滴灌施肥条件下107杨幼林N、P、K养分吸收量与施肥量研究
Study on N, P, and K Uptake and Fertilization of Young‘107'Poplar Clone with Drip Irrigation
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摘要: 以北京永定河故道沙地上地表滴灌栽培的107杨人工林为研究对象, 探索不同年龄107杨幼林对N、P、K营养元素的吸收量和积累量及不同N施肥梯度对107杨幼林(2、3 a)生长的影响, 以确定107杨人工幼林(2、3 a)的最佳施肥量。结果表明:(1)107杨13年生幼林单株养分吸收量逐年加大, 第3年养分需求明显大于前两年, 各养分需求量的大小依次为N > K > P。(2)2年生107杨各施肥处理间生长表现无显著差异, N最小施肥量30 g·株-1即为最佳施肥量, 与其对应的P为15 g·株-1、K为20 g·株-1, 和测定的2年生107杨单株N、P、K营养元素的吸收量(N 28.3 g、P 6.2 g、K 18.9 g)结果接近。(3)3年生107杨各施肥处理间, 蓄积增长量随N施肥量的增加而增加, 在80 g·株-1的N施肥量下最小, 并与其他处理间存在显著差异;在200 g·株-1的N施肥下最大, 但与120、160 g·株-1的N施肥处理间无显著差异, 120 g·株-1的N施肥量即为满足3年生107杨生长需求的最小施肥量, 与其对应的P为20 g·株-1、K为50 g·株-1, 和测定的3年生107杨单株N、P、K营养元素的吸收量(N111.8 g、P16.9 g、K43.8 g)结果接近。(4)对3年生107杨各施肥处理蓄积增长量的边际效益分析表明, 120 g·株-1的N施肥处理能取得最大边际收益863.08元·hm-2, 为最佳施肥量。Abstract: Taking ‘107'poplar clone(Populus×euramericana cv.‘74/76')plantation cultivated with surface drip irrigation at sandy land of ancient Yongding River bed in Beijing as the research object, the effects of N, P, and K absorption and accumulation as well as different N fertilization gradient on the growth of 2- and 3-year-old ‘107'poplar clone were studied so as to determine the optimum amount of fertilization for young (2 or 3 year-old) poplar. The results showed that: (1) The nutrient uptake of 1- to 3-year-old ‘107'poplar clone increased year by year, the uptake in the third year was significantly greater than that in the previous two years, and the demand for various nutrients in the order of N > K > P. (2) The growth of 2-year-old ‘107'poplar clone showed no significant difference among various treatments, the minimum N fertilizer (30 g per tree) was the best, the corresponding P was 15 g per tree, K 20 g per tree,which were close to the result of N, P, and K nutrient absorption of 2-year-old ‘107' poplar clone plant (N 28.3 g, P 6.2 g, and K 18.9 g). (3) Among various treatments, the increment of volume of 3-year-old ‘107'poplar clone increased with the increase of N fertilizer. N fertilizer of 80 g per tree achieved the minimum volume increment, and there was significant difference between it and other treatments; 200 g per tree achieved the maximum volume increment, but there was no significant difference among treatments except 80 g per tree of N fertilizer treatment, so 120g N fertilizer per tree was the minimum fertilizer to meet the need for 3-year-old ‘107' poplar clone to grow, the corresponding P was 20 g per tree, K 50 g per tree,which was close to the result of N, P, and K nutrient absorption for 3-year-old ‘107'poplar clone (N 111.8 g, P 16.9 g, and K 43.8 g). 4) Marginal benefit analysis for 3-year-old ‘107'poplar clone plantation showed that N fertilization of 120 g per tree could achieve the maximum marginal income (863.08 yuan·hm-2), so it is the best.
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Key words:
- poplar plantation
- / drip irrigation
- / fertilization
- / N, P, and K nutrient
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