南方红豆杉2年生容器苗多点试验的生长节律家系变异
Family Variation on Growth Rhythm of Two-year-old Container Seedlings of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei in Multi-location Trials
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摘要: [目的]对南方红豆杉家系进行了生长节律变异研究,以选育优良速生的南方红豆杉家系.[方法]在江西分宜、湖北京山、浙江淳安和浙江龙泉4个地点对2年生南方红豆杉家系容器苗进行了苗期遗传测定和苗高生长节律观测,分析了其性状变异的家系效应、地点效应及家系×地点的互作效应.[结果]表明参试的南方红豆杉苗高、地径和苗高生长节律参数在家系间、地点间和家系×地点间均表现出极显著差异.南方红豆杉家系间苗高最大值分别高出最小值76.20%(江西分宜)、52.98%(湖北京山)、55.42%(浙江淳安)和78.10%(浙江龙泉);地径最大值分别高出最小值126.67%、23.68%、37.02%和26.48%.南方红豆杉家系间苗高和地径变异系数在11.81%~26.50%之间.对南方红豆杉2年生容器苗各性状进行遗传力估算,遗传力在0.80~0.97之间.相关性分析认为不同测试点间苗高与苗高生长节律参数具有不同相互关系,江西分宜点苗高与线性生长速率呈负相关,而浙江龙泉点苗高与线性生长速率则呈显著正相关.以苗高作为主要性状指标,从4个测试点中筛选出7个南方红豆杉优良家系.[结论]南方红豆杉家系间,苗高、地径与苗高生长节律具有较丰富的遗传差异,遗传改良潜力较大,家系各性状遗传力较大,受较强的遗传控制,早期选择有一定的可靠性.家系与地点的互作效应显著说明部分家系生长受环境因素影响较强,遗传稳定性较弱;其中闽11和三元06两个优良家系在4个测试点中均被选中,遗传稳定性较强,可在多点进行推广.Abstract: [Objective]To select the excellent fast-growing families of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei according to their growth rhythm.[Method]Genetic traits and height growth rhythm of 2-year-old container seedlings of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei belonging to different families in 4 sites (Fenyi of Jiangxi Province, Jingshan of Hubei Province, Longquan and Chun'an of Zhejiang Province) were observed.[Result]Extremely significant differences were found in the height, ground diameter and height growth rhythm parameters among the families, sites, and site×families. The maximum height of families from Fenyi, Jingshan, Chun'an and Longquan were 76.20%, 52.98%, 55.42% and 78.10% higher than the minimum, respectively. For ground diameter, the maximum values were 126.67%, 23.68%, 37.02% and 26.48% higher than the minimum ones, respectively. The height and ground diameter variation coefficients of families ranged from 11.81% to 26.50%. The heritability of traits was between 0.80 and 0.97. According to the results of correlation analysis, there were different relationships between height and parameters of growth rhythm at the different test points. There was a negative correlation between height and linear growth rate in Fenyi site, while they were positively related in Longquan site. [Conclusion]Based on seedling height, 7 elite families were selected from each of the four sites. It indicated that there were large genetic differences and high genetic improvement potentials among the families, and it was controlled by strong heredity. The early selection would be preferable. However, the interaction effect of families with sites significantly indicated that the growth of some families was influenced by environmental factors at more extents, and their genetic stability was weak. Two elite families with higher genetic stability were selected from the four sites, and suitable to be planted extensively.
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Key words:
- Taxus wallichiana var. mairei
- / family
- / growth traits
- / growth rhythm
- / genetic variation
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