缓释肥加载对3种珍贵树种大规格容器苗生长和N、P库构建的影响
Effect of Slow-release Fertilizer Loading on Growth and N, P Accumulation of Container-growing Seedlings for Three Precious Tree Species
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摘要: 容器苗作为高效的育苗措施,可以显著地提高造林成活率。相对于1年生容器苗生长较弱、造林效果差的状况,2年生容器苗可改善造林效果。因此,针对南方红豆杉、浙江楠和浙江樟3种珍贵树种2年生大规格优质容器苗的培育需求,系统研究了缓释肥加载量对其生长、根系发育、生物量积累和分配以及N、P养分积累的影响。结果表明:(1)缓释肥加载量为1.5 kg·m-3时南方红豆杉地径达到最大值,2.5 kg·m-3缓释肥加载量能有效促进浙江樟苗高增长。缓释肥加载对南方红豆杉根、叶和总生物量积累具有显著影响;(2)南方红豆杉和浙江樟总根长、根体积和根系表面积均在3.5 kg·m-3缓释肥加载量下达到最大,而2.5 kg·m-3缓释肥加载量则可满足浙江楠根体积和根表面积的增长;(3)3.5 kg·m-3缓释肥加载量有助于3个树种2年生容器苗养分库中N素的积累,但较低缓释肥加载量(1.5 kg·m-3)利于浙江楠P素养分库的构建。养分含量的提高在一定范围内可促进容器苗生长和养分库中养分的积累,而养分含量过高不仅抑制容器苗生长,还会引起养分在苗木体内的再分配。综合考虑,建议对南方红豆杉和浙江樟2年生容器苗采用1.67 g·株-1 N素和0.74 g·株-1 P素的施肥水平进行培育,而培育浙江楠2年生容器苗宜采用1.67 g·株-1 N素和0.32 g·株-1 P素施肥水平。Abstract: Container nursing is a highly efficient cultivation measures that can significantly enhance the survival rate of forestation. Compared to one-year-old container-growing seedlings, the two-years-old container-growing seedlings are better in growth and survival rate. The effect of slow-release fertilizer(SRF) loading on growth, root development, biomass accumulation and allocation and N, P accumulations of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Phoebe chekiangensis and Cinnamomum chekiangense were systematically studied. The results are as follows.(1) The maximum ground diameter of T. wallichiana var. mairei appeared at 1.5 kg·m-3 of the SRF treatment. The 2.5 kg·m-3 SRF treatment could effectively promote seedling height of C. chekiangense, and SRF had significant effects on T. wallichiana var. mairei's leaf, root and total biomass accumulation.(2) The root volume, length and surface of both the T. wallichiana var. mairei and C. chekiangense reached the maximum values under the treatment of 3.5 kg·m-3 SRF, while the 2.5 kg·m-3 SRF could meet the demand of P. chekiangensis' growth in root volume and root surface area.(3) The N accumulation of the 3 kinds of seedlings benefited from 3.5 kg·m-3 SRF. However, the lower SRF was good for the construction of P reserves of P. chekiangensis. Apparently, increasing concent of nutrients would promote the growth and nutrient accumulation of seedlings, exceeding concent of nutrients not only limited the growth but also led to redistribution of nutrients. According to the results, the optimum fertilizing dose of N was 1.67g per plant for these three kinds of seedlings, and it was best to fertilize phosphorus at 0.74 g per plant to T. wallichiana var. mairei and C. chekiangense, respectively,while 0.32 g per plant should be better for P. chekiangensis.
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