact of close-to-nature management with different thinning densities on community composition, species diversity and growth status were studied. The results showed that after five years of the close-to-nature management, the number of species in tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer highly increased. The dominant species in shrub layer and herb layer varied before and after thinning operation, but they were mostly the same in different thinning intensities. In the shrub layer, there was no significant difference in diversity indexes between the thinning stands and the unthinned pure stands. In the herb layer, the diversity indexes in the thinning stands were higher than that of the unthinned pure stands, while the Simpson index and Pielous evenness index were significantly higher than the pure stand. The average DBH of Cunninghamia lanceolata was significantly increased with the thinning intensities, but no significant difference was found in tree height. The DBH and height of the broad-leaved trees grew as the thinning density increasing. Significant differences were found in the DBH and height of Castanopsis fissa and Castanopsis hystrix in different thinning intensities. Intolerant species such as Castanopsis fissa and Mytilaria laosensis, as well as neutral species Castanopsis hystrix were good for inter-planted in high thinning intensity during close-to-nature management in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation, while the shade tolerant species like Machilus pingii performed better in medium thinning stands.
-
Key words:
- Cunninghamia lanceolata
- / close-to-nature management
- / thinning
- / species diversity
- / forest growth
-
[1] 陆元昌. 近自然森林的理论与实践[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2006. [2] 李慧卿,江泽平,雷静品,等. 近自然森林经营探讨[J]. 林业科学研究,2007,20(3): 6-11. [3] Li W H. Degradation and restoration of forest ecosystems in China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2004,201(1):33-41. [4] 彭万喜,吴义强,张仲凤,等. 中国的杉木研究现状与发展途径[J].世界林业研究,2006,19(5):54-57. [5] 盛炜彤. 杉木人工林水土流失及养分损耗研究[J]. 林业科学研究,2000,13(6):589-597. [6] 彭舜磊,王得祥,赵 辉,等. 我国人工林现状与近自然经营途径探讨[J]. 西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):184-188. [7] 李婷婷,陆元昌,庞立峰,等. 杉木人工林近自然经营的初步效果[J]. 林业科学,2014,50(5):90-100. [8] 林同龙. 杉木人工林近自然经营技术的应用效果研究[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2012,32(3):11-15. [9] 罗应华,孙冬婧,林建勇,等. 马尾松人工林近自然化改造对植物自然更新及物种多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(19): 6154-6162. [10] 张象君,王庆成,王石磊,等. 小兴安岭落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学,2011,47(1):6-14. [11] 张俊艳,陆元昌,成克武,等. 近自然改造对云南松人工林群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 2010,33(3):72-77. [12] 何友均,梁星云,覃 林,等. 南亚热带马尾松红椎人工林群落结构、物种多样性及基于自然的森林经营[J]. 林业科学,2013,49(4):24-33. [13] Zhu J J, Yang K, Yan Q L,et al. Feasibility of implementing thinning in even aged Larix olgensis plantations to develop uneven-aged larch-broadleaved mixed forests[J]. Journal of Forest Resource,2010,15:71-80. [14] 胡建伟,朱成秋. 抚育间伐对森林环境的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报,1999,27(3):65-67. [15] 于立忠,朱教君,孔祥文,等. 人为干扰(间伐)对红松人工林林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2006,26(11):3757-3764. [16] Tilman D. The reource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession[J]. The American Naturalist,1985,125(6):827-852. [17] Adrian A, Andrew R N, Klaus J P. Understory abundance, species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning in coniferous stands[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2010,260(7):1104-1113. [18] 李春义,马履一,徐 昕. 抚育间伐对森林生物多样性影响研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究,2006,19(6): 27-32. [19] 熊有强,盛炜彤,曾满生. 不同间伐强度杉木林下植被发育及生物量研究[J]. 林业科学研究,1995,8(4):408-412. [20] 张水松,陈长发,吴克选,等. 杉木林间伐强度试验20年生长效应的研究[J],林业科学,2005,41(5)56-65. [21] 马履一,李春义,王希群,等. 不同强度间伐对北京山区油松生长及其林下植物多样性的影响[J]. 林业科学,2007,43(5): 1-9. [22] 董希斌. 采伐强度对落叶松林生长量的影响[J]. 东北林业大学学报,2001,29(1): 44-47. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 5062
- HTML全文浏览量: 239
- PDF下载量: 1317
- 被引次数: 0
下载:
